Municipal Energy Planning and Energy Efficiency
|
|
- Cory Rodgers
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Municipal Energy Planning and Energy Efficiency Jenny Nilsson, Linköping University Anders Mårtensson, Linköping University ABSTRACT Swedish law requires local authorities to have a municipal energy plan. Each municipal government is required to prepare and maintain a plan for the supply, distribution, and use of energy. Whether the municipal energy plans have contributed to or preferably controlled the development of local energy systems is unclear. In the research project Strategic Environmental Assessment of Local Energy Systems, financed by the Swedish National Energy Administration, the municipal energy plan as a tool for controlling energy use and the efficiency of the local energy system is studied. In an introductory study, twelve municipal energy plans for the county of Östergötland in southern Sweden have been analyzed. This paper presents and discusses results and conclusions regarding municipal strategies for energy efficiency based on the introductory study. Introduction Energy Efficiency and Swedish Municipalities Opportunities for improving the efficiency of Swedish energy systems have been emphasized in several reports such as a recent study made for the Swedish government (SOU 2001). Although work for effective energy use has been carried out in Sweden for 30 years, the calculated remaining potential for energy savings is still high. However, there have been changes in the energy system. For example, industry has slightly increased the total energy use, but their use of oil has been reduced by two-thirds since Meanwhile, the production in the industry has increased by almost 50%. This means that energy efficiency in the industry is much higher today than in the 1970s (Table 1). Table 1. Relative Industrial Production and Energy Use Since 1970 (the 1970 use = index 100) Production Energy use oil electricity Source: SOU The change from oil to electricity can be observed in the building sector as well, but it is not as obvious as in industry. The total amount of energy used in the private sector has been constantly increasing, mostly due to increased use of domestic electricity. Although the population in Sweden has grown and more houses have been built, the energy use for heating has been fairly constant since the 1970s. This means that the efficiency of heating buildings has increased
2 Traditionally, the municipalities have played an important role in the Swedish energy system both as the local energy distributor and as the owner of a large amount of public buildings. The municipality also plays an important role in providing information and giving advice on energy related topics. Although the local authorities are dependent on Swedish law, much of the responsibility for the development of the municipal energy system lies with the municipal government. One of the means for the municipal government to manage the municipal energy system is the municipal energy plan. Swedish Energy Policy and Municipal Energy Planning In Sweden, municipal energy planning has been a part of the energy policy for more than three decades. In 1977, the Swedish government passed a law that required municipalities to develop energy plans (SFS 1977). The law addressed secure supply and distribution of energy, but it was not compulsory. This meant that the municipalities were encouraged, rather than required, to develop an energy plan (Statens Energiverk 1986). After the oil crisis of 1979, a requirement for a complementary municipal oil reduction plan was added (Regeringens Proposition 1981). The law particularly addressed the conversion of local energy systems from oil-based systems to alternative energy sources and more efficient energy technologies. The role of the users as an important part of the energy system was also acknowledged. Municipalities were now required to plan for oil reduction as well as for the supply, the distribution, and the use of energy. Nuclear power was seen as an effective and important replacement for fossil fuels. The new nuclear power plants also provided the opportunity for increased use of cheap energy. In the mid-1980s, the government proposed a new bill (Regeringens Proposition 1985) that attempted to minimize oil dependence but the requirement of a separate oil reduction plan was removed. The preparation for the phase-out of nuclear power also played an important role. The goal was still to encourage efficient use of alternative energy resources. The alternatives were specified as lasting, renewable energy sources. Another goal in this bill was to clarify that planning was a tool for the municipality and not the state. Therefore, integration of energy planning into the municipalities overall planning process was requested. In 1997, the government proposed yet another energy bill that reflected a new energy policy. The objectives were clear: the Swedish energy system was to be based on effective energy use and energy supply with low impact on people s health, the environment, and the climate. This would include the phase-out of nuclear energy and the introduction of more renewable energy sources. Over the past three decades, laws that address municipal energy planning have been debated mainly because of their lack of strict directions or sanctions. The law has also been criticized in view of the fact that other circumstances have a much greater influence on the decision-making in municipalities than an energy plan (RRV 1991). For example, the national energy policy with respect to subsidies or taxes can dramatically change the conditions for a municipality (Olerup 2000). Even though the law has been criticized, there is still support for municipal energy planning. For example, the energy plan is considered an important guide used by local authorities when making decisions about expanding district heating. It also serves as a framework for municipalities developing waste disposal plans when waste is to be used for producing energy (Johansson 2001).
