Examples of research on smart grid solutions

Transcription

1 Examples of research on smart grid solutions KTH Royal Institute of Technology Dr. Carl Johan Wallnerström, Professor Lina Bertling Tjernberg, KTH, School of Electrical Engineering

2 AGENDA The Swedish Coordination Council for Smart Grid - Appointed by the Swedish Government to develop a knowledge platform and a road map Smart Grid Gotland - A Swedish Smart Grid demonstration project Analysis of some novel power system solutions - Commissioned by The Swedish Coordination Council and in collaboration with Smart Grid Gotland KTH/SweGRIDS - Coordinates and sponsors a large number of research projects in the smart grid area 2

3 The Swedish Coordination Council for Smart Grid Mission 1. Knowledge platform Coordinate and stimulate cooperation, knowledge transfer and discussions among stakeholders 2. Road map Deliver a plan for how to stimulate development of smart grid in Sweden incl. R&D and to remove barriers Key facts: Appointed by the Swedish Government Assignment: Aug 12-Dec members: key positions within industry, governmental authorities and academia Present a national action plan for the period by Dec 1,

4 Smart Grid Gotland Aim: to show how it is possible to modernize an existing power system to connect more renewable energy while maintaining or improving power quality. Timetable: - starting in first physical installation (photovoltaic) October November 2013 began the installation of smart meters commenced the installation of new control and monitoring systems Participants: Vattenfall, ABB, Swedish National Grid, Schneider Electric, KTH, and Energy Agency 4

5 Smart Grid Gotland 5

6 Smart Grid Gotland Overview of the power system of Gotland: - HVDC (2*130 MW, 150 kv, 96 KM sea cable) - 2 HVDC light links 70 km transfer wind power from South (Näs) to North (Visby): 70 kv (200 km) + 30 kv (100 km) - Regional grid 20 x 70/30 kv + 3 x 30/10 kv - Local grid 10 kv (2 000 km) - Sub-Stations 10/0.4 kv (approx ) - More than 400 breakers/disconnectors Wind Power MW (max 195 MW allowed with traditional technique) - Production (2011), 340 GW (38 % of consumption) - Sometimes export energy to the mainland already today. 6

7 Investigating some novel solutions Overview Commissioned by: Swedish Coordination Council for Smart Grid The main goal is to complement other projects initiated by the Coordination Council to cover some of the key areas that have been identified in a pre-study Scope: Smart solutions from a system perspective. Conduct analysis which includes: - Weather synergies, aggregation of local electricity generation with electricity consumption, facilitate renewable integration - Energy storage - Dynamic rating - Automation of protective equipment risks and possibilities - Discussion of future need of education and research 7

8 Investigating some novel solutions Overview and initial analyses Input data: - Data from and in collaboration with Smart Grid Gotland: Load, production and system data - Reliability data - Huge amount of hourly weather data from 40 years (since some month Swedish weather data is free to use) Initial analyses using data to e.g. identifying interesting synergies Developing electricity consumption and production models Investigating opportunities that electricity production and consumption to some extent cancel each other Analyses of overloading 8

9 Investigating some novel solutions Implementation in NEPLAN Model in NEPLAN - Illustrative, good as demonstration - A lot of different kinds of analyses possible in NEPLAN, e.g. a good reliability module 9

10 Investigating some novel solutions Implementation in MATLAB A flexible model Analyses of acceptance limits (transfer capacity) - Scenarios with a) same transfer limits due to export and import, b) different limits and c) only one direction possible - Traditional static rating or dynamic rating Analysis of an area connected to the grid that can consist of one, several or all of following categories: - Wind power - Energy storage - Solar energy - Electricity consumers 10

11 Investigating some novel solutions Dynamic rating The capacity of a component is dynamically varying as a function of external parameters such as weather, load history and diagnostic indicators Power consumtion [%] (average) Temperature [ C] Capacity [% of static rating] Capacity [% of static rating] Wind speed [m/s] Temperature [ C] 11

12 Investigating some novel solutions Energy storage Technique neutral requirement list for different scenarios Low utilization, perhaps additional use Interesting to analyze synergies with other solutions Most relevant of handle smaller amounts of overload Percentage of time the energy storage is used Electricity generation, wind power Power consumption Electricity generation, solar power Size of the energy storage Electricity generation, wind power Power consumption Electricity generation, solar power [%] Usage of the energy storage during 2 years [%] 10 8 [Energy*] [hour] 3 selected days from the upper figure [%] [% of how much that can be installed without energy storage] [% of how much that can be installed without energy storage] [hour] 12

13 Investigating some novel solutions Reliability aspects and future knowledge needs New risks and opportunitets - Need to develop new analysis methods - Combined risk analysis for the primary and secondary systems - More common cause failures? Dynamic rating and energy storage to increase reliability? Future competence needs - Multidisciplinary nature - Important to gather different research fields and review changes of educational needs - Both academic and workplace education - Gather expertise from the industry and from universities within joint projects 13

14 SweGRIDS (Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy Storage) KTH and Uppsala University A partnership of academia, industry and public utilities, with major funding from the Swedish Energy Agency as well as the corporate partners. Development of electric power grids that can reliably and economically handle higher proportions of renewable generation and widespread energy trading. Currently around 40 research projects, each involving industrial and academic researchers working with a PhD student or PostDoc. 14

15 SweGRIDS (Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy Storage) Five areas: - MATERIAL: new/improved materials, e.g. for insulation, conductive contacts, storage devices. - STORAGE: design and maintenance of power components for enhanced controllability and loading - INSTINCT: information & communications technology for monitoring and control of the electric grid - SMARTPOWER: system aspects such as stability, efficiency, economics, markets Phase 1: Phase 2:

16 Questions? Carl Johan Wallnerström, Lina Bertling, 16