TEKS 4.7A examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants
|
|
- Allen Atkinson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 TEKS examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants Properties of Soil What Is Soil? Soil may be referred to as dirt, mud, muck, earth, clay, silt, or sand. There are so many words for soil because there are so many different kinds of soil. The soil in one place can be very different than the soil less than a kilometer away. In the United States alone, there are more than 70,000 different kinds of soil! No matter how different soils are, they all have some similarities. Soil is a mixture of small bits of weathered rocks, minerals, water, and the decaying remains of once-living things. One of the main components of soil is humus. Humus is the part of soil made up of dead plants and animals. For example, when a tree loses a leaf, the leaf falls to the ground. As decomposers break the leaf down into smaller parts, it becomes humus. You might not think of soil as a resource, but it is a very important one. Without soil, plants couldn t grow and many animals would not have a place to live. Some soils are used in manufacturing processes. For example, some soils can be used to make bricks or other building materials. Soil Layers and Formation You ve learned that weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces. All soils form from weathered rock. Soil can form from the weathered rock right under it, or it can form from eroded sediment carried from far away. If you dig down into soil, you would find that it is made of up several layers. Each layer has different properties. The top layer is called topsoil. This is the layer in which most biological activity occurs. Animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria all live here. If you dig down far enough, you would find bedrock. Bedrock is solid, unweathered rock that lies beneath the loose surface deposits of soil. Soils form in layers. Each layer has different characteristics. topsoil This pot is made of a type of soil called clay. bedrock and Assessment TEKS Page 1 of 7
2 Soil Color The most obvious property when looking at soil is its color. The color of soil can tell scientists a lot about it. Geologists officially recognize more than 170 different soil colors. Most of these are shades of black, brown, red, gray, and white. Many types of soil, called loam, have a mixture of sand, silt, and clay particles. Wellbalanced soils are the best ones to support plant growth. Farms are often built on locations with loam. In general, the darker a soil, the more nutrient-rich it is. The darker color often indicates a high amount of humus. Gray soils often have poor drainage, and red soils are usually very undeveloped, poor soils. These general rules about soil colors can, however, be misleading. Under certain conditions, a very poor soil can be dark black, while a rich, healthy soil can look red. Soil Texture Another property of soil is its texture. Pick up a pinch of soil between your fingers, and rub it back and forth. You will quickly notice that the soil is made up of many different-size particles. These particles give the soil its texture. Soil texture refers to the relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay in a sample of soil. These particles differ in size. Sand particles are the largest, silt particles are medium-sized, and clay particles are tiny. Pure clay feels smooth when you rub it between your hands. Particle clay silt sand Particle Size in Soils Particle Size less than mm mm 0.05 mm greater than 0.05 mm Soil Structure The mixture of particle sizes in a soil affects many other properties, including how much water it can hold and how fast water drains through it. Soils have different amounts of open space, called pores, between particles. Pores can also be filled with water. Soils with larger pore spaces can hold more water. Permeability refers to how quickly water drains into or moves through a soil. This speed depends on how large the soil pores are. A highly permeable soil is one in which water runs though it quite easily. Sandy soils have large, well-connected pore spaces and high permeability. Water does not move through clay soils easily. Nutrients Because soils are made from rocks, they contain minerals. The kinds of minerals found in any soil depend on the kind of rock from which the soil formed. Certain minerals are needed for plant growth. and Assessment TEKS Page 2 of 7
3 In order for plants to obtain the nutrients they need to survive, nutrients must be carried into them. This happens as nutrients are dissolved into the groundwater that the plants absorb through their roots. As humus decays, it adds organic matter in the form of humus to the soil. Humus improves soil moisture retention while affecting soil chemistry. If a soil has too much acid in it, it is said to be acidic. In this kind of soil, the nutrients in the soil are dissolved too quickly and wash away as the water drains. If a soil is too alkaline if there is not enough acid then nutrients will not dissolve quickly enough. Thus, a neutral soil, which is neither too acidic nor too alkaline, is the best kind of soil for plants. Soils Hold Water There are many properties of soil that you can examine. In this activity, you will measure how well two types of soil hold water. Procedure: Hands-On Activity Materials potting soil sand measuring cup coffee filter 2 funnels 2 ring stands water 2 beakers graduated cylinder 1. Place a funnel in each ring stand, and place a coffee filter inside each funnel. Put a beaker beneath the funnel. 2. Fill one of the filters with potting soil. Measure the volume of soil you add. 3. Add the same amount of sand to the other filter. 4. Put 200 ml of water into a graduated cylinder. Slowly pour the water into the potting soil. Stop as soon as you see water dripping from the bottom of the funnel. Record how much water the soil held. 5. Repeat Step 4 with the sand. Discussion Questions: 1. How do the two types of soil compare? 2. Where can you infer the water poured into the soil went? and Assessment TEKS Page 3 of 7
