Platts Methodology and Perspectives on Bunker Fuel Markets

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Julius Atkinson
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2 Market Overview Physical residual fuel oil market Residual fuel oil swaps US bunkers Latin American bunkers 2

3 Residual Fuel Oil Swaps USAC 1%S fuel oil swaps saw pickup in backwardation in 2014, due to lack of prompt supply What caused the supply tightness? Less LSFO output from Atlantic Coast refineries as result of more crude throughput with a higher API Higher API=Less fuel oil Increased demand for fuel oil for power generation USAC experienced one of coldest winters on record Natural gas prices spiked to as high as $120/MMBtu (around $670/b) 3

4 LSFO Backwardation also saw record highs M1-M2 Spread, Atlantic Coast 1%S ($/b) J F M A M (0.50) (1.00)

5 Wider Hi-lo spread for 2014 vs J F M A M

6 However. USAC 1%S M1 Swap Outright Prices J F M A M Outright prices until mid- April in 2014 were lower than in Similarly, the USAC 1%S swap in 2014 was relatively weaker to Brent than it was in 2013 USAC 1%S M1 Brent Crack Swap J F M A M

7 Bunkers: US East Coast The average spread between IFO 380 CST New York and the front-month Brent crude contract widened 15% from 2013 $10.98/b, Brent-380 New York, Jan-June 2013 $12.63/b, Brent-380 New York, Jan-June 2014 High Sulfur bunker fuel in USAC rebounded in Q2 Jan-March, 380 CST New York averaged 5% lower than Q ($95.87/b) Apr-Jun, 380 CST New York averaged 3% higher than Q ($96.14/b) 7

8 Brent crude 380 CST NY IFO spread New York Brent New York (2013) Brent (2013) Jan-14 2-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 2-Apr-14 2-May-14 2-Jun-14

9 Bunkers: US Canada & West Coast Sluggish demand edged down HS bunkers at Vancouver/Seattle ports. Vancouver Jan-Jun avg: 2013: $632.50/mt ex-wharf 2014: $607.90/mt ex-wharf (-3.9%) Seattle Jan-Jun avg: 2013: $618.70/mt ex-wharf 2014: $591.60/mt ex-wharf (-4.4%) The average spread between high sulfur bunkers in Seattle and Vancouver has widened 18% in Jan-Jun 2013: 380 CST Van 380 CST Sea = $13.80/mt Jan-Jun 2014: 380 CST Van-380 CST Sea = $16.30/mt 9

10 IFO 380 CST Vancouver Seattle spread Seattle Seattle 2013 Vancouver Vancouver Jan-14 2-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 2-Apr-14 2-May-14 2-Jun-14

11 Bunkers: Panama vs Houston The spread between the IFO 380 CST Houston price and IFO 380 CST Balboa will fluctuate due to fierce supplier competition. In Q1, IFO 380 CST Panama held a $24.60/mt average premium over IFO 380 CST Houston, due to limited supplies on the wake of loading delays. During May, the average premium fell to $10.90/mt, due to low seasonal demand and ample supplies. On June 16, IFO 380 CST Panama was at a $2/mt discount to Houston for the first time in the year. 11

12 Narrowing Houston-Panama spread IFO 380 CST Houston IFO 380 CST Balboa Jan-14 2-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 2-Apr-14 2-May-14 2-Jun-14 12

13 Platts methodology changes - Intro to Platts assessments - Changes made in Upcoming proposed changes 13

14 Platts An introduction Editorial and market assessments are conducted with complete Independence & Impartiality

15 Platts An introduction Enabling the markets to perform with greater Transparency & Efficiency Since

16 Platts An introduction Boston Denver Pittsburgh New York Hightstown Evergreen Houston Washington London Lausanne Moscow Dubai Beijing Shanghai Tokyo Hong Kong Singapore São Paulo Buenos Aires Cape Town

17 Benchmark Price Assessments Key spot markets ARA (Amsterdam Rotterdam Antwerp) Houston Singapore

18 Market on Close in Depth Methodology What is being assessed A robust must define How data is collected Platts Price Discovery Process How data is analyzed to produce a final value

