Communications, Cyber-Physical Security, Sensors, Embedded Systems

Transcription

1 Communications, Cyber-Physical Security, Sensors, Embedded Systems Chair: Mr. Igor Alvarado, National Instruments Corp. Co-Chair: Dr. P.R. Kumar, TAMU Room 2500

2 Research Topics Cyber-Physical Systems for the Smart Grid Communications Control Sensors/Actuators Embedded Systems Cyber-Security Testbeds Co-design, Co-Simulation tools Education/Training/Certification Integration with other services/technologies and humans: Data Analytics Networking Visualization, Smart Grid Microgrid integration, etc. HMIs, Haptics, AR, VR

3 Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Smart Building blocks Grids and Microgrids (Embedded) Control Embedded Systems Sensors/Actuators Communications Computation Cyber-security Advances in CPS research can be accelerated by close collaborations between academic disciplines in computation, communication, control, and other engineering and computer science disciplines, coupled with grand challenge applications (such a Smart Grids and networked microgrids). NSF Image courtesy of S. Stein, et al, University of Oslo

4 CPS Definition Cyber physical systems (CPS) are the next generation of engineered systems, that require tight integration of computing, communication, and control technologies to achieve stability, performance, reliability, robustness, and efficiency in dealing with physical systems of many application domains. CPSs are typically required to adapt to various changes in internal and external factors: adaptation by switching between operation modes hybrid automaton, linear hybrid automata, etc. Real-time scheduling Source: P.R. Kumar, et al, TAMU

5 Multi-Personality, Software-Defined Hardware: Reconfigurable Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Alarm Event Recorder Recloser Control Transformer Monitoring Sectionalizer Control Phasor Measurement Unit Inverter, Battery, Capacitor Control Substation Automation Demand Response Metering Power Quality Analyzer Microgrid Control

6 Testbeds for Rapid Prototyping, Validation, Training. Sensing and Actuation Computation Communications (Embedded) Control Communications

7 What are the key challenges? Embedded Systems RTOSes, Firmware, Modularity, Reconfigurability, Reliability, MTTR, Tech Specs, Open Source SW/HW, Virtualization Control Classic vs. Other (ANNs, Fuzzy, Genetic Algorithms, etc.), Model-based vs. Measurements-based, Adaptive vs. Fixed, Predictive Sensors/Actuators Resolution (ADC/DAC), Sampling Speed (S/s), connectivity, calibration, buspowered, new interfaces, etc. Communications: Wired/Wireless/Networked/Self-healing/Protocols, Topologies, etc. Computation: Programming tool, Solvers, AI/Machine Learning, Cognition Real-time vs. Off-line, Centralized vs. Decentralized Cyber-security GPS Spoofing, High-Impact/Low-Frequency Risks, Resilience to attacks

8 What research topics would you propose? With what priority? Embedded Systems Control Sensors/Actuators/Perception Communications Computation/Cognition Cyber-security

9 RS-485 Port RS-232 Port ENET Port ENET Port USB Port PT 120V input CT 5A input LEA Input DIO GPS IRIG Com Port Expansion PMU C37.118:2011 HMI Interface Web Services PQA Logging COMTRADE IEC DNP3 Resampling Digital/Relay Control Data Reduction GPS/Time Sync. ANSI Device Algorithms Custom Protocols Embedded Systems SW Processor(s), RTOS Comm. Bus Reconfigurable HW (FPGA) HW Memory Modular I/O and connectivity

10 Example of an Embedded Controller with I/O Modules Comms. Ports CPU + FPGA + Memory I/O Chassis I/O Modules

11 Cyber-Security Cyber-security needs to be integrated with system theory to guarantee resilience of the grid. What do we need to: Make systems more secure Guidelines: Prevent, Deter, Detect, Respond Prior/During/After, Adaptability to scenarios Are current guidelines from NIST, ISA, NERC, IEEE (other) enough?

12 Are CPS Testbeds important for your research? Testbeds can help to create bridges between theory and practice, design and implementation How important are they to test: sensors/actuators embedded controllers communication systems computing platforms and algorithms security schemes/technologies/approaching Smart Grid/Microgrid topologies Systems-level performance, integration (Smart Grids/Microgrids/Hybrids)

13 Example Architecture w/ Testbeds Source: SmartAmerica Challenge, NIST

14 Education/Training: A System Design Approach How important is Education, Training, Certification and Workforce Development? What are the key areas to focus on? Should Research initiatives in Energy CPS put more emphasis on education, training, certification, etc.?

15 Education/Training: A System Design Approach Smart Grid/ Microgrids Advanced Control Embedded Systems Design RF/Comms. Intro to Engineering Intro to Controls (Power) Circuits Signal Processing/ Computation Sensors & Actuators

16 Integration with other services/technologies and humans Data Analytics Networking Visualization, Smart Grid Microgrid integration HMIs, Haptics, AR, VR

17 Grant Proposals & Collaborations Academia & Nat l Labs Points-of-Engagement Synergies Industry Project Ranking & Selection Prioritized Project list Thrust Areas Project Summaries: Director or PI, Co-PIs Problem Statement Current State of Practice & Research Approach and Method Industry Sector Impacted Deliverables Project Plan: tasks, project duration, type, budget. Overall Plan

18 Conclusions Points discussed: Embedded Systems Communications Control Sensors/Actuators Cyber-Security Education/Training/Certification as part of Research Grant Proposals Not discussed (due to time constraints) but mentioned: Testbeds Co-design, Co-Simulation tools

19 Conclusions (Cont d) Studying the benefits (e.g. performance, resilience, etc.) of using more intelligent devices in the field, closer to the I/O signals How to tackle what is really an interdisciplinary problem? The use of reconfigurable general purpose hardware with software tools that can be used by domain experts How to estimate the states of the system, classify them, etc., specially for large, complex systems with thousands of control loops, variables. in real-time

20 Conclusions (Cont d) The use (and security) of different kinds of networks (e.g. sensor networks, controller network, etc.) As the Grid becomes more digital, how to control/keep track of software modifications, versions, patches, etc. How to extract information from more data, from more sensors, from controllers in the network Extremely large distributed control system: how to provide stability, robustness...

21 Conclusions (Cont d) Impact of distributed, decentralized control system in minimizing communications Broad time-scales, time-delays involved System-level design tools that cover different design components (mechanical, EM, electrical, thermal, communications, computation, control, etc). Hybrid system validation, verification, modelchecking of hybrid (discrete/continuous) designs The use of High-Performance Computing tools as part of the CPS

22 Conclusions (Cont d) Cyber-security of single networks vs. coupled networks, resilience to cyber-attacks Transitioning from legacy systems to new controller/communications technologies Predictability: MPC and other adaptive control approaches that can improve performance predictability under changing operating conditions; reliability via redundancy or other means. Education: UG: adapting 4-year program to a system design focus; new books; new content; course compression; more depth needed Grad: more depth needed; system design approach with an interdisciplinary approach

23 Backup Slides

24 New Embedded Technologies Xilinx ZYNQ 667 MHz Dual-Core ARM Cortex-A9 processor 28K Logic Cells (Artix-7) 80 DSP slices, 16 DMA channels 92 Billion calculations per second Source: Xilinx

25 Resilience Construct Source: NERC

26 Response to Severe Events Source: NERC

27 Source: NERC

28 Source: NERC

29 Communications Facilities Source: NERC

30 Source: IEEE