REGIONAL STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY THEMATIC: ELECTRIC MOBILITY REGION: GALICIA (SPAIN)

Transcription

1 REGIONAL STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY THEMATIC: ELECTRIC MOBILITY REGION: GALICIA (SPAIN)

2 BEST PRACTICE 1 MOBI2GRID

3 INDEX INDEX... 3 DATA COMPILATION TEMPLATE... 4 Identifying data of the practice... 4 Objectives of the practice... 4 Process and detailed content of the practice (Description)... 4 Origin... 6 Bodies involved/implementation... 6 Financial Framework (Funding)... 7 Legal Framework (current law and incentives system)... 7 Target group addressed by the practice... 7 Communication and awareness campaigns... 7 Geographic and population scope... 8 Area of study. Zoning Socioeconomic characteristics Use of private vehicles. Motorisation. Analysis of the mobility Timescale Necessary human/economic/technologic resources and skills to realize and to manage the Best Practice... 2 Monitoring and results... 2 ANNEX I: ELECTRIC MOBILITY TYPE OF VEHICLE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLES. PERFORMANCE ENERGY NEEDS. SUPPLY MODALITIES ENERGY SOURCES Pag. 3

4 DATA COMPILATION TEMPLATE Identifying data of the practice: MOBI2GRID Pilot experience about electric mobility in Galicia/North of Portugal Euroregion. Contact: ANA M. PAUL TOMILLO CTAG (The Galician Automotive Technology Centre) Tecnological Innovation Director DIEGO RODRÍGUEZ NIÓN CTAG (The Galician Automotive Technology Centre) R&D Project Management Tecnological Innovation Division Objectives of the practice: To carry out R&D activities on the development, testing and validation of the electromobility system based on renewable energy sources. To carry out R&D activities on the development of a remote diagnostic system of the electric vehicle with real time data monitoring. To develop prototypes and pilot experiences in an electric mobility corridor (Vigo- Oporto), including an analysis of the electric vehicles acceptance by the user. To get the involvement of regional entities, companies and universities in creating the conditions for the generation and attraction of new investments associated with the development, production and testing of systems and solutions in the field of electric mobility. Process and detailed content of the practice (Description): MOBI2GRIS aims to develop and implement an integrated and interoperative cross-border mobility system with the development of a pilot test with electric vehicles in the Vigo-Porto corridor of electric mobility. This will be done based on the following actions: a. Development and prototyping of the integrated and interoperative electric mobility system of the Euroregion. b. Tests and pilot experiences in the cross-border corridor of electric mobility (Vigo-Porto). c. Observatory for the Electric Mobility in the Euroregion. To develop the best practices in the development, management and evaluation of the MOBI2GRID project the initiative has been structured into 6 major activities (from which the first 4 are specific of the practice) on which it has been carried out specific tasks of project implementation. Pag. 4

5 ACTIVITY 1. Observatory of electric mobility in the Euroregion. It takes place in the context of a working group which aims to create joint conditions for the implementation of the initiative and its consistency with the national priorities, through the continuous monitoring of the technological, social and political environment of electric mobility. It is composed of: Action 1. Definition of the concept and operating model of the observatory. Action 2. Constitution of the working group of the Euroregion. Action 3. Dynamization of the electric mobility observatory. ACTIVITY 2. Design and development of the integrated and interoperable electric mobility system Development of an electric mobility system of cross-border nature that ensures its interoperability, with the design of a remote dignosis system of electric vehicle with real time data monitoring, analysis and interaction with the user and the study of future solutions on V2G (Vehicles to Grid) It is composed of: Action 1. Design of the electric mobility syetm of the Euroregion. Action 2. Development of specifications for the electric mobility of the Euroregion. Action 3. Development of the integrated and interoerabe mobility system. ACTIVITY 3. Prototyping of the cross-border mobility system for the pilot experience. Prototyping of the hardware and software components of the mobility system, remote diagnosis systems and charging systems. It is composed of: Action 1. Definition of the methodology of the pilot experience. Action 2. Construction and preparation of the elements of the pilot experience. Action 3. Integration with other forms of mobility. ACTIVITY 4. Test and pilot experience in the cross-border electric mobility corridor. Demonstration and test and development of recommendations for the improvement and awareness of users. It is composed of: Action 1. Creation of test and demonstartion scenario in the Vigo-Oporto corridor. Action 2. Conduction of the pilot experience. Action 3. Analysis of the results and preparation of recommendations. ACTIVITY 5. Management and Coordination. The management and coordination activity of the project aims to make feasible and ensure the implementation and fulfillment of the objectives, requirements and goals of the project in terms of quality, time and cost, so monitoring Pag. 5