4 Hands-On Activity Soils and Plant Growth Are the soils in your area good for growing plants? Does soil type affect how well a plant grows? You will answers these questions in this investigation. Procedure: Materials at least 3 soil samples gloves and goggles measuring cup planting pots water seeds 1. With a trusted adult, collect a sample of soil and label the location where it was collected. Bring it into the class and share the sample with your group. 2. Analyze each soil sample. Record properties of the soil, including the soil s color and texture. Determine texture by rubbing the soil between your fingers and by observing it with a hand lens. 3. Measure enough soil to fill a planting pot half way. Add a few seeds, and cover them with another inch of soil. Label the pot. 4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 with the soil samples from the other members of your group. Be sure to keep the amount of soil and number of seeds used constant. 5. Over the next few weeks, add water to the pots as they dry out. All of the pots need to receive the same amount of water. Record how well the plants grow. You could record the number of leaves or the height of the plants. 6. Evaluate your results and compare them with your analysis of the soil samples. As a group, come up with a scientific explanation. Discussion Questions: 1. How well did the plants grow in each type of soil? 2. How did you control variables in this experiment? 3. Describe the process your group used to come up with an explanation you all agreed on. and Assessment TEKS Page 4 of 7
5 Properties of Soil List the three particle sizes that make up soil in order from smallest to largest. What do plants obtain from soil? How does the texture of clay differ from the texture of sand? Draw what the soil near your home looks like through a hand lens. Label any parts you can. and Assessment TEKS Page 5 of 7
6 TEKS Assessment Fill in the letter of the best choice. Soil is made up of four main ingredients. Choose the correct list of ingredients. tiny pieces of rock; humus; air; sand humus, or dead plant material; clay; water; salts tiny pieces of rock; air; water; humus or dead plant material air; water; tiny pieces of rock; manure Which type of soil dries out quickly after a rainstorm? clay soil loam silty soil sandy soil Use the drawing below to answer questions 5 and 6. Which label points to bedrock? A B C D A B C D Which soil ingredient is made of decayed plants and animals? air humus minerals water Which type of soil feels the smoothest when you rub it between your fingers? Which label points to the layer where you would expect to find the most humus? A B C D loam clay silt sand and Assessment TEKS Page 6 of 7
7 Answer Key Hands-On Activity (p. 3) 1. Students should find that the potting soil held more water than the sand. 2. Water that was poured into the soil filled the spaces between the pores. Hands-On Activity (p. 4) 1. Answers will vary but should be based on observations and measurements. 2. Sample answer: I controlled variables by ensuring that the only difference between the pots was the type of soil in the pots. All other variables, including the number of seeds, the amount of water added to each pot, and the amount of light the plants received, were controlled (kept constant). 3. Sample answer: We discussed our data and compared our results. We used logic to eliminate explanations that didn t make sense. We discussed what inferences and conclusions we all agreed on, then we debated those we didn t agree on. Student Response Activity (p. 5) 1. clay; silt; sand 2. Plants obtain water and nutrients from soil. 3. Clay feels smooth when you rub it between your fingers. Sand feels gritty. You can feel the individual particles of sand. The clay particles are too small for you to feel them individually. 4. Check students drawings. Provide soil samples for those students who are unable to obtain them at home. TEKS Assessment (p. 6) 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A and Assessment TEKS Page 7 of 7
Investigating What's In Soil
Investigating What's In Soil This document is part of an Inquiry-based Science Curriculum from The Guided Inquiry supporting Multiple Literacies Project at the University of Michigan Project Co-Directors:
More informationWeathering, Erosion, and Soils. Weathering and Erosion. Weathering and Erosion
Weathering, Erosion, and Soils 1 The Grand Canyon, a landscape shaped by weathering and erosion 2 Weathering vs. erosion Types of weathering Physical Chemical Rates of weathering and erosion Climate Rock
More informationAmazing World Under Our Feet
Crop Science Investigation Workshop Series Lesson Plans Amazing World Under Our Feet Subject: Crop Production Intro to Soil Grade Level(s): 4 th 8 th grades Lesson Title: What is soil and why is soil important?