3 Objectives and Methods The research project Strategic Environmental Assessment of Local Energy Systems is a part of a national research program that deals with emissions and air quality. The research is focused on municipal energy plans as a tool for controlling the development of a local energy system. This paper is based on an introductory study in which 12 municipal energy plans in Östergötland County in southern Sweden were analyzed. The county includes relatively large municipalities with large industries, widespread agriculture, and advanced centralized energy systems. Smaller municipalities in the county base their economy on agriculture and forestry or large industries (Table 2). The focus is energy efficiency in municipal energy planning. How energy use and efficiency is dealt with in the plans, measures for managing the municipal energy systems, goals for energy efficiency, and how the goals are meant to be achieved, are analyzed. Table 2. Municipalities Studied and Their Main Business, Public Service (Schools, Hospitals etc.) Excluded Municipality Inhabitants Main Business Åtvidaberg 12,000 Manufacturing industry Boxholm 6,000 Steel and wood industry Finspång 22,000 Manufacturing industry Kinda 10,000 Manufacturing industry, agriculture Linköping 133,000 Manufacturing and high-tech industry, agriculture Mjölby 25,000 Manufacturing, food and steel industry Motala 42,000 Manufacturing industry Norrköping 122,000 Manufacturing industry, paper mills Ödeshög 6,000 Manufacturing and building industry, agriculture Söderköping 14,000 Manufacturing and building industry, agriculture Vadstena 8,000 Manufacturing industry, agriculture Valdemarsvik 9,000 Manufacturing Industry, agriculture Ydre 4,000 Manufacturing Industry, agriculture The plans have been analyzed using a number of questions to categorize the contents. The questions are based on a number of categories that consider different aspects of the energy plans. This paper is based on three question categories that specifically address energy efficiency. The first category, Energy system characteristics, analyzes the status of the energy system as it is presented in the plan. Here some indications on how the municipal energy systems have evolved over time can be seen. From this category, the analysis in this paper is based on the present energy use described in the plans and the visions for future energy use and energy efficiency. The second category, Goals for the energy sector, studies the municipalities future energy system strategy. In this paper, the description of goals regarding energy efficiency is analyzed. The third category, Political measures, studies how different political measures are handled in the plans. The focus in this paper is how the municipality will work to promote energy efficiency in the private and the public sector using measures such as advisory or integration of energy efficiency in the spatial planning process.
4 Results The status of energy plans varies widely between the municipalities. In one case, no plan has been issued at all. In other municipalities the plan has been regularly updated and revised. The planning processes have also differed. In some municipalities, civil servants have administrated the planning process. In others, external consultants have been responsible for the energy plan. The contents of the plans are also largely different because the plans are written at different times and therefore are based on different national energy policies. The level of ambition the municipalities demonstrate in their plans is also variable. In some municipalities, in particular the larger ones, the plans contain scenarios and analyses of environmental impacts. In others, mainly the ones with older plans, the plans are descriptive rather than analytical and contain a large amount of information summarized in charts and tables. Use of Energy in the Municipalities It seems that the parts of the plans that deal with the present energy system in a municipality and energy use have been the part taken most seriously by the planners. Almost all plans contain information about energy use and the present types of fuels used for buildings (public and private) and for industry. In general, the older plans are dominated by a quantitative description of the energy system. The plans issued after 1990 contain a more qualitative analysis on the use of energy. A summary of the energy use described in the plans is listed in Table 3. Table 3. Energy Use Described in the Municipal Energy Plans in Three Time Periods Plans Describing Systems containing Older Middle-Aged Newer Fossil fuels for heating buildings Fossil fuels in industry Electricity for heating buildings Biomass used in industry Biomass used for heating small houses Heat pumps used for heating small houses District heating for private and public buildings Industrial use of energy is a large part of some municipalities energy use, but the plans do not contain detailed information on the industrial energy use or types of fuels used in the industry sector. Because only one plan from each municipality is studied, exact figures on how energy use has changed over time are not available. In the newer plans, however, there are indications that energy use has decreased since the 1970s. Future energy use. All the municipal energy plans contain some kind of goals or visions for the future energy system. The goals differ with the time of origin of the plan (Table 4). In the plans from the initial period of energy planning, the goals are mainly focused on oil reduction. In the newer plans, some new ideas are present: environmental motives for energy saving and the desire to decrease energy use in industry. The latter, however, is not mentioned in the municipality with the largest and most energy-intense industry. In two
5 plans, energy efficiency is addressed with caution. One plan addresses energy efficiency in buildings and compares this with expansion of district heating. The other plan notes that saving energy in Sweden is a waste of money and that better results could be achieved in Eastern Europe. Table 4. Goals for Energy use Described in the Municipal Energy Plans in Three Time Periods Goals Described in Plans Older Middle-Aged Newer Oil reduction Energy efficiency in buildings Use of heat pumps District heating Reduced emissions Optimization Sustainable development Renewable energy Energy Efficiency in the Municipalities Goals for efficiency. The goals for energy efficiency in the plans are generally vague; however, older plans are generally more ambitious. In the newer plans, goals aim for a net decrease of energy used in the municipality. What is new in these plans is also a clearly stated aspiration for reduced energy use in the industrial sector. A summary of different goals for energy efficiency stated in the plans is presented in Table 5. Table 5. Energy Efficiency Issues in the Municipal Energy Plans in Three Time Periods Plans Containing Goals for Older Middle-Aged Newer Efficiency in buildings 25% reduction goal Expected increase in energy use Even use over 24 hours Visionary goals Decreased industrial energy use Efficiency in the whole energy system Reaching energy efficiency goals. Municipal governments can take several measures to move their energy system onto the desirable track. Advisory, charges, local subsidies, and spatial planning are some of them. The means to reach the goals for energy efficiency mentioned in the plans are listed in Table 6. Lowered indoor temperatures, improved insulation, and more efficient operation of heating systems in buildings were seen as great potentials in the 1970s and early 1980s; a reduction of indoor temperature of one degree Celsius would mean a saving potential of 5%. Building insulation in the 1950s and 1960s was poor, and sophisticated controls of the building heating systems were rare.
