L. TIMUĽÁK: Využitie grounded theory method vo výskume psychologického poradenstva a psychoterapie 156

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1 OBSAH 2/2000 P. MALIŠOVÁ - B. MESÁROŠOVÁ: Pohled dětí na svět zvířátek: vývojové aspekty 99 B. MIHINOVÁ: Špecifiká osobnostnej štruktúry adolescentov s delikventnými poruchami správania 110 A. GECKOVÁ - M. PUDELSKÝ - J. TUINSTRA: Kontakty s rovesníkmi, sociálna sieť a sociálna podpora z pohľadu adolescentov 121 PSYCHOLÓGIA A VÝCHOVNO-VZDELÁVACÍ PROCES M. ŠPOTÁKOVÁ - B. TOMČÁNIOVÁ: Sociálna interakcia zdravých a postihnutých detí predškolského veku 137 V. MAČIŠÁKOVÁ: Intervenčný program rozvíjania prosociálneho správania v podmienkach Školy pre mimoriadne nadané deti 149 METODIKY A KONZULTÁCIE L. TIMUĽÁK: Využitie grounded theory method vo výskume psychologického poradenstva a psychoterapie 156 KRÁTKE INFORMÁCIE A. PROKOPČÁKOVÁ: Rodičia a priatelia - ich vplyv na maladjustačné správanie adolescentov 174 DISKUSIA J. VERNARCOVÁ - K. TURČEK: Úvahy o sexuálnej výchove v základných a stredných školách 182 SPRÁVA Za Tamarou Ružičkovou (K. Zborteková) 189 RECENZIE I. PODMANICKÝ - J. GLASA.: Výchova k manželstvu a rodičovstvu (vybrané kapitoly) (B. Kudláčová) 190 M. SVOBODA: Psychologická diagnostika dospělých (J. Vymětal) 191

2 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s POHLED DĚTÍ NA SVĚT ZVÍŘÁTEK: VÝVOJOVÉ ASPEKTY PETRA MALIŠOVÁ, BARBORA MESÁROŠOVÁ Katedra psychológie FFUK, Bratislava CHILDREN'S VIEW OF WORLD OF THE PETS: DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS Abstract: The goal of this study was to analyze existing differences in cognitive level of children in preoperation stage and in the stage of concrete operations regarding understanding of relationships between people and animals, life of animals, and skills and experiencing of animals. The results of the preliminary research confirm that the most common thought category of 5-year-old children is: egocentric answer, a missing answer, and a pre-logic answer. The most common thought categories of 7-year-old children follow this order: egocentric answer, realistic answer and analogical answer. The expected close relationship between knowledge about animals and positive emotional relationships toward them was not confirmed. Younger children exhibited more spontaneity in their answers, which was manifested in the number of animals they named as their pets. Key words: pets, pre-operation stage, stage of concrete operations, egocentrism, animism, anthropomorphism

3 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s ŠPECIFIKÁ OSOBNOSTNEJ ŠTRUKTÚRY ADOLESCENTOV S PORUCHAMI SPRÁVANIA BEÁTA MIHINOVÁ Spoločenskovedný ústav SAV, Košice THE SPECIFICATIONS OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR DISORDERS Abstract: The research was focused on achieving the following goals: 1. to find possible relationships between personality characteristics of adolescents with delinquent behavior disorders and group of presently convicted adults who were diagnosed, in their adolescence period, with behavior disorders and who were placed in a reeducation home for youth; 2. to identify personality specifications of youth inmates, residing at the re-education home for youth, on the basis of making a comparison with normal population. The research results of measured personality characteristics identified those characteristics that occur, in the same degree, in both observed groups, and those that occur in delinquent adolescents in comparison with normal population in a higher degree. It is assumed that the identified personality specifications have tendency to persist from adolescence to adulthood and can signal later serious social malfunction-criminal activity. Key words: behavior disorders, delinquency, personality of adolescents

4 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s KONTAKTY S ROVESNÍKMI, SOCIÁLNA SIEŤ A SOCIÁLNA PODPORA Z POHĽADU ADOLESCENTOV ANDREA GECKOVÁ, MARCEL PUDELSKÝ, JOLANDA TUINSTRA Univerzita v Gröningene a UPJŠ, Košice Ústav sociálnej medicíny LF UPJŠ, Košice Univerzita v Gröningene, Holandsko PEER CONTACTS, SOCIAL NETWORK, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT FROM ADOLESCENTS' POINT OF VIEW Abstract: The article attempts to describe social aspects of adolescents' life as regards inter-sexual differences. The research sample consisted of 1370 boys (average age = 14;9 years) and of 1246 girls (average age = 14;8 years). Adolescence is a period of rich social life. Absence of friends occurs very seldom, and the majority of adolescents refer they have a number of good friends that is higher than 5. In spite of this fact, there is a certain group (10%), independent of real presence of sufficient number of friends, which shows signs of mental loneliness. The most frequent peer contacts in adolescents are friendship, confidential friendship and membership to a group. Girls incline, more than boys, to confidential friendship, and boys rather to youth meetings, which are sports circles in their case. Parents maintain the most significant position in the social network of adolescents and they are the most significant source of social support. The significance of peersfriends grows mostly in the group of girls. Key words: adolescents, social network, social support