6 meetings and progress and final reports will be conducted. Attention is also paid to monitoring and evaluation of the performance indicators and outcomes defined for the project. It is composed of: Action 1. Coordination and managementtasks. Action 2. Monitoring and evaluation tasks. ACTIVITY 6. Communication. The objective of this activity consists of the definition of a Communication Plan and its execution during the implementation period of the project. Suitable information and publicity measures will be applied in order to give visibility to the actions taken and the results obtained in the project. It is composed of: Action 1. Definition of the Communication Plan. Action 2. Preparation of the promotional material. Action 3. Conducting semninars and events. Origin: The MOBI2GRID Project was born as a result of the evaluation of previous initiatives jointly developed between CTAG and CEIIA. Such initiatives are based on the importance of the cross-border mobility between Galicia and Portugal, as a result of the process of European construction. This project aims to develop the electric car for its integration in the electric mobility system based on MOBI.E with an innovative remote diagnosis i system of the vehicle and the analysis of the interation of the user with the infrastructures. Bodies involved/implementation CEIIA Centro para a Excelência e Inovação na Indústria Automóvel (Portugal). CEIIA is an innovation and engineering center that aims to enhance the competitiveness of mobility through international cooperation between university and industry in to products and solutions market oriented. CTAG Centro Tecnológico de Automoción de Galicia (Spain). CTAG is an entity created to offer advanced technological solutions to the car industry and support the companies of such industry in their modernization and adptation to the new technologies. Pag. 6

7 Financial Framework (Funding): Public: Entity: POCTEP (Programa Operativo de Cooperación Transfronteriza España-Portugal). ERDF (European Regional Development Fund). Amount: 1,48,759. Private: Entity: CEIIA. Amount: 166,667. Entity: CTAG. Amount: 32,919. Legal Framework (current law and incentives system): This initiative has the support of the European Union and responds to its priorities within the Cross-border Cooperation Programme Spain-Portugal (2 nd call), as well as the policies of the Euroregion, in accordance with the Joint Declaration for Electric Mobility in Europe, signed in May 21 between France, Germany, Spain and Portugal. Target group addressed by the practice: Population of Galicia and North of Portugal Communication and awareness campaigns: To promote and disseminate the Project it has been generated a series of communication material: Posters. Brochures. Templates for reports and presentations. Periodic newsletters. Official presentation of the project. In addition, the Project has been presented at various events and forums. For instance, in February 211 the official presentation of the project took place in the CEIIA facilities (Maia, Porto), and in June 212 the project was presented as part of a conference of the PROSESC project, celebrated in the CTAG facilities. Finally, it has been created a Website of the Project in order to disseminate it publically and give support to the electric mobility through an agenda of events of interest or a map indicating the charging points. Pag. 7

