Please define each of the following terms. You may use either your Counterpoints textbook or the Student Workbook.

Transcription

1 Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) Please define each of the following terms. You may use either your Counterpoints textbook or the Student Workbook. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING THE INFORMATION BETWEEN THE BLANKS AS WELL! Key Vocabulary: Chapter 9: Government Structure pp Totalitarianism: A regime in which the state regulates Totalitarian regimes mobilize entire populations in support of the state and a political ideology, and do not tolerate totalitarian regimes maintain their monopoly of power through o o of the mass media o centralized state planning and o pervasive to spread Explain how a totalitarian regime can be located at either end of the political spectrum. Fascism: the term fascism has come to mean any system of government that in various combinations: o exalts the nation and party o stresses loyalty to and submission to o engages in economic totalitarianism through the creation characterized by o o secret police o demonstrations of e.g. Hitler s Germany, Mussolini s Italy Communism: a theoretical system of social organization and a political movement based on This includes factories, machines, tools and materials, and infrastructure. Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 1

2 Liberalism: an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that emphasizes seeks a society characterized by o freedom of for o limitations on (especially of government and religion) o the rule o the free exchange of o o a market economy that supports a transparent system of in which the rights modern liberals favour a liberal democracy with open and fair elections, where all citizens have equal rights by law and an equal opportunity to succeed at the of the political spectrum supports change when most people want it government should try to improve the lives of citizens Which federal Canadian political party falls into this category? Conservatism: a wing ideology that believes government should play a in the lives of people. is important and should only be accepted cautiously Which federal Canadian political party falls into this category? Socialism: a political and economic system in which the means of production and distribution in a country are for the of all members of society a wing political ideology that believes that government should play a it would change in order to improve the lives of citizens Which federal Canadian political party falls into this category? Democracy: A government where political power is fully Direct Democracy: every participates by Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 2

3 Representative Democracy: A governmental system in which the citizens exercise their power through Constitution: a legal document that outlines it is the supreme outlines the structure of our government and defines and Constitutional Monarchy: a government in which the monarch has List all of the four definitions above that apply to Canada: Parliamentary Democracy: a democracy in which the legislative powers (the ability to make and change laws) lies in Canada, this is the and the in Canada, Parliament must meet at least Executive Branch: the branch of the government that has the power to and them (be in charge of them) for example, at the provincial level, deciding how many exams a student must write in order to graduate Legislative Branch: the branch of the government that has the power to and them Judicial Branch: the branch of government that has the power to (make sense of ) and (be in charge of ) the laws it is separate from the other two to ensure House of Commons: in Canada, one of the of Parliament; the its members are Riding/Constituency: an ; federally they consist of approx. citizens Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 3

4 when the eligible voters in a riding elect a, that person takes his/her in the House of Commons/Parliament Senate: part of the legislative branch, but separate from the /chamber members (Senators) are its main role is to provide a (sober second thought) on the laws passed in the House of Commons the Senate also has the right to bills, debate them and pass them, but this is rare the Senate is also a place of representation Prime Minister/Premier: the Head of the leader of the political party with the most or elected in the becomes the Prime Minister Speaker of the House: debates in the House of Commons are by the Speaker, who is also an member of parliament s/he oversees the and operation of parliament by to everyone fairly Leader of the Official Opposition: the leader of the political party with of members or elected/seats Official Opposition: the Opposition consists of the job of the opposition it helps to ensure Party Whip: the person in each party responsible for ensuring and that each person Caucus: a private meeting of of a members can discuss, since outsiders are not permitted in caucus meetings however, in public, members are required to Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 4

5 Cabinet: part of the branch usually made up of, chosen by the to be in charge of a particular such as Finance, Defence, Health, etc. the PM can also choose a to be a Cabinet Minister, but this is rare the choices are based on, as well as the, (i.e. French/English) and diversity of the nation Cabinet Ministers are often responsible for to Parliament (a part of their legislative duties) Cabinet Solidarity: Cabinet Ministers must display and the the government in public, demonstrating that the government is Shadow Cabinet Critic: the Leader of the Official Opposition chooses elected members to be responsible for certain departments as well this Shadow Cabinet Free Vote: on rare occasions, the House of Commons may be open to a free vote, in which case, instead of according to party policy Budget Debate: one of the most important bills put forward by the government (party in power) is the budget if the budget is not passed by parliament, the governing party is considered to have lost and by extension the people of the country and this is also called a Vote of Patronage: a form of for Senate appointments are often considered a form of patronage, which creates doubt Senate Reform/Triple E Senate: because the Senate is, not, many people feel that there should be a change to the way the Senate operates they argue that the Senate should be made,, and Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 5

6 Governor General/Lieutenant Governor: the Head of in our government; a member of the Branch the representative of the Monarch, appointed by the on the recommendation of the the position is largely, but the Governor General must give to each bill before it becomes a law Speech from the Throne: this speech is written by the but delivered by the it lays out the plans the governing party has for the Backbencher/Member of Parliament/Member of the Legislative Assembly: those elected to the federal House of Commons or the provincial Legislative Assembly a backbencher is a member who is not a Steps in Passing a Bill: after being drafted (written) usually by a but sometimes by a backbencher or, a bill (pending law) is given First Reading once the parties have been given the opportunity to, it is given Second Reading, at which time takes place the bill is then sent to the, at which it is more and refined; the committees consist of the bill is then presented for Third Reading, after which a takes place if the bill is passed, it goes to the for the if it is passed in the Senate, it is given to the Governor General for it is very rare for the Senate not to pass a bill, but if this does occur, it is usually Vote of Non-Confidence: in matters considered of great importance, such as budgets, if the governing party is defeated i.e. the law is not passed, it is considered a vote of non-confidence in the government, and the Prime Minister must Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 6

7 Key Vocabulary: Chapter 10: Citizen and Government pp Political Party: a group of people who share a (ideology) parties act as a way of parties are generally thought of being left, centre or right on the political spectrum Party Platform: the and of a particular political party Electoral Process: In Canada, elections must be held However, a Prime Minister can Voter Apathy: Voter apathy is defined as It is reflected in the low percentage of voters who participate in elections. The voter turnout ranges from to percent. Explain how someone who doesn t vote can make the votes of other people more influential. First Past the Post System: the electoral system in place in Canada (federally, provincially and municipally) the winner must win, not necessarily the of the votes cast Proportional Representation: an electoral system in which the number of seats a party wins is Majority Government: is formed when the governing party has it is to pass laws, since even if, it can still be passed Minority Government: is formed when the governing party has more seats, but fewer than of the seats in Parliament or the Legislature it is more difficult to pass laws, since Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 7

8 Explain how it is possible for a government to have a majority of the seats with only a minority of the votes. Pressure Groups/Lobbyists: groups who wish to o institutionalized: those who are well established and have formal organizations i.e. Greenpeace, Sierra Club, Amnesty International o issue-oriented: those formed to accomplish certain aims, then disband after they have accomplished them some lobbyists are paid in order to represent their views they are often professionals with a great deal of knowledge on the particular subject Explain how lobbyists and pressure groups can negatively affect democracy. Mass Media: The mass media include They are the chief methods of They are able to influence government policies by Media Concentration: Media concentration means that It can be dangerous to democracy because Civil Disobedience: the act of one considers unjust it must it should be directed it must include a Social Studies 11 Government Unit Test Review (B) 8