Brazil. Social and economic information. Population growth : 2014: 0.9 % Literacy rate: 92.6 % Gross domestic product/gdp (trillion USD):

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1 Brazil Social and economic information Area : Population: 8,515,770 sq km 2014: million Population growth : 2014: 0.9 % Literacy rate: 92.6 % Gross domestic product/gdp (trillion USD): 2014: 2.35; 2015: 1.8*; 2016: 1.67* Per capita GDP (USD): 2014: 11,573; 2015: 8,802*; 2016: 8,118* GDP growth: 2014: +0.1 %; 2015: -3.0 %*; 2016:-1.0 %* Brazil recorded strong growth for a number of years. For the last two years, however, the country has found itself in a deep political crisis which has also been reflected in its economic performance. Inflation rate: 2013: 6.2 %; 2014: 6.3 %; 2015: 8.9 * Unemployment rate: 2013: 5.4 %; 2014: 4.8 %; 2015: 6.6* Youth unemployment: 2014: 15.2 % Internet users: Mobile phone connections: 2014: 576 per 1,000 inhabitants 2014: 1,390 per 1,000 inhabitants *) Estimates or forecasts Sources: - German Trade and Invest (2015): Wirtschaftsdaten kompakt Brasilien - World Bank (2016): Unemployment, youth total 1

2 Information on the book market Publishers Brazil has an estimated 400 publishing houses. Unfortunately, there are no official statistics to corroborate this figure. Large/important general-interest publishers: Companhia das Letras (Penguin, intellectually and literarily prestigious), Grupo Record, Grupo Rocco, Ediouro (with Nova Fronteira and Agir). Other important or well-known literature publishers: Objetiva, Top Books, Editora Globo (Porto Alegre) and Cosac Naify. In Brazil, the biggest selling publishing groups are education publishers, some of which count among the world s 60 largest publishers. In 2014, Saraiva enjoyed sales of EUR 164 million, closely followed by Editora FTD and Abril Educação (Grupo Abril), which both achieved EUR 163 million. For all three education publishers, this represented an increase in turnover on Livres Hebdo (2015): Ranking 2015, The World s Biggest Publishing Groups, Frankfurt Special 2015, p. 10 and p. 14 Booksellers In 2014 there was a bookshop in 27 % of all localities, a decline from 35 % 15 years ago. Valor, 2015: Brazil s most important book retailing chains Saraiva and Livraria Cultura also sell books online, and there are Internet outlets like Submarino and Lojas Americanas that sell books. In Brazil, Amazon specialises exclusively in the sale of books, and has existed here since Book sales Overall sales for the book industry in 2014 amounted to BRL 277 million (down 0.81 % on the previous year). Categorised by segment, the sales were as follow. General-interest titles 1 : BRL 115 million (41.4 %); religion: BRL 73 million (26.4 %); schoolbooks: BRL 57 million (20.6 %); STM: BRL 32 million (11.3). For school books and religious books, the 2014 figures represented an increase in sales of % and 1.29 % respectively. In contrast, sales of general-interest titles declined by 5.43 %, and STM by 6.13 %. The drop in sales can be explained above all by a fall in book purchases by governmental institutions ( %). 1 For the Brazilian book market, no differentiated figures are available for the fiction and non-fiction segments. The term "general-interest titles" is used to group together all titles that do not fall into the categories of religion, schoolbooks or STM. 2