More information1. A student found a sample of a solid material that was gray, shiny and made of all the same material. What category does this sample best fit?
Grade 4 Standard 3 Unit Test A Earth Materials Multiple Choice 1. A student found a sample of a solid material that was gray, shiny and made of all the same material. What category does this sample best
More informationWhat Is Soil? S- 4.11A
What Is oil? ObjectivesThe student will identify the major components of soil. The student will be able to distinguish different soils based on physical characteristics. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEK: - K.10,A,B;
More informationEnvironmental Science
Project Area: Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate Learner Outcomes: Learn about the three classes of soil particles that determine a soil s texture. Learn to evaluate soil texture by feel. Learn how
More informationEcosystems One or more communities in an area and the abiotic factors, including water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil.
7-4.1 Summarize the characteristics of the levels of organization within ecosystems (including populations, communities, habitats, niches, and biomes). Taxonomy level: 2.4-B Understand Conceptual Knowledge
More informationTitle: Call center and answering services for the medical & home health care industry
Title: Call center and answering services for the medical & home health care industry Word Count: 444 Summary: Now discover a whole new perspective to health care.\edical and home health care services
More informationWEATHERING, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION PRACTICE TEST. Which graph best shows the relative stream velocities across the stream from A to B?
NAME DATE WEATHERING, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION PRACTICE TEST 1. The diagram below shows a meandering stream. Measurements of stream velocity were taken along straight line AB. Which graph best shows the
More informationHow can you tell rocks apart?
How can you tell rocks apart? Grade Range: 4-7 G.L.E Focus: 1.1.5 Time Budget: 1 1.5 hours WASL Vocabulary: Overview: Different rocks have different characteristics because of their minerals, the ways
More informationMud in the Water. www.agclassroom.org/ok. Oklahoma Academic Standards. Objective. Background. Resources Needed. Activities
Mud in the Water Objective Students will learn about soil erosion and water pollution by building a demonstration model from pop bottles and observing the movement of pollutants from soil into water. Background
More informationObjective: Preparation of Materials Lesson Instructions
Smectite Clay Products Teaching Materials Audrey C. Rule Objective: Students will be able to match cards that tell smectite clay properties and uses with corresponding clay products to demonstrate their
More informationRapid Changes in Earth s Surface
TEKS investigate rapid changes in Earth s surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides Rapid Changes in Earth s Surface Constant Changes Earth s surface is constantly changing. Wind,
More informationChapter D9. Irrigation scheduling
Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER To explain how to plan and schedule your irrigation program CHAPTER CONTENTS factors affecting irrigation intervals influence of soil water using
More information2 Wind Erosion and Deposition
CHAPTER 3 2 Wind Erosion and Deposition SECTION Agents of Erosion and Deposition BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How can wind erosion shape the
More informationGlass & Soil (Unit 3)
13 Glass & Soil (Unit 3) Glass Fractures Glass bends in response to any force that is exerted on any one of its surfaces. When the limit of its elasticity is reached, the glass will fracture. Frequently,
More informationTopic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil Duration: Grade Level: 6 9 days
6 th Grade Science Unit: Sedimentary Rocks Unit Snapshot Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil Duration: Grade Level: 6 9 days Summary The following activities allow students to focus on the study of rocks.