8 Geographic and population scope: Between Galicia and the North of Portugal we can detect singularities that make such area an excellent laboratory for the European cross-border cooperation. It is the most populated border area between Spain and Portugal, where there are obvious cultural and linguistic affinities between regions. The geographical scope of the practice is the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal. Located in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula, it has an area of approximately 51, sq. km. (29, in Galicia and 21, in the North of Portugal). Galicia has substantial geographical and climatic differences that are structured in three main groups: GROUP I: Coastal area, characterized mainly by the Galician estuaries, with altimetry below 2 metres and mild temperatures. GROUP II: Mountain ranges of the south-central area, with elevations above 6 metres and great temperature changes. GROUP III: Interior of Galicia, with an altitude about 2 and 6 metres with intermediate rainfall and temperature contrasts The orographic aspect that Galicia presents in its interior area are low and blunt mountains, with many rivers, being the most important one the Miño river, which acts as a natural border between both countries, and the Sil river. The gentle slopes are sometimes combined with rugged hillsides, or normally soft valleys. The North of Portugal is characterized by 9 river basins and 8 mountain ranges of a height from 1,1 to 1,5 metres,. The Douro river is the limit of the Euroregion. Its climatology is similar to Galicia: Atlantic climate, rainy and with mild temperatures. In 211, its total population was 6,541,664 inhabitants with an approximate density of inhabitants/km 2. Area Euroregion Galicia Noth of Portugal Area (Km 2 ) 5.858, , ,9 Population (inhabitants) Density (inhabitants/km 2 ) 128,62 94,1 176 Table 1. Data GNPAECT (Galicia-North of Portugal. European grouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC)) Pag. 8

9 Figure 1. Regions belonging to the Euroregion Galicia-Norte de Portugal. (Source: Atlas básico do Eixo Atlántico) In the following map (Figure 2) are represented the main cities of the Euroregion. 1 of these cities have over 9, inhabitants in 211, 5 in Galicia and 5 in Portugal: City Estimated population (inhabitants) Vigo (Galicia) 297. A Coruña (Galicia) 246. Ourense (Galicia) 18. Lugo (Galicia) 98. Santiago de Compostela (Galicia) 95. Vila Nova de Gaia (Portugal) 32. Porto (Portugal) 237. Braga (Portugal) 181. Guimarães (Portugal) 161. Viana do Castelo 91. Table 2. Datos INE (Spain) and INE (Portugal) Pag. 9

10 Figure2. Main cities of the Euroregion. (Source: Atlas básico do Eixo Atlántico) From the point of view of the urban growth, both Galicia and the North of Portugal have a polycentric urban territorial organization, given by an alternation in the weight of the cities in both regions throughout history. Nowadays, the main hubs of concentration are in the Galician cities of Vigo and A Coruña (placed in the South and North of Galicia) and in Porto in the North of Portugal. Although there are other cities that are experiencing significant growth, the industrialization and the main economic sectors are placed in Vigo, A Coruña, Porto and Santiago de Compostela, the capital city of Galicia. On the other hand, there is an important rural population in both regions, characterized by a strong geographic dispersion, with a notable affluence of populations under 2, inhabitants. In Galicia, about 5% of the population lives in cities, being even a lower percentage in North of Portugal. This fact makes it difficult and costly the provision of services and the improvement of infrastructures. It is also remarkable the absence of large urban centres in the border area of Galicia and Portugal. Between Vigo and Viana do Castelo there is a distance over 1 Km. Pag. 1

11 Area of study. Zoning: The area of study of the practice is located in the main roads connecting between Vigo and Porto (AP9 and A55 in Spain, A3 in Portugal). In this area has been developed the electric mobility corridor Vigo-Porto, covering about 15 km and being the first European cross-border interurban corridor of electric mobility. The corridor connects the main populations and points of interest located between Vigo and Porto, taking as main points both cities, because of their population density, industrial and economic importance and especially for being the main points of concentration of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. In the following map it can be consulted the current state of the electric mobility corridor. It is also planned to complete its development through the northern coastal area of Portugal, unfolding the corridor through the main infrastructures of the North of Portugal. Figure 3. Electric Mobility Corridor Vigo-Porto Pag. 11