5 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s SOCIÁLNA INTERAKCIA ZDRAVÝCH A POSTIHNUTÝCH DETÍ PREDŠKOLSKÉHO VEKU MAGDALÉNA ŠPOTÁKOVÁ, BEÁTA TOMČÁNIOVÁ Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava SOCIAL INTERACTION OF HEALTHY AND HANDICAPPED CHILDREN AT PRESCHOOL AGE Abstract: Verified was the influence of cooperative strategy of task solving, within an experiment in natural conditions, on quantitative indicators of social interaction of children at preschool age. No confirmation was reached as regards the notion that employment with cooperative problem-solving will lead to increased social interaction between healthy and handicapped children during employment and after it. Possible causes are: interindividual variability, teacher's influence, influence of weariness, decline of attention, and content character of employment. Key words: social interaction, integration, handicapped children, cooperative task solving

6 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s INTERVENČNÝ PROGRAM ROZVÍJANIA PROSOCIÁLNEHO SPRÁVANIA V PODMIENKACH ŠKOLY PRE MIMORIADNE NADANÉ DETI VANDA MAČIŠÁKOVÁ Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava THE INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN CONDITIONS OF SCHOOL FOR EXCEPTIONALLY GIFTED CHILDREN Abstract: Innovation processes that take place at the education system do not only demand attention to new forms of education. Most importantly, a personal approach of a pedagogue and pedagogical influence on pupils are significant. On the basis of the experience from the School for Exceptionally Gifted Children in Bratislava, a statement can be made that intervention in emotional-social area is necessary for gifted children. The intervention should regard emotional and social maturity of individual children. Key words: giftedness, intervention, school, prosocial behavior

7 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s VYUŽITIE GROUNDED THEORY METHOD VO VÝSKUME PSYCHOLOGICKÉHO PORADENSTVA A PSYCHOTERAPIE LADISLAV TIMUĽÁK Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava THE UTILIZATION OF GROUNDED THEORY METHOD IN THE RESEARCH OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Abstract: The article deals briefly with the specification of qualitative research; it introduces the main forms of data collection and data analysis in this type of research. It furthermore introduces the method of qualitative data analysis - Grounded Theory Method (GTM) in the research of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Described is the way of using GTM with regard to method validity and generalization of the information obtained by its means. An example presents the result of GTM use in a concrete research. A special attention is paid to limitations and priorities of this method. Key words: qualitative research, grounded theory method, psychotherapy, counseling

8 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s RODIČIA A PRIATELIA - ICH VPLYV NA MALADJUSTAČNÉ SPRÁVANIE ADOLESCENTOV ALEXANDRA PROKOPČÁKOVÁ Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava PARENTS AND FRIENDS - THEIR INFLUENCE ON MALADJUSTMENT BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS Abstract: Presented are opinions of parents and friends, perceived by children as they influence the real behavior of adolescents. The sample consisted of 894 boys and 957 girls at the age of 15 years. A Situational Inventory by Magnusson and Dunér was used. The results confirmed a significant relationship between behavior of adolescents and perceived opinions, expectations and behavior of their parents and friends. Adolescents are excessively sensitive to their attitudes and they mostly act in harmony with their expectations. Adolescents who behave maladaptively more frequently do not expect as significant a denial from the parents and friends as do those who do not even try maladaptive behavior. Key words: maladjustment behavior, adolescents, parents' opinion, friends' opinion

9 dieťaťa, 35, 2000, č. 2, s ÚVAHY O SEXUÁLNEJ VÝCHOVE V ZÁKLADNÝCH A STREDNÝCH ŠKOLÁCH JANA VERNARCOVÁ, KAROL TURČEK Katedra pedagogiky a psychológie SPU, Nitra Katedra rómskej kultúry Ped. fak. UKF, Nitra NOTIONS ON SEXUAL EDUCATION AT BASIC AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Abstract: Presented are some results of a survey focused on mapping of attitudes of pupils from basic schools and of students from grammar schools toward sexuality and partnership and teaching of sexual education. Almost two thirds of the respondents would welcome the teaching of sexual education. The equal number of respondents would welcome a specially trained teacher for this activity. A sexual intercourse is not a proof of a relationship for more than 90 % of the respondents. Infidelity is condemned by more than half of the respondents, but one quarter of them would be able to forgive it. The mentioned attitudes do not show a difference between pupils of 8 th grade of a basic school and students of a grammar school. The article puts stress on insufficient professional preparedness of pedagogic workers with regard to teaching of sexual education but also their low interest in the given issue. Recommendations are made for elaborating of obligatory teaching materials for particular degrees of the pedagogical process. Key words: sexual education, attitudes to sexuality