More informationROCKS, FOSSILS AND SOILS SECTION 8: FOSSILS From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003
ROCKS, FOSSILS AND SOILS SECTION 8: FOSSILS From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003 STANDARDS: Westminster College Students will write or draw descriptions of a sequence of steps, events and observations,
More informationAppendix D.1. Testing Requirements for Infiltration, Bioretention and Sand Filter Subsoils
Appendix D.1 Testing Requirements for Infiltration, Bioretention and Sand Filter Subsoils General Notes Pertinent to All Testing 1. For infiltration trench (I-1) and basin (I-2) practices, a minimum field
More informationIn this lesson, students will identify a local plant community and make a variety of
MAKING COMMUNITY MEASUREMENTS: ABIOTIC FACTORS Grades 3 6 I. Introduction In this lesson, students will identify a local plant community and make a variety of measurements, preferably during two different
More informationYear 5 Rocks. Soils and Water Scheme of Work R Wales
Session Objective Content and Activities Resources Assessment 1 To differences between solids, liquids and gases. To sort and group objects according to their physical state. 2 To carry out a practical
More informationFORENSICS AND DIRT PREPARE YOURSELF. 2. Dry each sample of soil in the oven for an hour at 212ºF (or 100ºC). MATERIALS
QUICK PEEK FORENSICS AND DIRT In this lesson, students become forensic geologists as they perform various tests to analyze soil samples and determine which suspect was at the Crime Scene. SUGGESTED GRADE
More informationVirginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort
The Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort Name Help Sheets: Seeds What Is a Seed? A seed is a very young plant that is in the dormant, or resting stage. It is very much alive. There are three
More information3.1. Major Earth resources. science. fun. Natural resources. Rocks What is in a rock?
3.1 Major Earth resources Humans need many things to stay alive, like food, air, water and shelter. Other living things have similar needs. These needs are met by the natural resources on Earth. It is
More informationUnit 1 - Pure Substances and Mixtures Chapter 2: Solutions
2.1 Solutes & Solvents Vocabulary: Unit 1 - Pure Substances and Mixtures Chapter 2: Solutions solvent the larger part of a solution - the part of a solution into which the solutes dissolve solute the smaller
More informationSedimentary Rocks, Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy
Sedimentary Rocks, Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are composed of: Fragments of other rocks (detrital or clastic) Chemical precipitates Organic
More informationNanotechnology & Society: Activity 1
Nanotechnology & Society: Activity 1 Water Clean-up Dirty Business I m Taylor. My friend Gabe and I love the water, but we know that keeping it clean is not always easy. Just upriver in Palmerton, Pennsylvania,
More informationSedimentary Rock Formation Models. 5.7 A Explore the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rock and fossil fuels.
Sedimentary Rock Formation Models 5.7 A Explore the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rock and fossil fuels. The Formation Process Explained Formation of these rocks is one of the important
More informationCreate Your Own Soil Profile Ac5vity
Create Your Own Soil Profile Ac5vity Middle School: 5-8 Task Overview: Soil profile refers to layers of soil. A typical soil profile takes nearly 1,000 to 100,000 years to form. The formation of the soil
More informationSection 1 The Earth System
Section 1 The Earth System Key Concept Earth is a complex system made up of many smaller systems through which matter and energy are continuously cycled. What You Will Learn Energy and matter flow through
More informationSOIL QUALITY AND SITE ASSESSMENT CARD for Connecticut Community Gardeners
U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service SOIL QUALITY AND SITE ASSESSMENT CARD for Connecticut Community Gardeners CONNECTICUT What are Soil Quality and Site Assessment Cards?
More informationAll sediments have a source or provenance, a place or number of places of origin where they were produced.
Sedimentary Rocks, Processes, and Environments Sediments are loose grains and chemical residues of earth materials, which include things such as rock fragments, mineral grains, part of plants or animals,
More information* Readily available from supermarkets and health food stores. 80-145 minutes (total over 3 to 7 days) SOSE: Investigate Australia s salinity crisis
Lesson Plan 12 Salt and germination Brief description This fascinating, cheap and very reliable experiment clearly demonstrates the damaging effects of salinity (salt) on seed germination. Mung beans are
More informationLesson 4: What Makes Water Healthy?