19 What is being assessed

20 Methodology changes: Portland bunkers MH1500 SUBSCRIBER NOTE: Platts has reduced Portland bunker volumes effective Feb 3 Houston (Platts)--5Feb2014/1215 pm EST/1715 GMT Platts has amended the volumes reflected in its bunker fuel assessments for Portland, Oregon, to mt effective February 3. Previously, volumes reflected in these assessments are 500-2,000 mt. This reduction in the sizes reflected follows feedback to a proposal note Platts published October 15, The reduction in reflected volumes for both high sulfur bunkers and low sulfur bunkers follows feedback from market suppliers that typical sales and supply volumes generally are in the mt range for each stem supplied. Research shows smaller bunker volumes are sold in Portland compared with other US West Coast ports because of draft restrictions along the Columbia River. This update to volumes reflected affects the following high sulfur assessments: ex-wharf 380 CST bunker fuel (Platts market data code PBAAX00), ex-wharf 180 CST bunker fuel (PUADJ00), delivered 380 CST bunker fuel (AAGRO00) and delivered 180 CST bunker fuel (AAGRL00). The following low sulfur assessments also will be affected: ex-wharf 1%S 380 CST bunker fuel (AAWTB00), ex-wharf 1%S 180 CST bunker fuel (AAWSZ00), delivered 1%S 380 CST bunker fuel (AAWTA00) and delivered 1%S 180 CST bunker fuel (AAWSY00). Finally, the following Marine Gasoil assessments will be affected: delivered MGO (AAWYE00) and exwharf MDO (AAWYX00). These assessments appear in Platts Bunkerwire and on PGA pages 860 and 862. Please send any further questions and comments to americas_products@platts.com and pricegroup@platts.com 20

21 Methodology changes: USAC Resid lot size MH1500 SUBSCRIBER NOTE: Platts changes USAC residual fuel oil cargo size Houston (Platts)--1Apr2014/1227 pm EDT/1627 GMT Following industry feedback, Platts has changed the cargo size considered for assessment of all residual fuel oil cargoes delivered in the US Atlantic Coast with effect from April 1, Platts initially proposed to amend the size of cargoes reflected in its assessments in a subscriber note published on June 7. Under the change, cargo sizes used for the assessment have been reduced from 120,000 barrels to 50,000 barrels. This move brings Platts assessments more closely in line with current prevailing industry norms. Spot barge availability in the Atlantic Coast has evolved in recent years, as larger barges have typically moved to the US Gulf Coast, leaving smaller barges in the USAC markets. Platts continues to assess the market on a delivered basis. Please send any further comments to americas_products@platts.com and pricegroup@platts.com. For written comments, please provide a clear indication if comments are not intended for publication by Platts for public viewing. Platts will consider all comments received and will make comments not marked as confidential available upon request. 21

22 Upcoming changes: Tighter 2015 specs Ships operating up to 200 nautical miles off of U.S. shores need to comply with 0.1%S in bunker fuel by Jan All of Platts US and Canadian bunker assessments will be affected. Given the swing market in Panama, with US fuel ships calling there frequently instead of the USGC, Panama needs to be included although Latin America in general does not fall under ECA. Proposal to launch parallel 0.1% S assessments 22

23 Will new specs be a dirty or clean spec? Qualities IFO 380CST (Generally follows RMG 380CST) MGO Approximate Kinematic Viscosity At 50 degrees C, max 380 cst 40 degrees C, 1.5 min CST Flash point 60 degrees C min 60 degrees C min Pour point (upper) winter quality 30 C maximum 6 degrees C summer quality 30 C maximum 0 degrees C Ash 0.15 m/m maximum 0.01% max Sulfur maximum 3.5%S 0.1%S Vanadium max 300 mg/kg - Aluminium plus silicon 80 mg/kg max - Cetane index minimum - 40 water 0.5% max - Zinc - max 15 mg/kg Phosphorus - max 15 mg/kg Calcium - max 30 mg/kg 23

24 LA bunkers increase delivery dates? Los Angeles Singapore

Methodology and Specifications Guide

] www.platts.com Methodology and Specifications Guide Bunker Fuels & Tankers 2 Europe 2 United States & Latin America 2 Asia 3 Singapore-UAE-Korea-Australia 3 Hong Kong 3 Japan 3 POSTED PRICES 4 SHIPPING