CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. science, technology, medicine, diplomacy, sports, international

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1 S a r i 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND In this globalization era the usage of English has been so common. It has become an International language in which it is well established around the world. It is the main language used in books, newspapers, airport and traffic control, international business and academic conferences, science, technology, medicine, diplomacy, sports, international competitions, pop music and advertising ( 28 June 2013). In other words, the function of English as an International language in this globalization era makes many countries in this world that do not use it as the mother tongue try to master it as their second language. Thus make the society in those countries become bilingual because they can speak more than one language. According to Haugen, there is no need however for a bilingual to use both his language, it is enough that he know them. It also can be said knowledge of two language (309). It means that bilingualism can be defined as simply know the second language. For example Chinese who can not master English as they mastering mandarin. They are not fluent in talking using English but they use it in their daily speaking. However, they still can be called by bilingual.

2 S a r i 2 Indonesia is a country which has so many islands and each islands has its own language or it is called local language. Thus make Indonesia become rich of languages and the society become not only bilingual but also multilingual. Let s pick a javanesse as an example. A Javanesse may speak Javanesse as a mother tongue, then they learn Bahasa Indonesia as the second language when they study in formal school. At that time, the javanesse become bilingual. Moreover, s/he is introduced with English as the foreign language which make the javanesse become multilingual. It is similar with the theory from Haugen about bilingualism, the javanesse is also can be called a multilingual even s/he can not master javanesse, Bahasa Indonesia and English in the same competence. The multilingualism in Indonesia becomes an interesting object to be analyzed by scholars. Indonesian people, who interact using words in Bahasa Indonesia and sometimes other foreign languages, for instance English, may use them alternately. By this condition, it is possible for them to use all those languages while they are talking. They can mix their languages from one code to another or it is known as code mixing. According to Mayerhoff, code mixing generally refers to alternations between varieties, or codes, within a clause or phrase (287). Code mixing can possibly happen in various ways, where there is a multilingual community. Moreover, there have been a number of researchers who try to analyze this phenomenon now and then. The appeal of code mixing in multilingual community in Indonesia has challenged

3 S a r i 3 those researchers to analyze them. The phenomenon happen in multilingual communities, novel-writings, movies and pop songs in Indonesia have been popular objects for code switching and code mixing analysis. The use of some particular codes is influenced by whom someone is talking to; in this case, is called a participant. The participant can lead code mixing happens, for example, the speaker wants to follow the speaking ability or manner of the participant (Chaer 109). As a city of education, Yogyakarta is populated with countless students; it makes a good example to explain the theory. Let s pick a sample; students from West Java may speak Bahasa Indonesia and Sundanese as their mother tongue. They will use Bahasa Indonesia with other students who speak Bahasa Indonesia as their first language, for instance students from Jakarta. Therefore if the students from West Java meet the other students from the same region, they may exclusively converse and mix their code with Sundanese. The way participants influence the use of code mixing can be found as example- in broadcasted television (TV) programs. For the sake of this research, the writer lays eyes on Just Alvin Talk Show. According to the form, talk show is considered as an effective medium to analyze code mixing in the conversations made by the host and the guests. this is due to multilingual communities that participate in the talk show. Moreover, conversations between the host and guests happen in spontaneous manner. Talk show is defined in Erving Goffman as fresh talk that is, talk that

4 S a r i 4 appears to be generated word by word and in a spontaneous manner. ( Museum TV 13 March 2013). Just Alvin is deliberately designed to be different from other entertainments talk show in Indonesia for its formula and host. The program is not live shows like Kick Andy, Mel s Update, Show_Imah, HitamPutih, Bukan Empat Mata, etc that involve audience in the studio to watch the show. Alvin Adam as the producer of this talk show program intends to make the guests feel comfortable and enjoy sharing the story of their lives even to their sensitive experiences. In addition, Alvin Adam s background as the actor in some films and TV series, presenter and entertainer makes this guy a perfect host for Just Alvin talk show. Beside the said background, Alvin Adam is also blessed with great talent to interview his guests. He usually starts with some chit-chats to warm up the atmosphere before going with the heavy stuff. He treats his guests properly without pre-judgment and these make him become naturally close to the guests. Just Alvin is well known by its ability to present guests who are difficult to be presented in other talk shows and Alvin Adam is able to make the guests feel comfortable to share their untold secret. For a prove, willingness of Cut Tari to tell her post case about her controversial video with Ariel. The recorded video of Cut Tari in Just Alvin talk show can be seen in ( In this research, the studio host, Alvin Adam is the focus to analyze. His success in creating friendly air in the studio which allows the