Lesson 4: What Makes Water Healthy? Activity: Students make observations and measurements of several water samples. This activity helps students think about different ways to determine water quality. Grade
More informationHands-On Labs SM-1 Lab Manual
EXPERIMENT 4: Separation of a Mixture of Solids Read the entire experiment and organize time, materials, and work space before beginning. Remember to review the safety sections and wear goggles when appropriate.
More informationLesson Plan: How Do We Clean Polluted Water?
Lesson Plan: How Do We Clean Polluted Water? Oil Spill Cleanup / Phosphate Cleanup / Groundwater Contamination / Water Treatment Simulation Estimated Time: 2-4 days State Standards taught and addressed
More informationUniversal Soil Erosion Equation
Author: Laura Swantek Time: 50 minute class period Grade Level: 9-12 Background: Soil is created by the weathering of rock and the decomposition of organic materials. Soils are classified according to
More informationSEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB
SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB Purpose: Every chemical has a set of defined physical properties, and when combined they present a unique fingerprint for that chemical. When chemicals are present
More informationRocks and Minerals What is right under your feet?
Rocks and Minerals What is right under your feet? Name: 1 Before you start What do you already know? What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? What are the three categories of rocks? 1. 2. 3.
More informationQuestions for Discussion. Introduction. What is ph? Neutralization
Questions for Discussion Why do leaves change color in autumn? What are acids and bases? How does red cabbage fit in? How are all these things related? Introduction The questions above may not seem related,
More informationSEE HOW TO MAKE LIME PLASTER WHY USE LIME? PATTI STOUTER, BUILD SIMPLE INC. FEBRUARY 2013
SEE HOW TO MAKE LIME PLASTER PATTI STOUTER, BUILD SIMPLE INC. FEBRUARY 2013 WHY USE LIME? Lime plaster forms a light, clean, and durable surface that is resistant to weather and mold. A thin layer attaches
More informationWhat is Soil Survey?
What is Soil Survey? Soil Survey is a systematic examination, description, classification, and mapping of the soils in a given area. Brady and Weil. 1996 Who Produces Soil Survey Cooperative effort between
More informationThe rock cycle. Introduction. What are rocks?
The rock cycle This Revision looks at the three types of rock: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. It looks at how they are formed, the weathering of rocks and the way one form of rock turns into another,
More informationXVI. Science and Technology/Engineering, Grade 5
XVI. Science and Technology/Engineering, Grade 5 Grade 5 Science and Technology/Engineering Test The spring 2012 grade 5 Science and Technology/Engineering test was based on learning standards in the four
More informationComposting: Biology Curriculum
Cornell Waste Management Institute cwmi.css.cornell.edu Composting: Biology Curriculum Understanding what composting is and how it works. Table of Contents Goal, Objectives, Keywords, Scientific Concepts...
More information5-Minute Refresher: WEATHERING AND EROSION
5-Minute Refresher: WEATHERING AND EROSION Weathering and Erosion Key Ideas Weathering is the wearing away of the surface of rock, soil, and minerals into smaller pieces. Example of weathering: Wind and
More informationMixtures. reflect. How is seawater different from pure water? How is it different from rocky soil?
reflect Everything around us is made out of tiny bits of matter. These particles may combine in different ways to produce new materials. Sometimes we need to separate the parts of a material. If we know
More informationWhat Is Humic Acid? Where Does It Come From?
What Is Humic Acid? Humic and Fulvic acids are the final break-down constituents of the natural decay of plant and animal materials. These organic acids are found in pre-historic deposits. Humic matter
More informationGENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE
GENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE Between 30-60 percent of water applied to lawns and gardens is never absorbed by the plants. Water is often wasted because it is applied too quickly and runs off, evaporates
More informationLab 7 Soil ph and Salinity OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION Soil ph active
Lab 7 Soil ph and Salinity OBJECTIVE In this lab you will learn the effect of the concentration of hydrogen ions (ph) and various salts on the fertility of a soil. You will perform some tests which are
More informationHow Much Does Acid Rain Hinder the Growth Height of Brassica rapa Plants Without Other Environmental Stressors?