12 Socioeconomic characteristics: In 212 we are going through a period of economic crisis that began in 27 so we are facing significant adjustments aimed towards the expected economic recovery. With regard to Spain and Portugal, both the wealth level and the size of the GDP have note evolved positively in the ranking of the developed countries, being the problem even more pronounced in the case of Portugal. The weak economic growth in Spain and Portugal under the Euro zone average has been characterized by a continuous decline in productivity, a rising unemployment and a significant external deficit. Variables GALICIA NORTH OF PORTUGAL Population(29) Population Density (28) 94,1 176 Area (Km 2 ) , ,9 No of Municiplaities Average size per Municiplaity (Km 2 ) 93,89 253,31 Weight of the industrial activity in the GDP 33% 45% Unemployment Table3. Comparative of some variables of Galicia and North of Portugal (Source: Faro De Vigo, May 2, 212; IGE and INE Portugal) Table 4 shows that Spanish GDP values are higher than Portuguese GDP values, as it is in the case of the Galicia GDP, which exceeds the North Region of Portugal GDP by more than seven points in 26, increasing such difference by more than eight points in 28. Region % evolution SPAIN 22,3 23,5 23,9 7,17% PORTUGAL 14,7 15,4 15,7 6,8% GALICIA 19,2 2,6 21,3 1,94% NORTH OF PORTUGAL 11,6 12,3 12,6 8,62% Table 4. Evolution of GDP per capita in million between 26 and 28 (Source: Anuario Estadístico Galicia Norte de Portugal, 21. Xunta de Galicia) The main population centres of the corridor are Vigo, Porto and Braga. Specially, Vigo and Porto are the largest cities of the corridor and concentrate the economical, industrial and innovative activity, being competitive centres of great interest for electric mobility, since in both cities are also industrial and innovative concentrations( universities, research centres) relevant to the automotive industry, transport and mobility. Socioeconomic data of Vigo and Porto are shown as major centres of the corridor. Pag. 12

13 Characteristic City Vigo Porto Area (Km 2 ) 19,6 41,66 Population (inhabitants) Density (inhab./km 2 ) 2.725,5 5.72,3 Growth Rate (21-211) 6% -1,8% Table 5. Data INE (Spain) and INE (Portugal) Regarding the unemployment rate, these are the results for each region: Galicia 21,1% Portugal 15,9% España 25,1% Table 6. Unemployment Rate Use of private vehicles. Motorisation. Analysis of the mobility: The main network of road transport on roads and highways of Galicia nd the North of Portugal is characterized by the existing connections in the coastline axis communicating Ferrol and A Coruña with Vigo, through Santiago de Compostela and Pontevedra and linking to Viana do Castelo, Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, trough Braga and Guimarães. Galicia has a road network which extends across the 17,55 km, whose management is shared between the National State (13.5%), the Xunta de Galicia (3.1%) and the Provincial Governments (56.4%). If we add the 62, km that are managed by municipalities, the amount almost double the national average of kilometers per inhabitant and surface. Pag. 13

14 Figure 4. Galicia Road Network in 28. (Fuente: Plan Director de Estradas de Galicia) About the relation of Galicia with the North of Portugal, and in spite of the construction of new infrastructures, it still exists a clear imbalance between the coastal area (which is better articulated) and the interior area, where its rugged topography makes such connection more difficult. The roads of the North of Portugal, with an extension of 6,12 km are managed by the State (6%, 3,78 km) and the Municipalities (4%, 2,52 km). Pag. 14

15 NATIONAL GRID GRID prev. contr. prev. contr. prev. contr. prev. contr. Regional Roads Transferred To be transferred Complementary Grid National roads Main Grid ROADS TO BE MUNICIPALIZED Braga Bragança Porto Viana do Castelo Vila Real TOTAL PORTUGAL Main Route 2 lanes DISTRICTS Other Routes 1 lane 2 lanes 1 lane total Table7. Extension of the road network in the North of Portugal (Source: INE) Figure 5. Road Network of the North of Portugal. (Source: The railway network of Galicia and the North of Portugal is characterized by a route parallel to the coastline, which connects Ferrol, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra and Vigo in Galicia and Viana do Castelo, Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia in the North of Portugal. With respect to the interior and perpendicular to the coast, the Galician railway network connects the cities of Lugo, Monforte de Lemos and Ourense and the railway network of the North of Portugal with Vila Real, Braga and Guimarães. Pag. 15

