Cell Structure & Function.
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1 Cell Structure & Function
2 Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells are the smallest units of life All cells come from preexisting cells.
3 Cell Theory Scientists Hooke named cells after viewing cork under a microscope Leeuwenhook saw living cells and called them animalcules Schwann concluded that animals were made of cells Schleiden concluded that plants were made of cells Virchow determined that cells only came from pre-existing cells
4 Definition of Cell The smallest unit capable of life.
5 Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell
6 Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic (leave space) Eukaryotic
7 No membrane bound structures No organelles or nucleus One-celled organisms, Bacteria Prokaryotic
8 Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms, single or multi-celled Plant Animal
9 Typical Animal Cell
10 Typical Plant Cell
11 Cell Parts Eukaryotic Organelles
12 Surrounding the Cell
13 Cell Membrane All cells Outer part of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Made of a double layer called Phospholipid bilayer
14 Cell Wall Found in eukaryote plant & some prokaryotes only Supports cell
15 Inside the Cell
16 Nucleus Eukaryotes only Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains DNA (genetic instructions)
17 Nuclear Membrane Eukaryotes only Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow RNA to enter and leave nucleus
18 Nucleolus Eukaryotes Only Inside nucleus Makes ribosomes
19 Cytoplasm All cells Gel-like mixture that fills cell Site of some chemical reactions
20 Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotes only Moves materials around within cell to help assemble proteins and lipids Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
21 Ribosomes All Cells Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ER & floating throughout the cell
22 Mitochondria Eukaryotes Only Produces energy (ATP) from sugar (glucose) through cell respiration
23 Golgi Bodies Eukaryotes Only Protein package and ship Move materials in and out of the cell (like the post office)
24 Eukaryotes only Lysosome Digests/Destroys worn out parts, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
25 Vacuoles Eukaryotes only Membrane-bound sacs for storage (especially water in plant cells) Help plants maintain shape
26 Chloroplast Eukaryotic plant cells only Contains green chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis (where light energy is converted to carbohydrate energy)
27 Centriole (Centrosome) Eukaryotic Animal Cells ONLY Helps with cell division
28 Microtubule & Microfilament Eukaryotic Cells only Make up cytoskeleton Interior Support
29 Strike through Nuclear Pores and add Cilia All cells (optional) Hair-like, for movement Flagella All cells (optional) Tail-like, for movement
30 Group Project The is like a, because. Make analogies for the following organelles Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi vacuole Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Chrolorplast Centriole Cell membrane Lysosomes Mitochondria Cell wall
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