Please visit our website to access the secure, password protected SAQ file.

Transcription

1 Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci by Italian artist Cristofano dell Altissimo. Please visit our website to access the secure, password protected SAQ file.

2 The first sentence of your SAQ response should accomplish the following: Reflect the task being addressed. Provide a general idea of what will be discussed in your response. The remaining portion of your SAQ response should accomplish the following: Provide specific evidence from European history to support your first sentence. Your evidence must reflect the portrait of da Vinci since the question reads Identify and explain two ways in which the painting exemplifies cultural trends characteristic of the Renaissance. Your SAQ response should be anywhere from 2-5 sentences depending on what each task requires you to accomplish. At times they will be different lengths, do not worry about this, focus on completing each task using full, evidence-rich complete sentences. In addition, never lose focus of the task you are addressing. QUALITY QUANTITY

3 A1 A2 Within the painting of da Vinci there are cultural trends along with characteristics of the Renaissance. The idea of not having religious symbolism and instead glorifying the mind of a great man shows the ideals of humanism. This also shows the cultural trend of not having just churches commission works of art, showing a separation between art and religion. Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci by Altissimo captures the humanist and increasing secular beliefs of the Renaissance. The painting focuses on the correct, anatomical representation of a regular man, showing the cultural emphasis on valuing human life and not just divine figures and characters. The painting is also significant in the fact that it does not represent a saint but a man who was an educated elite and accomplished inventor and painter, showing the fascination in the Renaissance era with education and respect for knowledge and success.

4 A3 B1 The painting exemplifies Renaissance cultural trends because it is humanistic in nature and the patron of the painting was not the church, showing the Renaissance shift towards private patrons. The painting s focus on one person, showed the shift in humanistic ideology. Previous to this a majority of the works of art were focused on religious figures, exalted to the highest echelons of glory. Now we simply see the painting of a man, not religious at all. This painting also exemplifies Renaissance cultural trends because of the patronage. As wealth grew, it became more common to have the private patrons of the arts, in this case, Cosimo de Medici. Previously, the only major patron of art was the church and Pope. This shows a cultural shift towards humanism and private patrons. This shows the political function of art because it is commissioned by Cosimo de Medici, a strong and powerful banker of Florence with large amounts of political power. This shows that the politically strong were the ones with the ability to commission art.

5 B2 B3 Art was used in the Renaissance especially to show and exemplify greatness and power within political people and their homes. The painting is an example of how art could be used to magnify the beauty and greatness of a person whom society respected and many times was commissioned for the homes of the powerful to show cultural appreciation and gain respect and awe from common people, as used by the Medici family frequently. The painting allowed the patron to establish themselves as wealthy and powerful, which was key for the politics of the time. For someone to be a patron of the arts, one must have had a lot of money because commissioning an artist was expensive. And to be wealthy, you must be nobility or a very powerful merchant. Paintings allowed people to prove their wealth and dominance in politics.

6

7 Began his political career in the Florentine Republic while the Medici family was out of power. Lost his job due to the Medici family coming back to power. Wrote The Prince in part as an application to the Medici rulers for a job in their government. The Prince has become a classic treatise in political theory for the way it divorces politics from theology and metaphysics. Though a republican at heart Machiavelli saw that the strongest rulers were not in Italy, but instead in Spain, France, and England. The Prince was written in part as a response to numerous invasions of Italian city-states by European powers such as France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. Machiavelli The ends justify the means. The Prince is a philosophical view of the ideal political leader, based on his view of ancient Roman rulers. Powerful rulers knew how to exercise power and build strong states. They also knew it is better to be feared than loved to maintain order, although it is best to be both. He exhorted princes to adopt the ways of both the lion and the fox because the lion cannot defend himself against snares and the fox cannot defend himself against wolves. Therefore, it is necessary to be a fox to discover the snares and a lion to terrify the wolves.