Neuroanatomy. Dr. Steinmetz
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1 1 Neuroanatomy Dr. Steinmetz Outline 2 1
2 Outline Parts of the Nervous System CNS (Central Nervous System) = Brain & Spinal Cord PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) = all neurons found outside of the skull and spine 2
3 Outline 5 Brain Stem & Cerebellum 6 3
4 7 Cranial Nerves Summary of the functions of each cranial nerve Red lines are afferent signals Blue lines are efferent signals 8 Plate 5.7 on page 85 of your human neuroanatomy book This is the figure that I will use to test your knowledge of cranial nerves on the neuroanatomy lab practicals. 4
5 Outline 9 Midbrain 10 Superior Colliculus - vision tracking Inferior Colliculus - sound localization Tegmentum - nuclei for eye movement & control Substania Nigra dopamine input to basal ganglion in forebrain 5
6 Outline 11 Brain Divisions: Forebrain 12 Limbic System Sensory / Motor Regulation Learning & Memory Internal Body States 6
7 Amygdala 13 Emotion Regulation Assesses Stimulus value Thalamus 14 Sensory / Motor Regulation 7
8 Hippocampus 15 Learning & Memory Hypothalamus 16 motivational states Hunger Satiety Reproduction Sleep 8
9 Outline 17 Corpus Callosum 18 Connects 2 hemispheres 9
10 Cerebral Lobes 19 Occipital Lobe - center for vision - processing of visual sensory information Cerebral Lobes 20 Temporal Lobe - center for hearing, memory, associations, internal areas = gustatory processing 10
11 Cerebral Lobes 21 Parietal Lobe - center for somatosensory information / complex visual processes, associations Separated from the frontal lobe by the Central Sulcus Cerebral Lobes 22 Frontal Lobe - complex thought, reasoning, personality, motor system, & olfactory and flavor processing 11
12 Outline 23 Spinal Cord Anatomy 24 Dorsal Root Ganglion Motor Output Motor Output Sensory nerves enter the dorsal horn of spinal cord Motor nerves exit the ventral horn of spinal cord 12
13 Outline 25 Blood Supply to the Brain 26 Stroke = lack of blood or O 2 to the brain Aneurysm = blockage / rupture of blood vessel Blood is toxic to CNS neurons Blood-Brain barrier 13
14 The fluid in your CNS = CSF 27 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) = ultrafiltered blood Acts as a supporting cushion Both externally between the brain and the skull / spinal cord And internally to prevent collapse Exact function unknown: (supply / waste) Turns over 3 times a day 0.5 liter per day Ventricles Side view Bottom view Front view 14
15 29 Hydrocephalus water on the brain Outline 30 15
16 Peripheral Nervous System 31 Somatic voluntary control of body movements Autonomic automatic control Sympathetic (arousing) Parasympathetic (calming) Autonomic Nervous System 32 2 components control involuntary functions: Sympathetic Stimulation Fight or Flight (survival) Parasympathetic Relaxation Restore homeostasis (conserve resources) 16
17 Autonomic Nervous System 33 2 components control involuntary functions: Sympathetic Stimulation Fight or Flight (survival) Activated fast by connected neural pathways Norepinephrine (NE) Parasympathetic Relaxation Restore homeostasis (conserve resources) Activated slower by individual neural pathways Acetylcholine (ACh) For next time: 34 Read Chapter 3 Work on Week 1 & 2 Neuroanatomy Lab 17
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