6 Table 6. Technical and Political Measures for Reaching Efficiency Measures Older Middle-Aged Newer Optimization of building heating systems Lowered indoor temperature Improved insulation Individual measurement of energy use Efficient equipment and appliances Indicators for energy use in buildings Energy advising Energy issues in the over all planning process In the newer plans, the measures for reaching the efficiency goals are different. For example, energy efficient kitchen appliances or household equipment play an important role. In addition, ideas about using key indicators to benchmark energy use in public buildings are discussed. The indicators would make it easier to compare energy use in different buildings. The idea of individually measured energy has been present as a means to reduce energy use in apartment houses for the whole time period. Despite this, any examples of the practice have not been observed in the plans. Most of the municipalities have planned for a municipal energy adviser. About half of the municipalities appoint their own civil servants, two have given the responsibility to the local energy supplier (i.e., the energy company owned by the municipality), and one plans to hire a consultant. The planned role of the energy adviser differs over time. The older plans address energy in general and energy savings. In the newer plans, the role has widened to include energy related environmental issues and economic issues. The energy advisor role seems to have evolved more to informing homeowners about subsidies and taxes, but the technical advisory on energy saving is still important. The overall planning is a way for the municipality to control the development of the local energy system. For example, the municipality possesses means for optimization of the location of a new residential area with respect to solar or wind conditions. The municipality can also decide on standards for efficiency in buildings or the nature of the heating system in the area. The relation between the energy plans and spatial planning in the municipality has varied, and has, in fact, been more detailed in the older plans. Discussion Why is there an absence of efficiency improvement and why are the goals in the plans more vague in the newer plans? One explanation for the vague goals may be that the municipalities have realized that the ambitious goals for energy saving of the late 1970s were hard to reach and are now more careful when stating their goals. The absence of efficiency improvement is no new phenomenon. This can be called the efficiency gap. There are some explanations for this efficiency gap, which are applicable to Swedish municipalities, which are referred to as barriers to energy efficiency (Eyre 1997). One example is the so called information barrier. The municipality owns the energy company that serves the municipality. Why would they make the inhabitants buy less energy? This was in fact mentioned in one of the plans, where weighing energy saving against expansion of the district heating system was brought up. Another example is the
7 Separation of costs and benefit barrier : costs and benefits do not fall on the same individuals. The municipality owns many buildings and pays for the energy used, the rent is not affected whether the tenant saves energy or not. Therefore, there are no incentives for energy saving. In addition, there are other possible explanations for the absence of results from the planned efficiency improvement: kitchen and household appliances have long life spans and therefore measures do not show up instantly. There has been a tendency to overrate the willingness to replace equipment or windows or to improve insulation (SOU 2001). This paper is based on an introductory study that reviews municipal energy plans. Therefore, no analysis about if or how the municipal energy plans have played a role in the development of municipal energy systems can be made. Further research is now carried out within this research project. Municipalities with an energy plan approved by municipal governments between 1995 and 1998 are studied. Goals stated in the plans are compared with the actual development of the municipal energy systems. The results from this study are estimated to be available in spring Conclusions From the results of this study, some conclusions can be drawn about energy plans in Östergötland County: Quality of the energy plans varies widely. The status of energy plans varies and the planning processes differ. The contents of the plans are also largely different because the plans are written at different times and therefore are based on different national energy policies. Level of ambition differs between the plans. In some municipalities, the planning has subordinated other factors affecting the local energy system. In some municipalities, energy planning seems to have played an important role in the strategic planning for the municipality. Contents of the plans are consistent with the Swedish energy policies since the 1970s. The industrial energy use is not often mentioned in the energy plans Intentions for the future energy systems are clear regardless of the time the plans were written: the objective is greater energy efficiency, reduced oil use, and increased renewable energy use. In the older plans, the goals for the energy systems are more ambitious and in the newer plans, the goals are more visionary. The goals do not reflect the present energy saving potential that is mentioned in the introduction. Most of the municipalities have planned for a municipal energy adviser. The advisory role has widened from mostly technical advice to advice on subsidies, taxes, and environmental issues. The relation between the energy plans and spatial planning in the municipality has varied, and has been more detailed in the older plans
8 References Eyre, N Barriers to energy efficiency: more than just a market failure. Energy & Environment 8 (1): Johansson, B. ed Effektiv energiplanering för ett hållbart samhälle (Efficient energy planning for a sustainable society). Stockholm, Sweden: Formas. Olerup, B Scale and scope in municipal energy planning in Sweden. Journal of Environmental Planning & Management 43 (2): Regeringens Proposition (Governmental Proposal) Riktlinjer för energipolitiken (Guidelines for the energy policy). 1980/81:90. Stockholm, Sweden: Regeringskansliet. Regeringens Proposition (Governmental Proposal) Utvecklad kommunal energiplanering m m (Developed municipal energy planning etc.). 1984/85:5. Stockholm, Sweden: Regeringskansliet. Riksrevisionsverket (Swedish National Audit Office) Kommunal energiplanering, Revisionspromemoria (Municipal energy planning, audit memorandum). Stockholm, Sweden: Riksrevisionsverket. SFS (Swedish Statute Book) Lag om kommunal energiplanering (Municipal Energy Planning Act). 1977:439. Stockholm, Sweden. Statens energiverk (Swedish National Energy Agency) Kommunernas energiplanering, en uppföljning av 1985 års lagändring (Municipal energy planning, follow-up on the 1985-year-amendment), Stockholm, Sweden: Allmänna Förlaget. Statens offentliga utredningar, SOU (State s Public Investigations) Effektiv hushållning med naturresurser (Efficient economizing with natural resources). SOU 2001:2. Stockholm, Sweden.
