Name Class Date. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used.

Transcription

1 Assessment Chapter Test B Bacteria and Viruses USING KEY TERMS Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used. antiviral endospore bioremediation antibiotic pathogenic viruses binary fission prokaryote lytic cycle 1. A thick-walled protective spore that contains genetic material and proteins is a(n). VIRs1 2. A biological treatment in which bacteria are used to clean up hazardous wastes and oil spills is. VIRs2 3. A medicine used to kill bacteria is a(n). VIRs2 4. Disease-causing bacteria are called bacteria. VIRs2 5. Organisms that can only reproduce within a host s cells are. VIRs3 6. A type of medicine that stops viruses from reproducing is a(n). VIRs3 UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 7. Which of the following is NOT a common shape of bacteria? VIRs1 a. spirilla b. cocci c. bacilli d. crystal 8. A cell with no nucleus is called a(n) VIRs1 a. prokaryote. b. endospore. c. host. d. eukaryote. Holt Science and Technology 50 Bacteria and Viruses

2 9. The genetic material of the virus is inactive within the host cell during a. the lysogenic cycle. VIRs3 b. bioremediation. c. binary fission. d. the lactic cycle. 10. Which of the following is NOT a common shape of viruses? VIRs3 a. crystal b. cocci c. cylinder d. sphere 11. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about binary fission? a. The cell s DNA is copied before cell division. VIRs1 b. As the cell grows, the loops of DNA become separated. c. The DNA and its copy attach to the inside of the cell membrane. d. The new bacterium is genetically different from the parent bacterium. 12. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about viruses? VIRs3 a. Viruses do not have cytoplasm. b. Viruses obtain nutrients from their hosts cells. c. Viruses contain genetic material. d. Viruses cannot live on their own. 13. Explain how the first plant cell could have evolved with the help of bacteria. VIRs1 14. Describe three ways that bacteria are helpful. VIRs2 15. Explain how the lysogenic cycle differs from the lytic cycle. VIRs3 Holt Science and Technology 51 Bacteria and Viruses

3 CRITICAL THINKING 16. What technological advances have triggered the spread of viruses? Explain your answer. VIRs3 17. Hypothesize why antibiotics can kill bacteria but do not kill viruses. VIRs3 18. If you were a scientist, would you prefer to work with helpful bacteria or harmful bacteria? Explain your answer. VIRs2 Holt Science and Technology 52 Bacteria and Viruses

4 CONCEPT MAPPING 19. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below: VIRs1 decomposers consumers ocean vents swamps Dead Sea heat lovers methane makers dead organisms food they make Bacteria include Archaebacteria Eubacteria a. b. salt lovers found in found in found in c. d. e. f. producers g. which eat which eat which eat h. i. other organisms Holt Science and Technology 53 Bacteria and Viruses

5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE SECTION: VIRUSES 1. H 6. A 2. J 7. F 3. D 8. E 4. I 9. C 5. B 10. G Chapter Test A 1. C 14. C 2. D 15. E 3. B 16. C 4. D 17. A 5. A 18. B 6. A 19. F 7. B 20. D 8. C 21. D 9. B 22. A 10. B 23. C 11. D 24. E 12. A 25. B 13. C Chapter Test B 1. endospore 2. bioremediation 3. antibiotic 4. pathogenic 5. viruses 6. antiviral 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. Answers will vary. Sample answer: The first plant cell could have evolved from bacteria similar to cyanobacteria living inside large cells. Cyanobacteria are bacteria that contain chlorophyll, which is used to produce food through photosynthesis. The bacteria could make food while the cell provided the bacteria with an environment in which to live. Eventually, this combination may have allowed cells to produce food, giving rise to the first plants on Earth. 14. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Decomposers break down nutrients and make them available to all living things. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria consume nitrogen from the air and break it down into a form that can be used by plants. Some bacteria are used to produce antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacteria and other microorganisms that cause diseases. 15. Answers will vary. Sample answer: In the lytic cycle, the virus enters a cell and injects it with its genetic material. The virus s genes reproduce and break out of the cell, killing it. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus puts its genes in a cell, but the genes don t reproduce right away. They stay inactive. Once they reproduce, they begin the lytic cycle. 16. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Technological advances in transportation have triggered the spread of viruses. Airplanes, trains, and cars have allowed viruses to travel in their human hosts, thereby spreading infections to new locations. 17. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Bacteria can feed on a cell s nutrients and viruses cannot. Perhaps an antibiotic makes it impossible for bacteria to eat, and so they die. 18. Answers will vary. Sample answer: I would prefer to work with helpful bacteria, doing things such as cleaning up oil spills or other pollution; or I would prefer working with pathogenic bacteria and finding ways to kill them and cure diseases. 19. a. heat lovers b. methane makers c. ocean vents d. swamps e. Dead Sea f. decomposers g. consumers h. dead organisms i. food they make Holt Science and Technology 90 Bacteria and Viruses