CCEI890- Prominent Early Childhood Theorists. - Handout

Transcription

1 Welcome to CCEI890 CCEI890- Prominent Early Childhood Theorists. - Handout Welcome to CCEI890: Prominent Early Childhood Theorists This course provides an overview of major theories of early childhood development. Over the past hundred years or more, these basic theories have been built upon by subsequent generations of theorists and educators, and today we continue to debate, test, and refine the basic theories first put forth by such famous names as Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget. The theories presented in this course are the basis for many of the commonly accepted practices found in most early childhood educational settings. Course Objectives: By taking notes on the handout and successfully answering assessment questions, participants will meet the following objectives as a result of taking this course: Identify important aspects of the theories of Sigmund Freud, including parts of the psyche and various defense mechanisms Identify important aspects of the Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development Define attachment theory (by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth) Identify important aspects of behavioral learning theory, as proposed by B.F. Skinner and others Identify important aspects of Cognitive Development Theory as proposed by Jean Piaget Identify important aspects of the Theory of the Social Context of Learning, as proposed by Lev Vygotsky Why Do We Need Theories about Childhood Development? In your own words, explain what learning theories are trying to figure out? What kinds of questions are they trying to answer? Psychoanalytic Theory Who was Sigmund Freud and what is he known for? Define the oral stage according to Freud: Define the id according to Freud: Define the ego according to Freud: Page 1 of 6

2 Define the superego according to Freud: Freudian Defense Mechanisms What are defense mechanisms? Briefly describe each of the following defense mechanisms: Repression Fantasy Denial Projection Acting Out Page 2 of 6

3 Passive Aggression Psychosocial Theory What was the focus of Dr. Erik Erikson s work? Briefly describe what occurs during each of the first three stages of psychosocial development, according to Erikson. Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust Age range: Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Age range: Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt Age range: What is the theory of mutuality? Attachment Theory Define attachment theory: Behavioral Learning Theory What is behaviorism? Page 3 of 6

4 List three basic ideas behind Behavioral Learning Theory: What was Ivan Pavlov and what is he famous for? According to B.F. Skinner, what is operant conditioning? What are Skinner s Five Main Obstacles to Learning? What are five ways to address the main obstacles to learning, according to Skinner: Cognitive Developmental Theory What is the name of Piaget s best-known theory? What are the four main stages of Piaget s theory? Briefly describe the characteristics associated with each of the four main stages in Piaget s Theory of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage Page 4 of 6

5 Preoperational stage What is symbolic thinking? What does it mean to be egocentric? At what age are most children egocentric, according to Piaget? Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Important Terminology and Concepts from Piaget Object Permanence: Assimilation: Accommodation: Theory of the Social Context of Learning Briefly summarize the main point of Vgotsky s Social Cognition Learning Model: Page 5 of 6

6 What is the Zone of Proximal Development? What is scaffolding: References: Brown, K., & Gordon, A. (2008). Beginnings & Beyond, Foundations in Early Childhood Education. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning. Van Wagner, K. (2008) B.F. Skinner a Biography. Retrieved Ainsworth, M.D., M.C., Bleher, E. Waters, & Wall, S. (1978) Patterns of Attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Bornstein, M. H. & Lamb, M. E. (1992) The Social Ecology of Infancy: Family, Daycare, Class and Culture. Development in Infancy: An Introduction. New York: McGraw Hill. DeHart, G., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R. (2004) Child Development: It s Nature and Course. (5th Edition) New York: McGraw-Hill. Heffner, C.H. (2004) Erikson s Stages of Psychosocial Development. Mooney, C.G. (2000) Theories of Childhood. St. Paul, Minnesota: Red Leaf Press. Basic information and additional web resources retrieved from (2010) Page 6 of 6