Greenhouse gas abatement potential in Israel
Greenhouse gas abatement potential in Israel Israel s GHG abatement cost curve Translated executive summary, November 2009 1 Executive Summary Background At the December 2009 UNFCCC Conference in Copenhagen,
More informationOUTLOOK FOR NATURAL GAS IN EUROPE
6th German-Norwegian Energy Conference OUTLOOK FOR NATURAL GAS IN EUROPE Dr. Berit Tennbakk, Partner, RETROSPECT FALLING AND CONVERGING GAS PRICES HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT MAIN DRIVERS Financial crisis Fukushima
More informationDANISH DISTRICT ENERGY PLANNING EXPERIENCE
MOWAT ENERGY, A RESEARCH HUB AT THE MOWAT CENTRE, AT THE REQUEST OF THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF ENERGY FUTURE INNOVATION IN ENERGY PLANNING: A SPECIAL SESSION TO ADVISE ON ONTARIO S LONG-TERM ENERGY FUTURE
More informationA sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability
2009-02-05 A sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability The party leaders of Alliance for Sweden entered into an agreement today on a long-term,
More informationEconomic Instruments in Practice 1: Carbon Tax in Sweden
Economic Instruments in Practice 1: Carbon Tax in Sweden Bengt Johansson, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 1) Abstract-In 1991 a carbon tax was introduced in Sweden as a complement to the existing
More informationDanish Energy Model RE Policy Tools MAIN Asian Dialog, Bali January 20-22 2014. Mr. Henrik Breum Special Advisor
Danish Energy Model RE Policy Tools MAIN Asian Dialog, Bali January 20-22 2014 Mr. Henrik Breum Special Advisor Agenda Danish Energy Model RE Policy Tools Introduction The Danish Energy Model Past, now
More informationSweden Energy efficiency report
Sweden Energy efficiency report Objectives: o 41 TWh of end use energy savings in 216 o 2 reduction in total energy intensity by 22 Overview - (%/year) Primary intensity (EU=1)¹ 124 - -1.8% + CO 2 intensity
More informationVision of Jämtland and Trøndelag A living laboratory as a fossil free region
Vision of Jämtland and Trøndelag A living laboratory as a fossil free region Jiehong Kong SINTEF Energy Research Teknologi for et bedre samfunn 1 Introduction SINTEF Energy Research Electric Power Systems
More informationEVALUATION OF THE LOCAL ENERGY ADVICE PROGRAMME IN SWEDEN
EVALUATION OF THE LOCAL ENERGY ADVICE PROGRAMME IN SWEDEN W I T H I N T H E FRAMEWORK OF THE AID-EE PROJECT Jamil Khan Date April 06 Project executed within the framework of the Energy Intelligence for
More informationRenewable Choice Energy
Catawba College Table of Contents About Renewable Choice The Problem: Electricity Production Today The Solutions: Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) Who can participate in Renewable
More informationState Clean Energy Fund Support for Renewable Energy Projects
State Clean Energy Fund Support for Renewable Energy Projects Key Findings from the 2009 CESA National Database Project Deployment Results from State Renewable Energy Program Activities: 2009 Annual and
More information(06.10.2011) Matjaž Grmek, ApE
Study Tour Slovenia (06.10.2011) Matjaž Grmek, ApE 1 Location We visited 3 locations: 1.1 Vransko Innovation Centre and district heating system Energetika Vransko 1.2 Biogas plant Organica nova and research
More informationThe Norwegian bioenergy sector
The Norwegian bioenergy sector plans, policies and market opportunities Oslo 26.10.2009 Cato Kjølstad, Managing Director Norwegian Bioenergy Association 1 NOBIOs BUSINESS MEMBERS COMMERCIAL BIOENERGY PRODUCTS
More informationEnergy Efficiency Agreement between the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Municipality of (2008 2016)
Dnro 7202/804/2008 Unofficial translation Energy Efficiency Agreement between the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Municipality of (2008 2016) 1 The starting points and grounds for the agreement
More informationCHARCOAL PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN KENYA. Robert Pavel Oimeke Ag. Director Renewable Energy Energy Regulatory Commission, Kenya
CHARCOAL PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN KENYA Robert Pavel Oimeke Ag. Director Renewable Energy Energy Regulatory Commission, Kenya Joint UN Habitat / IRENA workshop: Renewables for Growing Cities
More informationAnalysis of the EU Renewable Directive by a TIMES-Norway
Analysis of the EU Renewable Directive by a TIMES-Norway NorRen Summer School Arne Lind Institute for Energy Technology 07.08.2012 Outline The EU Renewable Directive (RES) Definition Targets Implications
More informationFULL SOLAR SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES - THE EXAMPLE JAPAN
FULL SOLAR SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES - THE EXAMPLE JAPAN Dr. Harry Lehmann 1 It has long been known that to protect people and the environment from both nuclear risks and dangerous levels of climate
More informationGermany Energy efficiency report
Germany Energy efficiency report Objectives: 231 TWh of end-user energy savings by 216 Overview 29 2-29 (% / year) Primary intensity (EU=1) 1 99 + -1.3% - CO 2 intensity (EU=1) 16 - -1.6% - CO 2 emissions