How Much Does Acid Rain Hinder the Growth Height of Brassica rapa Plants Without Other Environmental Stressors? Author(s) Redacted Abstract: Brassica rapa plants are one of many plants in the environment
More informationDetermination of a Chemical Formula
1 Determination of a Chemical Formula Introduction Molar Ratios Elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds. For example, consider the compound TiCl 4 (titanium chloride). Each molecule of TiCl
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Find and take out 11B-15B and #1 From Egg Carton
Sedimentary Rocks Find and take out 11B-15B and #1 From Egg Carton Erosion Erosion is a natural process where rocks and soil are Broken and Moved We will focus on 4 types of erosion; Wind, Rain, Ice and
More informationMaking a Terrarium. fairchild tropical botanic garden 1
Making a Terrarium What is a Terrarium? A terrarium is a collection of small plants growing in a transparent, sealed container. A terrarium is a closed environment, and can actually be used to illustrate
More informationWEATHERING, EROSION, and DEPOSITION REVIEW
WEATHERING, EROSION, and DEPOSITION REVIEW Weathering: The breaking up of rock from large particles to smaller particles. a) This Increases surface area of the rock which speeds the rate of chemical weathering.
More informationChapter 5, Lesson 3 Why Does Water Dissolve Salt?
Chapter 5, Lesson 3 Why Does Water Dissolve Salt? Key Concepts The polarity of water molecules enables water to dissolve many ionically bonded substances. Salt (sodium chloride) is made from positive sodium
More informationMaking Biodiesel from Virgin Vegetable Oil: Teacher Manual
Making Biodiesel from Virgin Vegetable Oil: Teacher Manual Learning Goals: Students will understand how to produce biodiesel from virgin vegetable oil. Students will understand the effect of an exothermic
More information1 yard per 100 120 sq. ft. @ 2 Depth. Color is a personal choice. Dye fades due to sunlight. Although color remains, fading begins to occur
PRODUCT INFORMATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION USES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES COVERAGE MULCHES Premium Shredded Hardwood Bark Mulch DECO MULCHES Shredded Bark from Hardwood Trees Planting Beds Borders Horticulturally
More informationSIXTH GRADE WATER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
SIXTH GRADE WATER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WATER CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SIXTH GRADE WATER WEEK 1. PRE: Evaluating components of the water cycle. LAB: Experimenting with porosity and permeability.
More informationCONSTANT HEAD AND FALLING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST
CONSTANT HEAD AND FALLING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST 1 Permeability is a measure of the ease in which water can flow through a soil volume. It is one of the most important geotechnical parameters. However,
More informationLab 4: Osmosis and Diffusion
Lab 4: Osmosis and Diffusion The plasma membrane enclosing every cell is the boundary that separates the cell from its external environment. It is not an impermeable barrier, but like all biological membranes,
More information8.9 - Flash Column Chromatography Guide
8.9 - Flash Column Chromatography Guide Overview: Flash column chromatography is a quick and (usually) easy way to separate complex mixtures of compounds. We will be performing relatively large scale separations
More informationOsmosis Demonstration Lab
Osmosis Demonstration Lab Objectives The student will: 1) Observe the effects of different concentrations of salt solutions on potato cores. 2) Infer the relationship between weight loss and rate of osmosis.
More informationSEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth. They are derived from preexisting source rocks. They are composed by sediments, this is material that has been weathered,
More informationWhat is a Terrarium? Supplies Choosing your container Choosing your plants Building Your Terrarium
What is a Terrarium? A terrarium is a collection of small plants growing in a transparent, sealed container. A terrarium is a closed environment, and can actually be used to illustrate how an ecosystem
More informationRocks and Soil Unit of Study
Rocks and Soil Unit of Study Wendy Brady Allyson Stine OCI 2006 Rocks and Soil Unit Pre-Test DIRECTIONS: This is a pre-test designed to test your prior knowledge. Please read each question carefully and
More informationScheduling Maintenance for Infiltration Basins and Trenches
Visual Inspection for Infiltration Practices Visual inspection is a rapid assessment procedure for qualitatively evaluating the functionality of a stormwater best management practice (BMP). Visual inspections
More informationGUIDELINES FOR SOIL FILTER MEDIA IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS (Version 2.01) March 2008
GUIDELINES FOR SOIL FILTER MEDIA IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS (Version 2.01) March 2008 The following guidelines for soil filter media in bioretention systems have been prepared on behalf of the Facility for
More informationSeventh Grade Science Content Standards and Objectives
Seventh Grade Science Content Standards and Objectives Standard 2: Nature of Science Students will demonstrate an understanding of the history of science and the evolvement of scientific knowledge. SC.S.7.1
More informationPROCEDURE. See: Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands (http:// www.miseagrant.umich.edu/wetlands/index.html)
Activity: Students review a selection of career profiles and play a lively classroom game to find out more about marine and aquatic science professionals. Grade Level: 4-8 Subjects: Science, social studies
More informationWelcome to the Understanding Dissolved Oxygen learning module. This section provides information on the following topics:
Introduction Welcome to the learning module. This section provides information on the following topics: How dissolved oxygen is defined and measured in numbers Why dissolved oxygen is important Natural
More informationSalinity Management and Soil Amendments for Southwestern Pecan Orchards
Salinity Management and Soil Amendments for Southwestern Pecan Orchards Thomas L. Thompson, Professor and Soils Specialist James L. Walworth, Associate Professor and Soils Specialist Department of Soil,
More informationFlash Flood Science. Chapter 2. What Is in This Chapter? Flash Flood Processes
Chapter 2 Flash Flood Science A flash flood is generally defined as a rapid onset flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge (World Meteorological Organization). The American Meteorological
More informationLab 25. Acid-Base Titration and Neutralization Reactions: What Is the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Each Sample of Vinegar?
Lab 25. Acid-Base Titration and Neutralization Reactions: What Is the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Each Sample of Vinegar? Introduction Vinegar is basically a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH). It is
More informationThe Power of Water : How moving water affects our physical world By: Jonathan McCabe. Abstract. Project Overview
The Power of Water : How moving water affects our physical world By: Jonathan McCabe Abstract The goal of these lesson plans is to bring into focus how rivers and streams change the physical environment
More informationAppendix D Hydric Soils
Appendix D Hydric Soils. This appendix consists of two sections. Section describes the basic procedure for digging a soil pit and examining for hydric soil indicators. Section 2 is a list of hydric soils
More informationShampoo Properties Evaluation General Science
/ 10 Shampoo Properties Evaluation General Science Name It is difficult to obtain exact information on the formulation of commercial shampoos. These facts are held by the manufacturer to protect their
More informationPART I SIEVE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL RETAINED ON THE 425 M (NO. 40) SIEVE
Test Procedure for PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS TxDOT Designation: Tex-110-E Effective Date: August 1999 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of the distribution of particle
More information6. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the average monthly temperature of two cities A and B.
1. Which single factor generally has the greatest effect on the climate of an area on the Earth's surface? 1) the distance from the Equator 2) the extent of vegetative cover 3) the degrees of longitude
More informationThe Design Process All EiE units apply All EiE units reinforce the design process as outlined in the Indiana science standards. experiment. (K.1.
How Engineering is Elementary units link to the Indiana State Science Standards EiE teaches engineering content and links to science content, but does not teach science content. This resource should be
More informationSoaking Up Solar Energy
Soaking Up Solar Energy Monica Laux Grade 8 Enriched and modified lab **Note, I am a special education teacher in 8 th grade Science using an inclusionary model. This lab has also been re-designed to differentiate
More informationChapter 5 Student Reading
Chapter 5 Student Reading THE POLARITY OF THE WATER MOLECULE Wonderful water Water is an amazing substance. We drink it, cook and wash with it, swim and play in it, and use it for lots of other purposes.
More informationTrench Rescue by Buddy Martinette
Trench Rescue by Buddy Martinette SOIL TYPE AND TESTING It is imperative that rescue personnel understand soil types and testing procedures if the want to be competent at trench rescue operations. Determining
More informationTotal Suspended Solids Total Dissolved Solids Hardness
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids in water that can be trapped by a filter. TSS can include a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, industrial wastes, and sewage.