16 Figure 6. Railway network of Galicia and North of Portugal. (Source: Atlas básico do Eixo Atlántico) The main commercial ports and airports in Galicia and North of Portugal are shown in Figure 7. The airports of Lavacolla in Santiago de Compostela, Peinador in Vigo and Alvedro in A Coruña form the network of airport infrastructures in Galicia. In the case of the North of Portugal, the main airport is the Francisco Sá Carneiro in Porto, which is complmented with the aerodromes of Bragança and Vla Real. Pag. 16

17 The flow of passengers towards the main airports of the 2 regions (Santiago de Compostela and Porto) is another of the important factors involved in the mobility by road between Galicia and North of Portugal, especially since in the Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport operate several low cost airlines that make it more economically attractive. Figure7. Commercial ports and Airports in Galicia and Nort of Portugal. (Source: Atlas básico do Eixo Atlántico) Pag. 17

18 On the other hand, we must note that there are (between Spain and Portugal) 6 transit areas through paved roads of municipal, provincial, regional or state competence with a total traffic of 74, vehicles per day. 63,5 of them corresponding to the definition of light vehicles, 1,4 to heavy vehicles (which in turn are divided into 1,1 trucks and 3 buses). However, when analyzing the distribution of these flows in the different crossing boarders, we can distinguish a series of key positions for people and goods that correspond to areas particularly interesting from the point of view of the economic, social and territorial cohesion. Focusing on the border between Galicia and Portugal, it should be noted that such border is the way with the greatest flow of people across the border between Spain and Portugal, and the one that presents a major increase in travelers in the last decade. Border Crossing (Galicia - Portugal) Roads identification code Type Responsibility ADI = (LV + HV) Portugal España España Goian - Vilanova de Cerveira PO-53 Galicia Tui (puente nuevo) - Valença do Minho A-55/IP-1 AP/AP REN RCE Tui (puente viejo) - Valença do Minho N-551/EN-13 REN RCE Salvaterra do Miño - Monçao EN-11 REN Municipality Arbo - Melgaço PO-45/EN-22 REN Galicia 2.29 Ponte Barxas - São Gregório OU-81/EN-31 REN Galicia 755 Ponte Barxas-Arzoeira - Castro Laboreiro Municipality 39 Gixinde (Entrimo) - Castro Laboreiro OU-1212 PG 26 Aceredo - Lindoso OU-54/EM34-1 REN Galicia 787 Torneiro - Portela do Homen OU-312/EN 38-1 REN Galicia 18 Calvos de Randín - Tourem OU-32 Galicia 139 Requias (Miuños) - Tourem Municipality 325 Baltar - Sendim (Montealegre) OU-11/EN13-9 REN PG 67 A Xironda (Cualedro) - Santo Andre (Montealegre) OU-12 PG 58 A Xironda (Cualedro) - Vilar de Perdizes (Montealegre) Municipality 86 Rabal (Oimbra) - Vilarelho da Raia (Chaves) Municipality 5 San Ciprian (Oimbra) - Vilarelho da Raia (Chaves) Municipality 1 Espiño (Oimbra) - Soutelinho da Raia (Chaves) Municipality 3 Verín - Vila Verde Raia N-532/EN 13 REN RCE 7.75 Soutochao (Vilardevós) - Xixirei Municipality 17 Terroso (Vilardevós) - São Vicente Municipality 95 Vilarello da Cota (Vilardevós) - Mairos Municipality 7 Arzádegos (Vilardevós) - Trabancas Municipality 11 Mesón de Erosa (A Gudiña) - Cisterna Municipality 32 Esculqueira (A Mezquita) - O Pinheiro Municipality 14 Manzalvos (A Mezquita) - Moimenta OU-311 Galicia 139 Table 8. Connections by road between Galicia and North of Portugal. (ADI: Average Daily Intensity, measured in vehicles/day;; LV: Light Vehicle; HV: Heavy Vehicle AP: Toll Highway; REN: Rede de Estradas Nacional (National Roads Network); RCE: Red de Carreteras del Estado (State Roads Network); PG: Provincial Governemnet). (Source: OTEP, 29) Pag. 18