More informationCountry Report, SWEDEN
Country Report, SWEDEN Bo Hektor 1 & Erik Ling 2 1. Talloil AB, Klarabergsviadukten 70, D7, SE 111 64 Stockholm, Sweden, +46 70 6570043, Bo.Hektor@talloil.se 2. Sveaskog AB, 105 22 Stockholm, Sweden, +46
More informationA Citizen s Movement for a Sustainable Future in Uppsala
A Citizen s Movement for a Sustainable Future in Uppsala The Case In Uppsala, Sweden, different local actors have gathered in an attempt to positively influence the city s 0 development and create a more
More informationDistributed Generation: Frequently Asked Questions
Distributed Generation: Frequently Asked Questions 1) What is distributed generation (DG)? Generating technologies located close to where the electricity is being used that are connected to the electric
More informationE n e rgy Services at Stockholm Energ i
Panel 1 - ID 6 - p1 E n e rgy Services at Stockholm Energ i Brita Olerup, Royal Institute of Technology and Anders Lindén, Birka Teknik & Miljö AB 1. Synopsis In a deregulated market a utility has to diversify
More informationMultiple sources of energy will be available, giving the consumer choices. A Higher Percentage of Energy will come from renewable energy sources
Editor s comments: Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of duplicate or extremely similar comments made. The headings are editor s best attempt to draft vision statements reflecting the participants
More informationenergy [r]evolution A Sustainable World Energy Outlook
energy [r]evolution A Sustainable World Energy Outlook Wolfram Krewitt 1th Annual Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Expo June 14, 27 Washington Folie 1 > Vortrag > Autor It is not important to predict
More informationThe Morningstar Sustainable Investing Handbook
The Morningstar Sustainable Investing Handbook Dear Investor, I founded Morningstar in 1984 because I wanted to make high-quality investment information available to everyday investors to help inform their
More informationGREEN COMFORT FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES. www.ecoheat4cities.eu
GREEN COMFORT FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES www.ecoheat4cities.eu 1 Isn t it time to talk about green heat for your community? We have a solution for you! More and more communities formulate climate protection,
More informationSmart Cities. Integrated approach for innovative technologies. 2nd Annual Conference of the ETP on. Budapest, 6th May 2011
Smart Cities Integrated approach for innovative technologies 2nd Annual Conference of the ETP on Renewable Heating and Cooling Budapest, 6th May 2011 Brigitte Bach, AIT Energy Department Low Carbon Economy
More informationClimate Commitments and Planning Actions in the City of Helsinki
Climate Commitments and Planning Actions in the City of Helsinki NOWA ENERGIA Smart Grid - Smart City Bielsko-Biała 13.9.2011 Katri Kuusinen Topics of the presentation Facts about Helsinki Energy Efficiency
More informationInternational Solar Energy Arena January 23rd, 2009, Istanbul STEAM (Strategic Technical Economic Research Center)
International Solar Energy Arena January 23rd, 2009, Istanbul STEAM (Strategic Technical Economic Research Center) Good morning. Sayin Bakanım. Members of Parliament. Ladies and Gentlemen. Slide 1: Opening
More informationPlease address your inquiries to balances@iea.org.
Excerpt from: ii - EXCERPT FROM ENERGY BALANCES OF OECD COUNTRIES (215 edition) The following analysis is an excerpt from the publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries (215 edition). Please note that
More informationGet more from your hot water
Get more from your hot water 3 action sheet Whether you re choosing a new hot water system or using the one you already have, there are some easy ways to reduce your energy use without compromising on
More informationSmart grid promotion policy and activity in Sweden Sweden day, October 23, Smart City Week 2013
Smart grid promotion policy and activity in Sweden Sweden day, October 23, Smart City Week 2013 Karin Widegren, Director Swedish Coordination Council for Smart Grid Outline of presentation Who we are -
More informationNEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNIT IN FINLAND ACCEPTED BY THE FINNISH PARLIAMENT
International Conference Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2002 Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, September 9-12, 2002 www.drustvo-js.si/gora2002 NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNIT IN FINLAND ACCEPTED BY THE FINNISH PARLIAMENT
More informationPOSITION PAPER KEY MESSAGES
POSITION PAPER RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING AND EU SECURITY OF SUPPLY: SAVE OVER 20 BILLION EURO ANNUALLY IN REDUCED FOSSIL FUEL IMPORTS KEY MESSAGES 21 st May 2014 THE CURRENT SECURITY OF SUPPLY
More informationConclusions. Towards a green economy
Conclusions Towards a green economy Conclusions Moving towards a green economy has the potential to achieve sustainable development and eradicate poverty on an unprecedented scale, with speed and effectiveness.
