Biol 405/505. Principles of Organic Evolution. Instructor: Dr. Mark Dybdahl
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From this document you will learn the answers to the following questions:
When did Jean - Baptiste Lamarck die?
What is the main reason for the existence of the theory of evolution?
What differences Freq . of long necks increase?
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1 Biol 405/505 Principles of Organic Evolution Instructor: Dr. Mark Dybdahl
2 What is organic evolution? Outline Descent with modification Natural selection Darwin s insight Evolution of the theory of evolution What evolution explains? Course logistics & info
3 What is Organic Evolution?
4 What is Organic Evolution? Change over time 1928 today
5 What is Organic Evolution? Change in the form, physiology, life-history, or behavior of organisms between generations
6 What is Organic Evolution? Populations evolve individuals do not
7 What is Organic Evolution? Current species are evolved from pre-existing, ancestral species
8 Charles Darwin Darwin s Insight H.M.S. Beagle ( ) Origin of Species, 1859
9 Darwin s Theory of Evolution 1. Species evolve over time: descent with modification Pattern 2. Adaptations arise by natural selection Mechanism Charles Darwin
10 The Insight Alfred Russell Wallace Similar ideas Less evidence
11 Descent with Modification Organic Evolution --> tree-like branching splitting, extinction of lineages 1. Species are Ancestral & Derived 2. Common ancestors Phylogeny
12 Descent with Modification Variation, divergence from common ancestor Germanic from german type Good day (English) Guten tag (German) Goedendag (Dutch) Buongiorno (Italian) Bonjour (French) Romance from Latin Bom día (Portuguese) Buenos dias (Spanish)
13 Natural selection variability heritability competition Fitness differences Freq. of long necks increases
14 Before Darwin Two views: 1. Species were immutable, fixed 2. Species changed but there was no mechanism
15 humans 2. Species change apes mice lizards fish Aristotle s Great Chain of Being Evolutionary ladder Progressive Mechanism = Supernatural force jellyfish
16 2. Species change Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Mechanism of species Change: Inheritance of acquired characters
17 Lamarckian Evolution
18 After Darwin: Evolution of the theory of evolution 1. Species evolution: Quickly accepted 2. Natural selection: Controversial until 1920s No mechanism of inheritance
19 Evolution of a theory
20 Natural selection? variability heritability Problem: No mechanism of inheritance Darwin accepted Lamarckian heredity A. Weissman 1880 s: acquired characters are not inherited!
21 After Darwin Mendelian genetics rediscovered 1940 s Modern Synthesis Evolution: Changes in gene frequencies of populations over time Fig 3.3a
22 Evolution is just a theory Oxford English Dictionary: 2. a hypothesis that has been confirmed or established by observation or experiment, and is propounded or accepted as accounting for the known facts.
23 What does evolution explain? Why study Evolution? 1. The processes that create biodiversity Macroevolution Lineage branching Extinction Fig 17.12
24 Microevolution and speciation Darwin s finches, Galapagos: divergence
25 What does evolution explain? 2.The shape of life: mechanisms of adaptations Darwin (1859) 'how the innumerable species inhabiting this world have been modified, so as to acquire that perfection of structure and coadaptation that most justly excites our admiration.
26 What does evolution explain? 3. The history of life Ancestor of whales? Ancestor of modern humans? Fig. 14.4
27 What does evolution explain? 4. Evolution and society: The management of infectious disease crop pests endangered species fisheries etc
28 What does evolution explain? Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution T. Dobzhansky,
29 There are two main features of Darwin s theory: Organisms evolve, and natural selection leads to Adaptation Natural selection was controversial, and Darwin Agreed with Lamarckian inheritance The rediscovery of Mendel s laws of inheritance And its incorporation into Darwin s theory lead to The Modern Synthesis. The theory of evolution underwent important changes Until it was universally accepted, and continues to Change today.
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