3 Education system The largest client for the country s book production is the Brazilian state (public-sector procurement of teaching materials). As such, when discussing the sales volume or the number of copies sold, a distinction is always made between the state and the market. However, the state only buys books produced by Brazilian publishers. As a rule, when books are purchased under public-sector programmes they are provided to schoolchildren free of charge. There are 122,716 state schools in Brazil. Some 2,095,013 teachers cater to the needs of 50,545,050 pupils, more than 80 % of whom attend state schools. There are only a few bilingual schools, and these are usually only accessible to the elite. - Ministry of Education, 2012: enso_educacao_basica_2012.pdf While Brazil has 2,391 institutions of tertiary education (universities, colleges, faculties), more than 50 % of all students attend 195 universities. There are 7,305,977 students in total, with 3,898,863 of them enrolled at universities. This number has risen by more than one million in the past four years. Significantly, most of these students (over 70 %) attend private universities census: perior_2013.pdf Distribution channels As in previous years, in 2014 bookshops were again the most important distribution channel for the Brazilian market, with a market share of % (including online sales), an increase of around 4 % in the last few years. This is followed by the wholesale book trade, with a market share of 20.5 %. Another source of sales which is growing in Brazil is the door-to-door sale of books by mobile bookshops. With 8.74 %, this accounted for the third highest share of the market in 2014 (up from 4.97 % in 2011). The remaining 20 % of total distribution figures consist of channels such as churches, supermarkets, schools, etc. Books for language learning are brought into Brazil by a small number of distributors, whereas trade books 2 are imported by the booksellers themselves. Title production/new releases 2014 saw an 8.54 % fall in the number of new releases compared to the previous year (2014: 19,285; 2013: 21,085). At the same time, the number of re-issued titles rose slightly by 0.96 % (2014: 41,544; 2013: 41,150). The number of printed copies (not including schoolbooks) in 2014 was 266,083,035. The average print run is around 1,500 copies (there are no official statistics for this). The total production of books compared to the previous year rose in all segments (general-interest titles: %; schoolbooks: %; STM: %; religion: %). In absolute numbers, the Trade books is used as a term for all general-interest titles, distinguishing them from titles for the academic market. 3

4 book production was as follows. Schoolbooks: 235,288,478 (46.9 %); general-interest titles: 139,758,997 (27.8 %); religion: 82,129,522 (16.3 %) and STM: 44,194,516 (8.8 %). Average book prices In 2014, the average price of a book was BRL (up by 8.22 % on the previous year). A schoolbook cost BRL (+0.12 %). E-Books 2014 saw the production of 4,625 titles as e-books. In the same year, 1,213,062 titles were sold, bringing a total revenue of BRL 16,793, Thus sales in the e-book sector rose by a remarkable 31.5% on the previous year. Rights and licences The economic crisis has also caused a slight fall in German licence sales to Brazil. In 2010, Brazil was still the most important country for German publishers in North or South America, with 157 licenses sold, even outstripping the USA (148 licences. BuBiZ 2015, p. 110). More recently this situation has clearly shifted in favour of the USA (German publishers sold 142 licences to Brazil in 2011, 138 in 2012 and 132 in 2013, as compared with sales to the USA of 192, 156 and 196 licences, in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively). In 2014, having sold 124 licences, Brazil ranked just third in the list of important trading partners for German publishers in the Americas. In that year, Colombia occupied second place (163 licences) behind the USA (191 licences). Source - BuBiZ (2015): Buch und Buchhandel in Zahlen, published by the German Publishers and Booksellers Association, Frankfurt am Main Fixed book prices Brazil does not yet have legally binding fixed book prices. In 2014, Senator Fátina Bezerra of the governing PT party introduced a legislative proposal to that effect, but since then no further steps have been taken in this direction, not least because of the ongoing political crisis. In view of the political impasse in the country, we should not expect this legislation to be taken up again any time soon. Copyright The copyright protection law (Ley 9610 de 1998) came into effect in 1998, replacing the laws that had existed until then. - CERLALC, 4

5 Book fairs The Bienal do Livro alternates between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The Bienal do Livro de São Paulo is the biggest of Brazil s roughly 15 important book fairs. It is a trade fair for the general public at which books are also sold. And the same time it is the most significant meeting for the Brazilian book industry. The next Bienal do Livro will take place in August and September 2016, in São Paulo. In 2010, the Bienal do Livro de São Paulo was staged for the first time by the trade fair organiser Reed. This major British company had bought the Brazilian company Alcantaro Machado in 2009, thereby assuming responsibility for organising the Bienal do Livro. The exhibitors expressed great satisfaction with the new organiser, Reed Alcantaro Machado (RXAM). The Biennial does not have a Guest of Honour. As the event charges between USD 350 and 590 per square metre (depending on time of registration), making it the most expensive book fair in Latin America, it is dominated by large publishing houses. However, the organising publishers association, Câmara Brasileira do Livro (CBL), has increased its efforts to attract the independent publishers to the fair once again. Associations and institutions Câmara Brasileira do Livro (CBL) [Brazilian Book Chamber] Sindicato Nacional dos Editores de Livros (SNEL) [Brazilian Publishers Union] Status: April