More informationEconomic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change
14 Economic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change Who is primarily responsible for creating the risk of global climate change? 78 Since the industrial revolution, economic development has been
More informationSolar urban planning. The National state of the art in Sweden
Solar urban planning The National state of the art in Sweden Entity Lund University Developers Elisabeth Kjellsson Date 2009-11-15 1 INDICE Solar urban planning...1 1. Political, Legal and economic framework...3
More informationGrants for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Projects in Schools March 2010 Update
Grants for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Projects in Schools March 2010 Update If your school is considering introducing micro regeneration technologies the following contacts may be of use to fund
More informationOvercoming the First Cost Barrier to Ground Source Heat Pump Technology: The Utility Ground Loop Service Provider Concept
Overcoming the First Cost Barrier to Ground Source Heat Pump Technology: The Utility Ground Loop Service Provider Concept 1 Overcoming the First Cost Barrier to Ground Source Heat Pump Technology: The
More informationSustainable development in the Mid Nordic regional capitals reporting and measuring the state of the environment
Extended English summary, Laura Saikku Sustainable development in the Mid Nordic regional capitals reporting and measuring the state of the environment Introduction The Mid-Nordic Region reaches from the
More informationFinancing Micro-generation: Some Options for the Future
Financing Micro-generation: Some Options for the Future Dr. Jim Watson Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research & SPRU, University of Sussex, UK New Challenges for Energy Decision Makers 26th Annual
More informationEco Fund s Financial Incentives for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Eco Fund s Financial Incentives for Energy Efficiency in Buildings Alma Bijedić, Advisor to Eco Fund EPEC EE Workshop: Energy efficiency in Slovenia, Ljubljana 2013 About Eco Fund, Slovenian Environmental
More informationEnergy [R]evolution vs. IEA World Energy Outlook scenario
Energy [R]evolution vs. IEA World Energy Outlook scenario New set of scenarios takes climate crisis into account World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2008 for the first time takes the climate crisis really into
More informationEnergy Efficiency trends and policies
Energy Efficiency trends and policies in Denmark Copenhagen, January 2016 Date: January 2016 Energy Efficiency Trends and Policies in Denmark 1 Contact person: Jane Rusbjerg; JRU@ens.dk Signe Marie Enghave;
More informationReasons for the drop of Swedish electricity prices
Reasons for the drop of Swedish electricity prices Project for Svensk Energi Dr. Lion Hirth Neon Neue Energieökonomik GmbH Karl-Marx-Platz 12, 12043 Berlin, Germany hirth@neon-energie.de Summary report
More informationThe city of Malmö, Sweden
The city of Malmö, Sweden 1. Introduction Malmö is a municipality of 280 000 inhabitants located in Southern Sweden. It is the third largest city in Sweden. It developed from a garrison town in the late
More informationLinköping University Post Print. Development of sustainable energy systems in Swedish municipalities: A matter of path dependency and power relations
Linköping University Post Print Development of sustainable energy systems in Swedish municipalities: A matter of path dependency and power relations Jenny Palm N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original
More informationNetherlands National Energy Outlook 2014
Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary Michiel Hekkenberg (ECN) Martijn Verdonk (PBL) (project coordinators) February 2015 ECN-E --15-005 Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary 2 The
More informationPEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT 2013/2014
2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 Carbon emissions (kgco2) Page 1 PEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT 2013/2014 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationAuthor: Sirje Padam, WSP Sweden and Tallinn University of Technology
Challenges of SEA in regional planning in Sweden Author: Sirje Padam, WSP Sweden and Tallinn University of Technology E-mail: sirje.padam@wspgroup.se 1. Introduction Swedish counties are obliged to have
More informationEnvironmental Programme. for the City of Malmö 2009 2020
Environmental Programme for the City of Malmö 2009 2020 We Take on the Challenge: Malmö will be the Best City in the World for Sustainable Urban Development by 2020 Malmö has more than a decade of progressive
More informationPERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE ECO-DEVELOPMENT
82 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE ECO-DEVELOPMENT Mariana Claudia Mungiu-Pupăzan Abstract Environment and, in particular, the problem of global warming and responsible management of energy resources is
More informationPressure on Energy Prices
Energy & Utilities Pressure on Energy Prices Successful Responses for Utilities Contents Executive summary... 1 A realistic perspective... 2 Effective responses... 3 A next step... 4 Contacts... 5 Cover
More informationANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
June 28, 1999 ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION A few months ago in the FY 2000 budget the President proposed a $3.6 billion
More informationSUSTAINABLE ENERGY BLUEPRINT
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY BLUEPRINT A PLAUSIBLE STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING A NO-NUCLEAR, LOW- CARBON, HIGHLY-EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE The following statement outlines an ambitious but doable strategy
More informationDriving Industrial Energy Efficiency Through Energy Tax Rebates
Industrial Energy Efficiency Driving Industrial Energy Efficiency Through Energy Tax Rebates Payoff for Efficiency Sweden s rebate program encourages voluntary energy efficiency improvements No Swedish
More informationMacro-economic impact of Renewable Energy Production in Belgium. 21 October 2014
Macro-economic impact of Renewable Energy Production in Belgium 21 October 2014 Context and objectives of the study Renewable energy deployment among key solutions for meeting energy challenges to be addressed
More informationBaseline Paper turned in June 2011 Revised DATE
Table of contents Analysis of energy context Sweden... 3 1 Energy infrastructure... 3 2 Organisations and markets... 6 3 Built environment... 9 4 Government... 9 5 Governance instruments... 9 6 Economic,
More informationImplications of Abundant Natural Gas
Implications of Abundant Natural Gas JAE EDMONDS AND HAEWON MCJEON APRIL 2013 May 29, 2013 1 Background May 29, 2013 2 The natural gas revolution The application of technologies for accessing unconventional
More informationTracing Back the Smog:
Tracing Back the Smog: Source Analysis and Control Strategies for PM2.5 Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Executive Summary Severe air pollution and its associated health impacts have become of major
More informationBioenergy in Norway will double within 2020
