Reading. 4 Teacher Edition. Diagnostic Series. KAMICO Instructional Media, Inc. Instructional Media, Inc.

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2 STAAR CONNECTION Reading 4 Teacher Edition Diagnostic Series KAMICO Instructional Media, Inc. KAMICO Instructional Media, Inc. P.O. Box 1143 Salado, Texas Telephone: Fax: info@kamico.com Website:

3 KAMICO Instructional Media, Inc. STAAR CONNECTION Diagnostic Series Grade 4 Reading Table of Contents Reporting Categories and Related TEKS... 7 Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Answer Key Student Bubble Answer Sheet Bubble Answer Key TEKS Reading Alignment Chart and Cross-Curricular Alignments (Social Studies, Science, Health, and Art) Student Progress Chart Letter to Parents Test-Taking Tips Strategies for Reducing Your Students' Test Anxiety KAMICO Product Information

4 Assessment Name Date A Town Swallowed by the Earth 1 It was a bright August day in A.D. 79. It was a special day for the seaside Roman town of about five thousand people. The town was Herculaneum in what is now Italy. The day was the birthday of Emperor Augustus. A festival was in progress. People had filled the streets. People looked up at tall Vesuvius. Nobody was thinking about the earthquake. It had been years since they felt the ground shake. Since then, there had been no hint of danger from Vesuvius, the sleeping volcano. 2 The Greeks had built Herculaneum around a busy port. It was nestled on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It was a good place for Greek sailors to keep their boats. The Romans took over Herculaneum around 80 B.C. Herculaneum was one of the most beautiful villages in Rome. Romans loved to go there to relax and swim in the sea. 3 It was just before noon on the emperor's birthday. A loud crack split the air. The people stopped what they were doing and looked up. A smoky, mushroom-shaped cloud filled the air above the volcano Vesuvius. Lava flowed down the sides. Soon, the entire village was buried in a river of hot mud. It was fifty to sixty-five feet deep. The eruption destroyed Herculaneum. However, most of the people of Herculaneum were able to escape. 4 The volcano also wiped out the nearby towns of Pompeii and Stabiae. A Roman writer named Pliny the Younger was in Pompeii that day. Shortly after the eruption, he wrote a vivid account of how the sky grew dark. He left the city before it was buried in hot ash. He was one of the lucky ones. Historians think about twenty thousand people lived in Pompeii when Vesuvius erupted. Of these, at least two thousand are believed to have died in the eruption. Stabiae was destroyed, too. It was buried under ten to fifteen feet of lava, mud, and ash. 5 Herculaneum was lost for hundreds of years. The town and its people were forgotten. However, in 1709 the town's long sleep was disturbed. A lucky chance led to its being found. A monastery stood on top of the buried city. A monastery is a house for people who have taken religious vows. The people there needed a water well. They had workers dig a well for them. The workers digging the well struck a high seat in the Herculaneum theater. They brought up some rare marble. A prince who lived nearby heard about the stone. He took some for a house he was building. For years, the prince took whatever he wanted from the hole.

5 6 Many people tried to dig up the lost town, but it was hard work. They thought they would find treasures like those that had been found in Pompeii. The ruins of Pompeii had been found in the late 1500s, and many priceless pieces of art had been removed from that site. However, Pompeii was not as hard to dig up. It had been buried under only about twenty feet of rock. 7 At last, in 1927, the Italian government decided to dig up the ancient site at Herculaneum. As a result of its hard work, much of the town is now uncovered. The town has been very well preserved in the volcanic mud. Almost everything is as it was long ago. 8 We can see the kinds of houses the people lived in. The beautiful artwork is still on the walls. We can see their public bathhouses and their theaters. We can look at the kinds of tools they used. Bakeries with huge ovens and kneading machines still survive. We can see the pottery they made. We can walk into the restaurants where they ate. We can look at the jewelry they wore. Studying these artifacts helps us know more about how people lived two thousand years ago. Today, people are still uncovering ruins in Herculaneum, adding to what we already know about the ancient Roman city that was swallowed by the earth.

6 The Day That Changed Our World 1 I had been asleep, dreaming of fishing on the sea with my father. In my dream, we were catching hundreds of fish. Our nets were full, and the bottom of our boat was covered with fish. Suddenly, Father said it was time to go since storm clouds were forming in the east. 2 My shaking bed awoke me. I was scared and did not know what was happening. I smelled the bread my mother was baking. I also smelled the ocean, a day's journey from our home. 3 My mother told us to get up quickly and come to the kitchen. My two brothers and I ran to her. The shaking stopped, but a new smell filled the kitchen. It smelled like smoke, and it stung my nose. 4 "Mama, what is happening?" I asked. 5 "Stay calm, Marcus, but listen carefully to me. We have to leave quickly," she answered. 6 Mama packed four small bags with food and said each of us must carry one. 7 "Are we going to school?" my younger brother asked. 8 "No, dear, there is no school today. We are leaving Herculaneum. The volcano is erupting, and we are not safe here. Your father has gone to the stables to get Spirius." Spirius was our horse. "Spirius will carry our belongings that your father packed earlier. They will meet us at the coast by sundown. Hurry," she said. "We must leave quickly." We scrambled to put the bags on our backs and slip on our sandals. 9 We ran down the road, following my mother. She led us past our neighbors, who stood outside looking east toward the volcano. When people asked where we were going, she told them the volcano was erupting and they should leave, too. Most people said it was simply small quakes that shook the ground. They did not think Vesuvius was erupting. After all, they said, we had had these quakes sixteen years before, and Vesuvius did not erupt. 10 Still, some people were leaving like us. They smelled the smoke as we did. They sensed something was different this time. They believed this time the volcano was erupting. Some carried small packs, while others had large sacks bulging with their things. Men led horses. Mothers hurried their children along. They, like us, were afraid.

