Touch Controlled Home Appliances Based on Arm and Zigbee * Yarlagadda Sruthi 1 A.Sirisha 2

Transcription

1 Touch Controlled Home Appliances Based on Arm and Zigbee * Yarlagadda Sruthi 1 A.Sirisha 2 1 PG Student (M. Tech), Dept. of ECE, Chirala Engineering College, Chirala., A.P, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Chirala Engineering College, Chirala., A.P, India. Abstract: These days various progressive wireless communication standards were developed and implemented into praxis during last decade. GSM, WiFi and Bluetooth are well known by most people in the modern society. These standards have penetrated into their daily routine with outstanding popularity. An Internet of people has become ordinary for everyone who wants to have everybody and everything within reach. Even though it seems that all peoples wireless requirements have fulfilled, it turns on, that they lack of something like an internet of things especially in mainstream Home Automation (HA). The HA systems provide mutual interoperability between various electronic, electrical, and power devices as well as interactive interface for people to control their operation. This paper introduces the intelligent home appliance control system, the system is developed through ARM microprocessor, embedded Linux operating system, ZigBee wireless communication technology and network technology. It gives the overall framework of hardware and software design, and describes ways to implement the system. User can control appliances through hand-held mobile terminal. We present an intelligent Home automation system which uses Zigbee. Keywords: Home Automation, Zigbee, Sensor node. 1. Introduction Thanks to the rapid development of information technology and the growth of the Internet through high speed networks, network environments have even been changed from office oriented environments based on business industries and public institutions to the interconnection of digital electronics in home networks. Home network based applications are very diverse and the remote monitoring and control areas have been studied. Recently, ZigBee has become one of the most promising technologies for home networks. Zigbee is a specification for a suite of networking, security and application software layers using small, low-power, low data rate communication technology based on IEEE standard for personal area networks. Moreover, owing to the rapid growth of mobile technology, high-performance smart ISSN: Page 57

2 phones are widespread and in increasing cases are utilized as a terminal device. ZigBee is a standards-based technology that addresses the unique requirements of most remote monitoring and control and sensory network applications. ZigBee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control defined in IEEE for low-rate WPANs. The specification goes on to complete the standard by adding four main components: network layer, application layer, ZigBee device objects (ZDOs) and manufacturer defined application objects which allow for customization and favor total integration. The initial markets for ZigBee included Consumer Electronics, Energy Management and Efficiency, Health Care, Home Automation, Telecommunication Services, Building Automation, and Industrial Automation. The core ZigBee specifications define smart, costeffective and energy-efficient mesh networks. It is a self-configuring, selfhealing system of redundant, lowcost, very low-power nodes. ZigBee is available as two feature sets, ZigBee PRO and ZigBee. Both feature sets define how the ZigBee mesh networks operate. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of a remote monitoring and controlling system using ZigBee networks. 2. Implementation of HA system Intelligent information appliance is the main direction of development in the appliance control field. Intelligent appliance network has small amount and low speed of data transmission; there are many appliances in family and it needs more network capacity. ZigBee is developed in recent years, a short range wireless communications technology, with low power, low data rate, short distance, low cost, safe and reliable. The structure of intelligent appliance control system can be divided into hand-held control terminal, ZigBee network and appliances terminal three parts. Hand-held control terminal uses advanced touch screen technology and various appliances are displayed as icons on the touch screen for control. ZigBee network is used to connect various appliances within the home LAN, including information appliances and environment control two sections. Each section contains multiple nodes, each node is a communication terminal, each ISSN: Page 58

3 terminal node is independent of each other, any node failure will not affect the operation of other nodes. Each appliance installed a ZigBee node to communicate with the control terminal. The overall block diagram of intelligent appliance control system is shown in Figure 1. Control Center uses 32-bit embedded RISC processor based ARM 11 architecture. ZigBee wireless module is embedded in control center and various appliances, in order to achieve wireless connectivity appliances and intelligent control of appliances. Figure 1 Proposed Home Automation system Zigbee: The main technology is the ZIGBEE technology which is the 2.4GHz, IEEE compliant transceiver for developing our application. The ZigBee Alliance is a group of companies that maintain and publish the ZigBee standard. The term ZigBee is a registered trademark of this group, not a single technical standard. The Alliance publishes application profiles that allow multiple OEM vendors to create interoperable products. ZigBee is a low-cost, lowpower, wireless mesh network standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth. ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory. ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz ISSN: Page 59

