Cellular Structure and Function

Transcription

1 Cellular Structure and Function Before You Read Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about cells. Then list the questions you have about cells in the What I Want to Find Out column. K W L What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned Science Journal Imagine that you are small enough to fit inside a cell. Describe what you think you might observe while you are there. Cellular Structure and Function 63

2 Cellular Structure and Function Section 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory Skim Section 1 of the chapter. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions Review organization New cell 3. Use your book or dictionary to define organization. Use your book or dictionary to define each term. cell theory eukaryotic cell nucleus organelle plasma membrane prokaryotic cell 64 Cellular Structure and Function

3 Section 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory (continued) History of the Cell Theory Identify the three main ideas of the cell theory. Then write a short sentence for each one describing each idea. Microscope Technology Summarize information about electron microscopes using five or six bullet points. Cellular Structure and Function 65

4 Section 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory (continued) Basic Cell Types Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by putting the phrases in the Venn diagram. bacteria contain organelles have loose strands of DNA have a nucleus have membrane-bound organelles multicellular organisms unicellular organisms do not have membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotic Prokaryotic cells Both cells Model a eukaryotic cell. Label the parts of the cell. SUMMARIZE Analyze how more sophisticated microscopes have allowed scientists to advance their knowledge of cells. 66 Cellular Structure and Function

5 Cellular Structure and Function Section 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Scan the illustrations and captions in Section 2 of the chapter. List two facts you discovered about the plasma membrane Review ion Use your book or dictionary to define ion. New Use your book or dictionary to define each term. fluid mosaic model phospholipid bilayer selective permeability transport protein Cellular Structure and Function 67

6 Section 7.2 The Plasma Membrane (continued) Function of the Plasma Membrane Analyze what would happen if the cell membrane were not selectively permeable. Support your response. Identify five ways that the membrane can deal with materials. membrane deals with materials by Structure of the Plasma Membrane Model a phospholipid, and label its parts. Describe how the phospholipid functions to make up the fluid membrane. 68 Cellular Structure and Function

7 Section 7.2 The Plasma Membrane (continued) Model the plasma membrane. Label each part, and describe the function of that part in detail. Discuss how the terms fluid and mosaic describe the plasma membrane. Fluid: Mosaic: SUMMARIZE Analyze the role of the plasma membrane in maintaining homeostasis in the cell. Cellular Structure and Function 69

8 Cellular Structure and Function Section 7.3 Structures and Organelles Skim Section 3 of the chapter. Write two questions that come to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions. 1. Review enzyme 2. Use your book or dictionary to define enzyme. New cell wall centriole chloroplast cilium cytoplasm cytoskeleton endoplasmic reticulum flagellum Golgi apparatus lysosome mitochondrion nucleolus ribosome vacuole Write each term in the table under the heading that best describes it. Cell Structure (5) Compare and contrast each pair of terms by defining them and noting their differences. Chloroplast Vacuole Related to Genetic Material (2) Food, Storage, and Waste (5) Mitochondrion Centriole Energy (2) Cilium Flagellum 70 Cellular Structure and Function

9 Section 7.3 Structures and Organelles (continued) Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton Compare the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton by defining each in the boxes. Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cell Structures Identify the part of the cell that corresponds to each function described. directs cell processes; contains the cell s DNA; stores information for cell growth, function, and reproduction double membrane that surrounds the nucleus helps manufacture proteins produces ribosomes inside the nucleus site of ribosome attachment; can be smooth or rough modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport outside the cell membrane-bound storage area within the cell vesicle that contains substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles structure near the nucleus that functions during cell division converts fuel particles (sugars) into useable energy captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis gives support to plant cells projections that allow the cell to move or to move substances along the surface of the cell Cellular Structure and Function 71

10 Section 7.3 Structures and Organelles (continued) Comparing Cells Compare and contrast the cell parts found in the following categories. Plant Cells Animal/Protist Only Both Cells Only Plants and Animals Organelles at Work CONNECT of the cell. Sequence the steps that describe how proteins are made by completing the flowchart. and picks up information from DNA. leave the nucleus. and ribosomes work together to make on the surface of the Create and describe a unique model for the structure and function. 72 Cellular Structure and Function

11 Cellular Structure and Function Section 7.4 Cellular Transport Skim Section 4 of the chapter. Write two questions that come to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions. 1. Review homeostasis 2. Use your book or dictionary to define homeostasis. New Write the correct vocabulary term in the left column for each definition below. process by which the plasma membrane surrounds a substance outside the cell and moves it inside the cell movement of substances from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer solution that has a higher concentration of solutes in the cell solution in which the inside of the cell and the solution it is in have the same concentration of water and solutes process by which the plasma membrane surrounds a substance inside the cell and moves it outside the cell diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane form of transport that uses transport proteins to move other ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change in concentration solution that has a lower concentration of solutes in the cell Cellular Structure and Function 73

12 Section 7.4 Cellular Transport (continued) Diffusion Rephrase the process of diffusion in your own words, and give an example. Osmosis: Diffusion of Water Summarize the relationship between water and the plasma membrane by completing the concept web below. water flows Water and the Plasma Membrane flow through helps and homeostasis osmosis is homeostasis is Model a cell in a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution. Underneath each model, summarize the effect of each solution on the cell. Solutions Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic 74 Cellular Structure and Function

13 Section 7.4 Cellular Transport (continued) Active Transport and Transport of Large Particles Classify and summarize the five ways particles move through the membrane. Make notes and sketches in the rectangle for each one. simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport exocytosis endocytosis CONNECT Think of real-life movement between locations, and make analogies of the five different kinds of transport that occurs through the cell membrane. Explain how each type of transport works in your analogy. Cellular Structure and Function 75

14 Tie It Together SUMMARIZE Make a concept web to show the main ideas and important details in this chapter, and the relationships between the facts you learned. Hint: You might find it easier to list the facts or topics you want to include first, then decide how to connect them in the web. 76 Cellular Structure and Function