More informationInherent Factors Affecting Soil Nitrogen
Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant element in the atmosphere and is usually the most limiting crop nutrient. Nitrogen cycles through soil in various processes and forms. Some processes are necessary to
More informationOverview. Suggested Lesson Please see the Greenlinks Module description.
Overview Plants interact with their environment in many ways that we cannot see. Children often enjoy learning about these hidden secrets of plant life. In this lesson, children will learn about role of
More informationOnion & Leek Planting Guide
Onion & Leek Planting Guide Important Remove plants from box immediately. Do not put in soil or water before planting. Keep cool and dry until you can plant. Follow the instructions inside for best results.
More informationFluoride Strengthens Teeth
Fluoride Strengthens Teeth Two hard-boiled eggs Fluoride gel or solution, 4 to 6 oz. (from dental office) Three clean plastic containers Several cans of dark soda Water 1. Place a hard-boiled egg in one
More informationFor all turfgrass areas. Now you can test soil reaction at different levels in the soil profile. Check Soil ph on:
Turf-Tec ph Meter Test soil ph in the mat, thatch and above and below the root zone. ph can be checked, 0" to 4" inch level right on the turfgrass area. Simply insert probe to desired depth, allow to stand
More informationCOMPOST AND PLANT GROWTH EXPERIMENTS
6y COMPOST AND PLANT GROWTH EXPERIMENTS Up to this point, we have concentrated primarily on the processes involved in converting organic wastes to compost. But, in addition to being an environmentally
More informationEarth Science Landforms, Weathering, and Erosion Reading Comprehension. Landforms, Weathering, and Erosion
Reading Comprehension Name 1 How many people have been to the Rocky Mountains or the Grand Canyon? When people go to visit these natural wonders, they may not realize that it took millions of years for
More informationScience of Life Explorations
Science of Life Explorations Student Scientists: Make Your Bed Activity #2 Study Soil While we are still talking about soil, let s check three other soil properties that will affect your garden: compaction
More informationElitch Gardens. and. Forensic Science Workbook. Mad Science Whodunnit Challenge 2015
Elitch Gardens and Forensic Science Workbook Mad Science Whodunnit Challenge 2015 Name: Mad Science of Colorado 8380 Zuni St Denver, CO 80221 303.403.0432 www.colorado.madscience.org Whodunnit Challenge
More informationWater Treatment Filtration Lab. discharged into an aquatic ecosystem? We had to build a water filtration system with
Water Treatment Filtration Lab Brandon Lyons P.5 APES Abstract: How could polluted water be remediated so that it could support life when it is discharged into an aquatic ecosystem? We had to build a water
More informationHOW TO IMPORT FOREIGN SOIL and HOW TO MOVE SOIL within the UNITED STATES
Circular Q-330.300-2 Soil (01/2001) U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 4700 River Road, Unit 133 Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1228 HOW
More informationWetland or Marsh Water Filter
Wetland or Marsh Water Filter Objectives: Students will plan and conduct a simple investigation Students will communicate their investigations and explanations Students will learn how a wetland works to
More informationSTANDARDIZATION OF A SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION EXPERIMENT 14
STANDARDIZATION OF A SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION EXPERIMENT 14 OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment will be the standardization of sodium hydroxide using potassium hydrogen phthalate by the titration
More informationInk Analysis 2005, 2004, 2002, 1993 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved.
Ink Analysis 2005, 2004, 2002, 1993 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Ink from most ball-point pens and markers can be developed by paper chromatography using 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol as the
More informationThe concepts developed in this standard include the following: Oceans cover about 70% of the surface of the Earth.
Name Date Grade 5 SOL 5.6 Review Oceans Made by SOLpass - www.solpass.org solpass100@comcast.net Reproduction is permitted for SOLpass subscribers only. The concepts developed in this standard include
More informationEXPLAINING GROUNDWATER AND WATER WELLS
EXPLAINING GROUNDWATER AND WATER WELLS This document aims to provide a non-technical description of groundwater: how it occurs, how it moves underground, and the basic principles behind constructing and
More information