Chapter 4 Covalent Bonds Compounds and Their Bonds Formed between two nonmetals in 4A, 5A, 6A, and
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1 Chapter 4 Compounds and Their Bonds 4.5 Polyatomic Ions 4.6 Covalent Compounds 4.7 Bond Polarity Covalent Bonds Formed between two nonmetals in 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A Nonmetals have high electronegativity values Electrons are shared single bond shares one pair electrons double bond shares two pairs electrons triple bond shares three pairs electrons LecturePLUS Timberlake 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake 2 Indicate whether a bond between the following would be 1) Ionic 2) covalent A. sodium and oxygen B. nitrogen and oxygen C. phosphorus and chlorine D. calcium and sulfur E. chlorine and bromine Indicate whether a bond between the following would be 1) Ionic 2) covalent 1 A. sodium and oxygen 2 B. nitrogen and oxygen 2 C. phosphorus and chlorine 1 D. calcium and sulfur 2 E. chlorine and bromine LecturePLUS Timberlake 3 LecturePLUS Timberlake 4 Covalent Bonds Two nonmetal atoms form a covalent bond because they have less energy after they bonded H + H H : H = H H = H 2 hydrogen molecule LecturePLUS Timberlake 5 Diatomic Molecules Gases that exist as diatomic molecules are H 2, F 2, N 2, O 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 octets N + N N:::N triple bond LecturePLUS Timberlake 6 1
2 Use the name of the element to name the following diatomic molecules. H 2 N 2 hydrogen nitrogen Use the name of the element to name the following diatomic molecules. H 2 N 2 hydrogen nitrogen Cl 2 Cl 2 chlorine O 2 O 2 oxygen I 2 I 2 iodine LecturePLUS Timberlake 7 LecturePLUS Timberlake 8 Covalent Bonds in NH 3 Bonding pairs H H : N : H Lone pair of electrons LecturePLUS Timberlake 9 Naming Binary Covalent Compounds Two nonmetals Name each element End the last element in ide Add prefixes to show more than 1 atom Prefixes mon 1 penta 5 di 2 hexa 6 tri 3 tetra 4 LecturePLUS Timberlake 10 Fill in the blanks to complete the following names of covalent compounds. CO CO 2 PCl 3 CCl 4 N 2 O carbon oxide carbon phosphorus chloride carbon chloride nitrogen oxide CO CO 2 PCl 3 CCl 4 N 2 O carbon monoxide carbon dioxide phosphorus trichloride carbon tetrachloride dinitrogen monoxide LecturePLUS Timberlake 11 LecturePLUS Timberlake 12 2
3 A. P 2 O 5 1) phosphorus oxide 2) phosphorus pentoxide 3) diphosphorus pentoxide B. Cl 2 O 7 1) dichlorine heptoxide 2) dichlorine oxide 3) chlorine heptoxide C. Cl 2 1) chlorine 2) dichlorine 3) dichloride LecturePLUS Timberlake 13 A. P 2 O 5 3) diphosphorus pentoxide B. Cl 2 O 7 1) dichlorine heptoxide C. Cl 2 1) chlorine LecturePLUS Timberlake 14 Electronegativity The attraction of an atom for electrons is called its electronegativity. Fluorine has the greatest electronegativity. The metals have low electronegativities. Bond Polarity: Nonpolar Nonpolar covalent bond Electrons are shared between atoms with the same electronegativity values. Difference = 0 Examples: N 2 Br 2 LecturePLUS Timberlake 15 LecturePLUS Timberlake 16 Bond Polarity: Polar Polar covalent bond Electrons are shared between different nonmetal atoms Examples: OCl OS NCl Bond Polarity: Ionic Ionic bond Electrons are transferred between metal and nonmetal atoms NaCl KF LecturePLUS Timberlake 17 LecturePLUS Timberlake 18 3
4 Identify the type of bond between the following atoms A. KN B. NO C. ClCl A. KN 3) ionic B. NO 2) polar C. ClCl 1) nonpolar LecturePLUS Timberlake 19 LecturePLUS Timberlake 20 Polyatomic Ions A group of atoms with an overall charge. NH + 4 ammonium OH hydroxide NO 3 nitrate NO 2 nitrite CO 3 2 HCO 3 hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) LecturePLUS Timberlake 21 More Polyatomic Ions Sulfur SO 2 4 sulfate SO 2 3 sulfite HSO 4 hydrogen sulfate HSO 3 hydrogen sulfite Phosphate PO 3 4 phosphate PO 3 3 HPO 4 2 H 2 PO 4 _ dihydrogen phosphate LecturePLUS Timberlake 22 Naming Ternary Compounds Contain at least 3 elements Name the nonmetals as a polyatomic ion Examples: NaNO 3 Sodium nitrate K 2 SO 4 Al(HCO 3 ) 3 Potassium sulfate Aluminum bicarbonate or Aluminum hydrogen carbonate Match each set with the correct name: A. Na 2 CO 3 1) magnesium sulfite MgSO 3 2) magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 3) sodium carbonate B. Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 1) calcium carbonate CaCO 3 Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2) calcium phosphate 3) calcium bicarbonate LecturePLUS Timberlake 23 LecturePLUS Timberlake 24 4
5 A. Na 2 CO 3 3) sodium carbonate MgSO 3 1) magnesium sulfite MgSO 4 2) magnesium sulfate B. Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 3) calcium bicarbonate CaCO 3 1) calcium carbonate Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2) calcium phosphate A. aluminum nitrate 1) AlNO 3 2) Al(NO) 3 3) Al(NO 3 ) 3 B. copper(ii) nitrate 1) CuNO 3 2) Cu(NO 3 ) 2 3) Cu 2 (NO 3 ) C. Iron (III) hydroxide 1) FeOH 2) Fe 3 OH 3) Fe(OH) 3 D. Tin(IV) hydroxide 1) Sn(OH) 4 2) Sn(OH) 2 3) Sn 4 (OH) LecturePLUS Timberlake 25 LecturePLUS Timberlake 26 A. aluminum nitrate 3) Al(NO 3 ) 3 B. copper(ii) nitrate 2) Cu(NO 3 ) 2 C. Iron (III) hydroxide 3) Fe(OH) 3 D. Tin(IV) hydroxide 1) Sn(OH) 4 LecturePLUS Timberlake 27 5
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UTID: 2013 Objective Test Section Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. There is only one correct answer; please carefully bubble your choice on the scantron sheet.
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Introduction to Chemistry Exam 2 Practice Problems 1 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.Atoms consist principally of what three