Bioenergy in Norway will double within 2020 (or will Bioenergy in Norway double within 2020?) Cato Kjølstad, Managing Director Norwegian Bioenergy Association The Norwegian Bioenergy Association - facts
More informationFact Sheet on China s energy sector and Danish solutions
Fact Sheet on China s energy sector and Danish solutions 1. EXPANSION WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY: China focuses on a massive expansion with non fossil energy that is renewable energy and nuclear energy. The
More informationEconomic Planning in China by Gregory C. Chow, Princeton University CEPS Working Paper No. 219 June 2011
Economic Planning in China by Gregory C. Chow, Princeton University CEPS Working Paper No. 219 June 2011 Economic Planning in China Gregory C. Chow This paper provides an up-to-date study of economic planning
More informationNUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION. Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION Submission on Issues Paper 3: Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities 3.8 What issues should be considered in
More informationEnergy Performance Certificate three steps towards benefits
Energy Performance Certificate three steps towards benefits Why Energy Performance Certificate? The overall purpose of energy performance certification of buildings is to be economical with energy and
More informationCase Study. Mainstreaming Energy in Sustainable Development in Växjö, Sweden
Case Study Mainstreaming Energy in Sustainable Development in Växjö, Sweden This case study has been developed during the SusCom project, funded by the European Commission s Directorate-General for Energy
More informationInnovation, entrepreneurism and sustainability spur Stockholm. staying. People are coming from other parts of Sweden, and other countries.
New York s bike sharing program wins a Nordic nod of approval. Innovation, entrepreneurism and sustainability spur Stockholm according to deputy mayor Ulla Hamilton Deputy mayor for entrepreneurism, labor
More informationQuantifying the energy and carbon effects of water saving summary report
Quantifying the energy and carbon effects of water saving summary report Domestic water use in the UK is around 150 litres per person per day. Taking water from the environment, treating it, distributing
More informationLow temperatures provide a poor increase in energy consumption. Decreasing economy lessens energy demand / Renewables continue to grow
Low temperatures provide a poor increase in energy consumption Decreasing economy lessens energy demand / Renewables continue to grow Berlin/Cologne (19 December 2012) - Energy consumption in Germany in
More informationEnergy Efficiency and Smart Cities in Germany Status & Perspectives
Energy Efficiency and Smart Cities in Germany Status & Perspectives August 27th, 2013, Chicago/USA Dr. Hartmut Grewe, energiewaechter GmbH, by order of Energy Efficiency Export Initiative sponsored by
More informationEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources in Sweden
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources in Sweden Swedish Energy Agency www.stem.se Yelena Varasteh yelena.varasteh@stem.se Slovakia, 24-25 April 2006 Total energy supply in Sweden in 2004 Total
More informationSaving energy, growing jobs
Saving energy, growing jobs Victoria s energy efficiency and productivity statement June 2015 Contents Minister s foreword 1 Why energy efficiency matters for Victorians 2 Our plan for energy efficiency
More informationKirklees Council Solar PV Projects
Kirklees Council Solar PV Projects Kirklees Council is the local governing body for an area of 253 km 2 in northern England consisting of the towns of Huddersfield, Batley and Dewsbury and surrounding
More informationA Cheaper Renewable Alternative for Belarus
A Cheaper Renewable Alternative for Belarus Issue paper from INFORSE-Europe 1, by Gunnar Boye Olesen, July 2011 Summary Following the increasing fossil energy prices, the country of Belarus is struggling
More informationFramework Agreement on the Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Industries
18/804/2007 Unofficial translation Framework Agreement on the Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Industries 1 Parties The parties to this Energy Efficiency Agreement on the Improvement of Energy Efficiency
More informationGEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN MAINE
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN MAINE Executive Summary FACTS RELATIVE TO GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN MAINE: 1) Geothermal heat pumps provide a true & tried cost-effective heating solution, which has been used
More informationChanges in Educational Spending in Kentucky Since KERA and HB1
Changes in Educational Spending in Kentucky Since KERA and HB1 Kenneth R. Troske The decade of the 1990s saw major new legislation in Kentucky designed to improve public schooling in the state the Kentucky
More informationDistrict Heating & Cooling
District Heating & Cooling a VISION towards 2020 2030-2050 Vision by the DHC+ Technology Platform Steering Committee Presented by: M.Sc. Jan Eric Thorsen Senior Project Manager Danfoss District i t Heating
More informationEuropean Energy Efficiency Policy and the ESCO market: the Case of Sweden
European Energy Efficiency Policy and the ESCO market: the Case of Sweden Professor Lars J. Nilsson, Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Sweden Ph. D candidate Christian Stenqvist,
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF INDIA S ENERGY SECTOR
AN OVERVIEW OF INDIA S ENERGY SECTOR India is the world s eleventh largest economy by nominal GDP and fourth largest by Purchasing Power Parity. The eleventh five year plan of India s Planning Commission
More informationReducing Carbon Pollution in D.C s Renewable Portfolio Standard Will Clean the Air without Impacting Ratepayers. Frequently Asked Questions
Reducing Carbon Pollution in D.C s Renewable Portfolio Standard Will Clean the Air without Impacting Ratepayers Summary: Frequently Asked Questions While Mid-Atlantic States like Delaware and New Jersey
More informationCRS Report Summaries WORKING DRAFT
CRS Report Summaries R40147 Green Buildings This is a definition and analysis of the cost and benefits of green buildings. It also cites agencies and laws that encourage the building of environmentally
More informationSmart Cities. Smart partners in tomorrow s cities
DNV KEMA serving the energy industry Smart Cities Smart partners in tomorrow s cities Experience, knowledge and advanced methods & tools for smart city planning and implementation 02 I DNV KEMA SERVING
More informationGreen or black windpower? Salzburg 30 August 2011
Green or black windpower? Salzburg 30 August 2011 Frede Hvelplund Aalborg Universitet Department of Development and Planning Ownership and marketconstruction I. Ownership construction ( Ownership for efficient
More informationEVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AS HEAT SOURCE OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN TIANJIN, CHINA
EVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AS HEAT SOURCE OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN TIANJIN, CHINA Jingyu Zhang, Xiaoti Jiang, Jun Zhou, and Jiangxiong Song Tianjin University, North China Municipal Engineering
More informationWhich floret of broccoli would you choose?