7 11 We left town, walking for hours down the road to the coast. Every once in a while, the ground shook terribly. My younger brother kept falling down during these quakes until my mother finally picked him up to carry him. 12 Later in the day, the volcano erupted at last. Clouds of dark ash filled the sky over the volcano. I saw lightning in the dark ash and smoke. I saw the cloud drifting toward Herculaneum many miles behind us. I was glad we had left, but I was worried about my father. 13 Mama urged us to walk faster. "I know you are all tired, but we are not far enough away to be safe yet." 14 "Where do you think Father is, Mama?" 15 "I'm sure he is safe, Marcus. He is well on his way with Spirius and our things. He will meet us at the coast." She tried not to show it, but I knew she was worried. 16 At sundown, we heard the waves of the ocean crashing in the distance. We had made it to safety. When we looked back, we could see the ash cloud covering Herculaneum. We were afraid, but Mother made us feel better. She said we were far enough away that we would not be hurt. 17 The moon rose in the east through the ash. It was brown and red, and it scared my little brother. My mother held him as she rocked back and forth. When the moon was high in the sky, my father finally found us. He and Spirius were covered in ash, but they were not hurt. We were so happy. I ran to him and hugged him tight. 18 In the morning, we moved south to Apollenia to stay with Aunt Charias. We would never again return to Herculaneum. Instead, we would live and grow up in Apollenia. Our old hometown was lost forever.

8 Use "A Town Swallowed by the Earth" to answer questions 1 through 3. 1 The author organizes paragraphs 3 through 6 of this passage by A B C D describing events in the order that they happened. explaining the differences between Herculaneum and Pompeii. presenting a problem and then pointing out several ways to solve the problem. ranking the events that took place from most dangerous to least dangerous. 2 Read the dictionary entry for the word port. port \'port\ noun 1. an opening or gate 2. a safe place for ships to dock 3. the left side of a boat or ship when facing forward 4. where a computer connects to another machine Which definition represents the meaning of port as used in paragraph 2? F definition 1 G definition 2 H definition 3 J definition 4

9 3 Look at this time line. It shows some events mentioned in the passage. Which of the following should go in the blank? A B C D The Greeks build Herculaneum. Pliny the Younger writes about the eruption of Vesuvius. The ruins of Herculaneum are found. People in Herculaneum prepare for the emperor's birthday.

10 Use "The Day That Changed Our World" to answer questions 4 through 6. 4 Why did Marcus's mother hide the fact that she was worried about his father? F G H J She wanted Marcus and his brothers to have fun on their walk. She did not want the neighbors to think she was foolish. She did not want to upset Marcus or his brothers. She did not want to make Marcus's father feel bad about being late. 5 Why is it important that Marcus's home is near a volcano? A B C D The volcano makes Marcus's parents decide to leave their home. The volcano makes it hard for Marcus's father to reach the stables. The volcano makes life in Herculaneum exciting for Marcus. The volcano creates a storm with dangerous lightning.

11 6 Look at the outline portion. What belongs in the blank space? F G H J Marcus's family gathered their things and left their house. People in Herculaneum had different ideas about what might happen. Marcus smelled bread baking when he woke up. Sometimes things happen that no one can control.

12 Use "A Town Swallowed by the Earth" and "The Day That Changed Our World" to answer questions 7 and 8. 7 Based on the information in both of these selections, the reader can conclude that A Apollenia is another name for Pompeii. B there was an earthquake at Herculaneum around A.D. 63. C D Marcus's house was covered in ash but not mud. Spirius's stable had beautiful artwork on its walls. 8 How is the scope of these two selections different? F G H J "A Town Swallowed by the Earth" tells how Herculaneum was destroyed and later found, but "The Day That Changed Our World" tells only about how Herculaneum was destroyed. "A Town Swallowed by the Earth" tells only about Herculaneum, but "The Day That Changed Our World" tells about Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiae. "A Town Swallowed by the Earth" tells about many different volcanoes, but "The Day That Changed Our World" tells about just one volcano. "A Town Swallowed by the Earth" tells only about dangers caused by hot ashes, but "The Day That Changed Our World" tells about all of the different dangers caused by volcanoes.

13 STAAR CONNECTION Diagnostic Series Grade 4 Reading TEKS Reading Alignment Chart and Cross-Curricular Alignments KAMICO supports cross-curricular teaching strategies and encourages efforts to apply, transfer, and integrate knowledge across multiple content areas. Therefore, many assessments in this reading book reinforce at least one grade 4 social studies, science, health, and/or art TEKS. For each grade or course, TEA has identified some of the TEKS eligible to be assessed on STAAR as readiness standards. These readiness standards will be emphasized on the STAAR assessments. The remaining TEKS eligible to be assessed on STAAR are considered supporting standards. Although supporting standards will be assessed, they will not be emphasized on STAAR. KAMICO has shown whether each question assessed in this book is aligned to a readiness standard or a supporting standard. Readiness standards are essential for success in the current grade or course, are important for preparedness for the next grade or course, support college and career readiness, necessitate in-depth instruction, and address broad and deep ideas. Supporting standards, although introduced in the current grade or course, may be emphasized in a subsequent year, may be emphasized in a previous year, play a role in preparing students for the next grade or course but not a central role, and address more narrowly defined ideas. Question Number Answer Assessment Reporting Category TEKS Readiness or Supporting Standard 1 A 3 11C Readiness 2 G 1 2E Readiness 3 C 3 11C Fig. 19E Readiness Readiness 4 H 2 6B Readiness 5 A 2 6A Readiness 6 G 2 6A Fig. 19D Readiness Supporting 7 B 1 Fig. 19F Readiness 8 F 1 Fig. 19F Readiness