4 in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. Data transmission rates vary from 20 to 250 kilobits/second. The ZigBee network layer natively supports both star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh networks. Every network must have one coordinator device, tasked with its creation, the control of its parameters and basic maintenance. Within star networks, the coordinator must be the central node. Both trees and meshes allow the use of ZigBee routers to extend communication at the network level. Triac: A triac is a controlled bidirectional semiconductor switch. It is a 3-terminal device, there are two Main Terminals, A1 and A2 that carry the heavy current that is being switched, and a control terminal, the Gate, G, which accepts the control signal to turn the switch on. But the triac, like its unidirectional cousin the thyristor, cannot be turned off using the gate. Once turned on, the triac will conduct forever, the only way to turn it off is to remove the current by some other means. Fortunately, in an alternating current circuit, the current falls and passes through zero every half-cycle, so a triac will always turn off at the end of the half-cycle. In order to simplify that description, there are many half-truths above. Using a triac A triac can be turned on at any time, and naturally turns off at the end of each half-cycle. Clearly this enables us to control the current and hence the power in the circuit. If the triac is turned on at the beginning of each half-cycle, then the current flows for all of the time, and maximum power is delivered to the load. If we turn the triac on later in the halfcycle, or if we turn it on only sometimes, then less power is delivered. Depending on when and how often we turn on the triac, we have two modes of operation. If we turn the triac on at the same relative point in each half-cycle, this is called phase control. If we turn the triac on for a cycle or two and then leave it off, it is called burst fire or sometimes whole cycle control. Phase Control Maximum power is delivered to the load when the triac conducts for the whole of each half-cycle, the power ramps down continuously (but not linearly) to zero when the triac does not conduct at all. ISSN: Page 60

5 Burst Fire Maximum power is delivered to the load when the triac conducts for every cycle. As fewer cycles conduct, the average power falls in steps (of 20% in this case). Firing (triggering) the triac For this task, there are a number of ICs that not only generate the appropriate signal but also provide isolation between the mains side and the control side. Just two examples are the MOC3021 for phase control and MOC3041 for burst fire, both from Fairchild and others. The Typical Triac is shown in fig.2. Figure 2 Triac Symbol Any electricity supply has a finite impedance, a property of the cables, transformers, switchgear and ultimately even the generators that make up the system. And like every impedance, when you draw a current, a voltage appears across it that causes the voltage of the supply to drop. The amount that the voltage dips is generally expressed as a percentage of the normal voltage. If you have your own supply, this is at least under your control, but in general this is not the case and you share the electricity supply with anything from a handful to many tens, possibly hundreds, of neighbours. Therefore every time you switch a load on, the voltage to everyone will dip, and recover when you switch off. If this happens repeatedly and frequently, it is called flicker. Incandescent lamps are highly sensitive to voltage variation; the light output is roughly proportional to V3.4 and so there are strict limits set down to define the maximum allowable voltage change, which is related to how often the changes take place. [See Reference] Flicker is a problem for burst fire controllers. The hardware of smart socket include micro control center, ZigBee module, switch driver module, short circuit / overload protection module, power / voltage detection module, local switch circuit and power module. The block diagram is shown in Figure3. ISSN: Page 61

6 Figure 3 Block Diagram of the HA system 3. Results and Conclusions This paper proposes design and implementation of a Home automation and controlling system based on ZigBee networks. Real-time automation is implemented with Zigbee and ARM Microcontroller. Clients can monitor their homes and send light control commands using the web or a smart phone by adding a GSM module to the above design. This system can be applied in many areas such as elderly protecting systems, cultural heritage or forest fire monitoring systems, managing systems for agricultural cultivation and so on. As a future work, we consider expansion of the system using various sensors and actuators with GSM and GPRS. Fig. 4 shows the Designed Home automation system. Fig.5 Shows the Output of the LCD screen on the monitoring system to indicate the sensor data. Figure 4 Designed Home Automation system prototype Figure 5 Output on the Designed LCD display Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments which were very helpful in improving the quality and presentation of this paper. References: [1] X. H. Zhang, C. L. Zhang, and J. L. Fang, Smart sensor nodes for wireless soil temperature monitoring systems in precision agriculture, Nongye Jixie Xuebao, vol. 40, pp , [2] QIN Tinghao, DOU Xiaoqian, Application of ZigBee Technology in Wireless Sensor Network, Instrumentation Technology, 2007, pp ISSN: Page 62

7 [3] Y. Ha, Dynamic Integration of Zigbee Home Networks into Home Gateways Using OSGi Service Registry, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, (2009). [4] J. W. H. Qin, The Design of Wireless Intelligent Home System Base on ZigBee, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Communication Technology, (2008), November 10-12, Hangzhou, China. [5] D. Yan and Z. Dan, ZigBee-based Smart Home System Design, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, (2010), August 20-22, Chengdu, China. [6] IEEE : Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY)specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs), (2006). [7] Z. Shunyang X. Du, J. Yongping and W. Riming, Realization of Home Remote Control Network Based on ZigBee, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, (2007), August 16-18, Xian, China. [8] A Fang, X. Xu, W. Yang and L. Zhang, The Realization of Intelligent Home by ZigBee Wireless Network Technology, Proceedings of the 2009 Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuit, Communications and System, (2009), May 16-17, Chengdu, China. Authors Profile: Yarlagadda Sruthi is Pursuing her M. Tech from Chirala Engineering College, Chirala in the department of Electronics & Communications Engineering (ECE) with specialization in VLSI & Embedded systems. A.SIRISHA is working as an Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics & Communication Engineering in Chirala Engineering College, Chirala. She has completed masters from JNTUK. He has over 5 years of teaching experience. ISSN: Page 63