Which floret of broccoli would you choose? Thomas Angervall Britta Florén Friederike Ziegler November 2006 A study carried out by SIK for the Stockholm Consumer Co-operative Society. For more information:
More informationREDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PEAK POWER IN BELGIUM
REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PEAK POWER IN BELGIUM With the support of: info@3e.eu www.3e.eu PRESENTATION CONTENT Outline Objective Background Energy efficiency: examples in 3 sectors Residential: electric
More informationEnergy Consumption Increases Slightly in 2015. Renewables Continue to Grow / Advantages Due to Weather, Economic Trend, and Immigration
Nro 06 2015 Energy Consumption Increases Slightly in 2015 Renewables Continue to Grow / Advantages Due to Weather, Economic Trend, and Immigration Berlin/Cologne (December 21, 2015) In 2015, energy consumption
More informationBUYER S GUIDE. The Unified Communications Buyer s Guide to Picking the Right Cloud Telephony Solution
BUYER S GUIDE The Unified Communications Buyer s Guide to Picking the Right Cloud Telephony Solution There s no better time for a business to embrace unified communications solutions. Actually, that s
More informationClean Energy Jobs Plan
Clean Energy Jobs Plan Introduction When I was governor, California was the world leader in renewable energy and it led the nation in efficiency standards. Our programs saved California consumers billions
More informationGermany's energy transition: Status quo and Challenges.
Ulrich Benterbusch Germany's energy transition: Status quo and Challenges. 2 nd Session Group of Experts on Renewable Energy, UNECE, Geneva 1 Agenda. Energy transition: Status quo and official goals. German
More informationWhat is the target market for EEM? The target market is 20-year old homes or older located in lower-income communities.
Smart Communities Extreme Energy Makeovers FAQs Topics Goals... 1 Terminology... 2 Project Team... 2 Community... 4 Participant Eligibility... 4 Funding and Administration... 5 Technologies... 6 Contractors...
More informationEnterprise-wide approaches to power sector energy efficiency improvements
Enterprise-wide approaches to power sector energy efficiency improvements 7 Décembre 2011 Claude K Nahon Senior Vice President Sustainable Development The Big Bang... Continuing expensive fossil fuels
More informationACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS 2020. The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012
ACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012 The most ambitious energy plan of the world In March 2012 a historic new Energy Agreement was reached in Denmark. The Agreement
More informationEU Heating and Cooling Strategy
EU Heating and Cooling Strategy March 2016 Unit Energy Efficiency DG ENER European Commission EU Strategy for Heating and Cooling One of the actions under the Energy Union Strategic Framework and Roadmap
More informationMaximising recycling rates tackling residuals
September 2002 Briefing Maximising recycling rates tackling residuals Background Friends of the Earth is an international organisation with over 70 member groups across the World. The majority of these
More informationRetrofitting Affordability
report Evaluating New York City s Multifamily Building Energy Data for Savings Opportunities Retrofitting Affordability Report Partners: sustainable energy partnerships Retrofitting November 2015 Affordability
More informationPrepared by the Commission on Environment & Energy
Policy statement Energy efficiency: a world business perspective Prepared by the Commission on Environment & Energy Key messages Energy efficiency is a fundamental element in progress towards a sustainable
More informationWORKSHOP: The roles of wood in green building and green building effects on the forest sector of in the UNECE region.
WORKSHOP: The roles of wood in green building and green building effects on the forest sector of in the UNECE region. Are ENGO s ready to promote the use of wood as the preferred building material? Alison
More informationRENEWABLE OR NOT? ADVANCE PREPARATION MATERIALS
AT A GLANCE RENEWABLE OR NOT? Students learn the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources and discover why sustainable use of natural resources is important. OBJECTIVES Students will: Identify
More information