19 In this initiative of the project, the mobility of the participants is framed within the electric mobility corridor implemented between the cities of Vigo and Porto. Figure 8. Vigo-Oporto through A3 or A28. (Source Timescale: Duration of the practice/project: 27 months (October 21 December 212), with a possible extension of 6 months. Implementation phase in which it is located: Implementation of the pilot experiences throughout the electric mobility corridor. Pag. 19

20 ACTIVITY 1. Observatory of electric mobility in the Euroregion Action 1. Definition of the concept and operating model of the observatory. Action 2. Constitution of the working group of the Euroregion Action 3. Dynamization of the electric mobility observatory ACTIVITY 2. Design and development of the integrated and interoperable electric mobility system Action 1. Design of the electric mobility syetm of the Euroregion Action 2. Development of specifications for the electric mobility of the Euroregion Action 3. Development of the integrated and interoerabe mobility system ACTIVITY 3. Prototyping of the cross-border mobility system for the pilot experience Action 1. Definition of the methodology of the pilot experience Action 2. Construction and preparation of the elements of the pilot experience Action 3. Integration with other forms of mobility ACTIVITY 4. Test and pilot experience in the cross-border electric mobility corridor Action 1. Creation of test and demonstartion scenario in the Vigo-Oporto corridor Action 2. Conduction of the pilot experience Action 3. Analysis of the results and preparation of recommendations ACTIVITY 5. Management and Coordination Action 1. Coordination and managementtasks Action 2. Monitoring and evaluation tasks ACTIVITY 6. Communication Action 1. Definition of the Communication Plan Action 2. Preparation of the promotional material Action 3. Conducting semninars and events Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q Table 9. Schedule of activities Necessary human/economic/technologic resources and skills to realize and to manage the Best Practice: Los recursos humanos utilizados en el proyecto son los propios de las entidades citadas: CEIIA y CTAG. Monitoring and results: The main results of the project are framed in the technical activities, especially related to the Observatory for the Electric Mobility of the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal, with the preparation of the electric mobility corridor and with the development and evaluation of the pilot tests. So, for instance, the Observatory for the Electric Mobility has generated so far: 15 periodic newsletters. 15 specific reports related to critical aspects of electric mobility.. Identification of the main stakeholders of electric mobility of the Euroregion. Meanwhile, the technical development of the electric mobility system of the Euroregion has allowed both to generate relevant technological reports and to develop the data acquisition systems of the vehicle and driver and of monitoring for Pag. 2