5 S a r i 5 guests to enjoy the interview must have relation with his ability to mix the best codes to interview the guests. Most guests are celebrities and famous people for instance actor, actress, comedian, singer, religious figure etc. Those who come are well-known people whose issues become public discussion. In Just Alvin talk show, Alvin Adam as the host meets many celebrities from different regions, ages, jobs, problems and issues. So it is hardly possible for him to use similar codes in facing those different participants. The use of different codes is needed by Alvin Adam to create an intimacy and friendly atmosphere so that the guest who comes from various background can enjoy being in that talk show program and being interviewed by the host. In this research the writer wants to know how Alvin Adam uses different codes towards three different guests who have various backgrounds that are Agnes Monica, KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar and Sule.. B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. How are the occurrences of code mixing made by Just Alvin host in three episodes? 2. What are the forms and types of code mixing used by Alvin Adam? 3. What causes code mixing used by Alvin Adam?

6 S a r i 6 C. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH This study attempts to analyze code mixings used by Alvin Adam based on the three episodes with different guests. In this case Agnes Monica, a singer who has gone to international fame, KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar, a famous religious figure in Indonesia and Sule, a successful comedian. Moreover this study attempts 1. to identify the occurrences of code mixing by Alvin Adam on three episodes 2. to analyze the forms and types of code mixing used by Alvin Adam. 3. to identify and explain the causes of code mixing made by Alvin Adam. D. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is a sociolinguistic study that focuses on code mixing. The data is taken from a talk show entitled Just Alvin which is aired on Metro TV on Sundays at PM. This research focuses on code mixing by the host of Just Alvin talk show that is Alvin Adam. There are three episodes chosen by the writer since this research purposes to analyze the codes used by Alvin Adam towards different guests invited to the studio. The three episodes used are: 1. This Is Me with Agnes Monica as the main guest 2. Zero to Hero with Sule 3. Kala Hidup Harus Memilih with KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar.

7 S a r i 7 Those three episodes are chosen because those three main guests; Agnes Monica, Sule and KH Abdullah Gymnastiar come from various backgrounds. More information about the guests is explained in the appendices. In this research, the data analyzed are all utterances produced by the host of this TV program in response to the main guests. In three episodes choosen as the source of data in this research, there are about three or four guests invited to the show, but there is just one who is interviewed most. The other guests are just supported guests who are usually some friends of the main guests. The utterances from the guests are not subject of analysis but they are needed to identify the reason of Alvin Adam mixing his codes. E. CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY This research attempts to give more reference related to code mixing to the students of Universitas Gadjah Mada. Moreover, this research tries to give contributions for the development of sociolinguistic study in English Department of Universitas Gadjah Mada. F. METHODOLOGY 1. Method of Data Collection The data in this research are taken from http/ (13 March 2013). The writer accessed three episodes of Just Alvin Talk Show, titled This is me, Zero to Hero and Kala Hidup Harus Memilih. The

8 S a r i 8 videos are all complete versions. It means the videos play complete scenes from the beginning of the program until the end. The episodes were selected because the writer wants to get episodes whose guests have different backgrounds. The data to analyze are all utterances by the host in response to the main guests in the three episodes. Some utterances from the guests are also included to help the writer analyze the third objective of this research that is to identify the reason of Just Alvin s host mixes his code. 2. The Method of Analyzing the Data In analyzing the data, firstly the conversations in the video which contain code mixing are transcribed. Ultimately, the written data are analyzed using quantitative method and descriptive qualitative method in response to the research questions of this graduating paper. The methods of the research are elaborated more on chapter three of this graduating paper. G. PRESENTATION This research is divided into five chapters. After the first chapter which explains the background, research questions, objectives of the research, scope of the study and contribution of the study, Chapter two is about theoretical background that elaborates talk show and some ideas from experts related to code mixing. Therefore, there is also literature review which explains the previous researches on the topic of code switching and code mixing. The third chapter is methodology that explains the method of

9 S a r i 9 collecting and analyzing the data. The chapter four is the research analysis which describes the analysis result, the last chapter is the conclusion.