Rome and the Rise of Christianity. The Rise of Rome

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1 Rome and the Rise of Christianity The Rise of Rome

2 Land Land and Peoples of Italy Peninsula 750 miles long north to south Apennine Mountains run down the middle Three fertile plains extensive farmland supported a large population Po River plains Plain of Latium (where Rome is located) Plain of Campania

3 Land and Peoples of Italy Rome (the city) 18 miles inland on the Tiber River Easy access to the sea; safe from pirates Built on 7 hills; easy to defend Located on north-south traffic route

4 Land and Peoples of Italy People Indo-Europeans moved into Italy B.C. Latins settled in Latium Herders & farmers Spoke Latin

5 Land and Peoples of Italy Greeks 800 B.C. Settled in southern Italy Gave Romans alphabet & artistic models for sculpture, architecture, & literature

6 Land and Peoples of Italy Etruscans More important in developing Roman culture than Greeks After 650 B.C. controlled most of Rome and Latium

7 Land and Peoples of Italy Etruscans Turned Rome from a village to a city Gave mode of dress toga & short cloak Developed army organization

8 Roman Republic Early Rome ruled by kings, some Etruscans 509 B.C. Romans overthrew last Etruscan king Established a republic (a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote)

9 Roman Republic Enemies surround Rome Long periods of continuous warfare By 264 B.C. Rome had defeated Latium, the central Apennines, the Greeks in the south, & the Etruscans in the north

10 Roman Republic Roman Confederation Latins had full Roman citizenship Allies who controlled local affairs, but gave soldiers to Rome could become Roman citizens

11 Roman Republic Roman believed their success was due to three virtues 1. Duty 2. Courage 3. Discipline

12 Roman Republic Roman Success 1. Good diplomats 2. Extending Roman citizenship 3. Allow states to run internal affairs 4. Skill, persistent soldiers & brilliant strategists 5. Practical in law & politics 6. Created institutions that responded effectively to problems

13 Roman State Romans distrusted kings Divided into 2 groups of citizens who could vote 1. Patricians great landowners 2. Plebeians less wealthy landowners, craftspeople, merchants, & small farmers

14 Roman State Gov t officials Only patricians eligible CEOs Consuls 2 per year ran the gov t & led the army Praetors in charge of civil law

15 Roman State Senate 300 patricians served for life Initially only an advisory body By 3rd century B.C. their decisions had the force of law

16 Roman State Centuriate Assembly elected chief officials Most important people s s assembly Organization based on wealth Passed laws Council of the Plebs Plebeians only Result of class struggle

17 Roman Law 12 Tables 450 B.C. Rome s s 1st code of law Applied to Roman citizens only Law of Nations Established standards of justice applied to all people Principles include: Innocent until proven guilty Defended before a judge

18 Rome Conquers the Mediterranean 1st Punic War Begins in 264 B.C. Rome sent an army to Sicily Rome created a navy 241 B.C. Carthage gave up all rights to Sicily Sicily pays a fine to Rome Carthage vowed revenge Carthage added lands in Spain to its empire Romans encouraged a Spanish revolt against Carthage

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20 Rome Conquers the Mediterranean 2nd Punic War Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, crossed the Alps into Rome Rome attacked & lost an army of 40,000 men Rome raised another army & recovered lost land Hannibal roams the country Rome sends troops to Spain & pushes Carthage out of Spain Rome attacks Carthage: Hannibal called home Rome crushes Hannibal at the battle of Zama

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22 Rome Conquers the Mediterranean 3rd Punic War 146 B.C. Carthage destroyed 50,000 men, women, & children sold into slavery Carthage became a Roman province called Africa

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24 Rome Conquers the Mediterranean Rome also battling Hellenistic states (Eastern Greece & Macedonia) Macedonia made a Roman province in 148 B.C. Greece made a Roman province in 126 B.C.