21 pilot testing. On the other hand, one of the most remarkable results of the project is the development of a specific methodology for the evaluation of the user s experience in pilot tests with electric vehicles. Finally. The development of the pilot test will also enable the evaluation of the main technical and socioeconomic barriers for the effective deployment of the electric mobility, as well as the generation of recommendations for an effective implementation of the electric mobility in the Euroregion. Critical aspects of the electric mobility The different studies and tests performed so far have made it possible to identify some of the most critical aspects of the electric mobility, especially considering the social acceptance of electric vehicles and the integration of this kind of mobility in the transport system of the Euroregion. The most critical parameters are: Autonomy of vehicles: from the point of view of vehicle technology, the autonomy of the existing electric models represents a major change compared to internal combustion vehicles with significantly higher autonomy between recharges. This is, in general, the main barrier that users see on the electric vehicle. Recharging infrastructure: In relation to the autonomy of the vehicles, there is a lack of recharging infrastructures and visibility of the existing ones, especially when compared with the number and visibility of conventional service stations. Noise: from the point of view of security, one of the most important factors is the absence of noise in electric vehicles versus the custom of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists to listen to the vehicles. There are numerous research projects to develop new warning technologies to alert the vulnerable user to not limit the advantage of electric mobilityto decrease noise pollution in cities. Price: From the point of view of the potential buyer, the price of the commercial electric, the price of the commercial electric vehicles is another barrier because it is perceived as significantly higher than the price of the internal combustion vehicles in the same segment. However, the price is highly variable, as it depends on the demand and other incentives; in additionnew personal mobility models are promoted, as it is for example the car sharing of electric vehicles, distributing the price of the vehicle between the different drivers using it. Pag. 21

22 ANNEX I: ELECTRIC MOBILITY TYPE OF VEHICLE: The MOBI2GRID project uses two types of electric vehicles, particularly: NISSAN LEAF. CITROËN C-ZERO. Figure 9. Vehicles used in the project TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLES. PERFORMANCE: Both vehicles can be found since 211 in the market and cover a wide range of vehicle segments. The Citroën C-Zero is a small utilitarian, with less autonomy but responding to the needs of the urban mobility. On the other hand, the Nissan Leaf is the first commercial electric vehicle that tries to cover the needs of the interurban mobility, with a bigger quality in comfort, safety and greater autonomy. Specifications NISSAN LEAF: Number of seats: 5 Size: Length 4.445mm Width 1.77 mm Height1.55 mm Motor Power: 8 kw (19 CV) Torque :28 Nm Maximum Speed: 145 km/h Battery: Lithium Ion; capacity 24 kwh Autonomy : 175 Km, NEDC cycle Empty Weight : KG Boot capacity: 33 litres Specifications CITROËN C-ZERO: Number of seats: 5 Size: Length 3.475mm Width mm Height 1.68 mm Coefficient Cx:,33 Motor Power: 49 kw (64 CV) Torque :18 Nm Maximum Speed: 13 km/h Battery: Lithium Ion; capacity 16 kwh Average consumption: 135 wh/m Autonomy : 15 Km, ciclo NEDC (13 KM FCE) Empty Weight: KG Pag. 22

23 ENERGY NEEDS. SUPPLY MODALITIES: The electric mobility corridor aims to cover the main roads connecting the cities of Vigo and Porto, the main connecting links in the Euroregion as they are two most populated cities on both sides of the border and the more competitive areas that attract industry and investments. Thus, it is intended that the corridor provides interurban service in the main routes, developed through AP9 and A55 in Galicia, and the A3, A28 and N13 in Portugal. Currently, the electric mobility corridor covers the main urban centres between Vigo and Porto along the AP9, A55 and the Portuguese A3, which is historically the Portuguese highway of the Euroregion with the major cross-border traffic. For example, the centre of the city of Vigo has more than 1 charging points, which are complemented with charging points in the University and 3 fast charging points in Peinador s airport. In addition, it is foreseen that for the following months the installation of some fast charging points in the Portuguese side, in Valença, Ponte de Lima and Porto, ensuring the supply of charging services to the users of the corridor Vigo- Porto, as it is currently defined. Figure 1. Existing charging points of the MOBI.E grid between Vigo and Porto (Source: MOBI.E) Pag. 23

24 ENERGY SOURCES: The electric mobility is one of the main opportunities to foster the massive use of renewable energies for electricity generation. In particular, the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal has a great potential for the generation and consumption of renewable energies. To illustrate that, it is shown the evolution of electricity generation sources in Galicia. Chart 1. Structure of the Electric Generation in Galicia (%). (Source: INEGA) Pag. 24