The PIC Instruction Set

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1 EE80 Lecture 0 The PIC Instruction Set EE80L0P0

2 The PIC 6F87X Series Instruction Set (Complete!) ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFS INCF INCFS IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS ADDLW ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW RETFIE RETLW RETURN SLEEP SUBLW XORLW Mnemonic, Operands f f Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Sip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Sip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate Left f through Carry Rotate Right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap nibbles in f Exclusive OR W with f Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Sip if Clear BitTestf,SipifSet Add literal and W AND literal with W Call subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Go to address Inclusive OR literal with W Move literal to W Return from interrupt Return with literal in W Return from Subroutine Go into standby mode Subtract W from literal Exclusive OR literal with W Description Cycles 4Bit Opcode Status MSb LSb Affected BYTEORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS () () BITORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS () () LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS bb 0bb 0bb bb x 0 0 xx 0xx 0x lfff 0xxx lfff 0xx0 xxxx 0 0 C,DC, C C C,DC, C,DC, TO,PD TO,PD C,DC, Notes,,,,,,3,,,3,,,,,,,,, 3 3 EE80L0P0

3 Figuring Out The Instruction Syntax The PIC instruction set is nice, in that once you figure out one instruction you ve figured out most of them, but it is a little different than what we re used to. The secret codes and how instructions are formed is described in the following tables: Byteoriented file register operations OPCODE d f (FILE #) TABLE 3: Field f W b OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS Descr iptio n Register file address (0x to 0x7F) Woring register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8bit file register Literal field, constant data or label x Don't care location (= 0 or ) The assembler will generate code with x = 0.It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. d Destination select d = 0: store result in W, d = : store result in file register f. Default is d = PC TO PD Program Counter Timeout bit Powerdown bit d = 0 for destination W d = for destination f f = 7bit file register address Bitoriented file register operations OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #) b = 3bit bit address f = 7bit file register address Literal and control operations General OPCODE (literal) = 8bit immediate value CALL and GOTO instructions only OPCODE (literal) = bit immediate value EE80L0P03

4 Comparing The Old And The New Let s loo at two equivalent programs. One on our old friend, the 80x86, the other on this newfangled PIC Microcontroller. Consider the following x86 program:.model small.data var db 33h var db 0A4h var3 db?.code.8086 start: mov mov Set data segment. ds, ax mov al, var Set Al to 33h mov bl, var Set BL to A4h add al, bl Compute al = al + bl mov var3, al Move sum to memory stop: jmp stop Stop program end start EE80L0P04

5 A Complete, But Simple PIC Program Our first PIC Processor Example include p6f877.inc Include file for register definitions ************************************************************ equates Ban0Ram equ 0x0 Equates mean the same as before! ************************************************************ variables Remember, these are in register file memory! cbloc Ban0Ram var 0x0 locations used for variables var 0x var3 0x temp location used for counter endc ************************************************************ start at the reset vector org 0x0 Set origin at memory address 0 nop very important required for debugger Start bcf STATUS,RP0 go to BANK 0 by setting bcf STATUS,RP RP:RP0 to 0 0. Initialize contents of variables. movlw 0x33 Move literal 33h into W. movwf var Move from W to var (initialize var) movlw 0A4h Move literal A4h into W. movwf var Move from W to var (initialize var) Do the addition. movf var,w Get data from var into W. addwf var,w Calculate W = var + var. movwf var3 Store result in var3. stop goto stop End EE80L0P05

6 The Hardest Thing About The PIC! The hardest thing to understand about the PIC is the conditional jump. There are only two jump instructions, but the way they wor is a little strange. Hang on! BTFSS Bit Test f, Sip if Set BTFSC Bit Test, Sip if Clear label label CY CY EE80L0P06

7 A Simple Decrement Loop On The PIC Our second PIC Processor Example include p6f877.inc Include file for register definitions ************************************************************ equates count equ 0x5 Manually assign register address! ************************************************************ start at the reset vector org 0x0 Set origin at memory address 0 nop very important required for debugger Start bcf STATUS,RP0 go to BANK 0 by setting bcf STATUS,RP RP:RP0 to 0 0. Initialize contents of variables. movlw 0x0A Initialize count to 0 decimal by movwf count setting W and moving W > count. Do the simple loop. loop decf count,f count = count. btfsc STATUS, Sip next instruction if = 0. stop goto stop End program. goto loop Continue looping! End EE80L0P07

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