Š. VENDEL - N. SEDLÁK VENDELOVÁ: Profesijná orientácia žiakov 9. ročníkov základných škôl 47. A. FURMAN: Nový rámec školskej psychológie v USA 66

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1 OBSAH 1/2008 M. HANZLOVÁ - P. MACEK: Zvládací strategie a styly dospívajících 3 P. KAŇKOVSKÁ: Utváření prosociální orientace dospívajících v kontextu rodinného prostředí 23 M. VESELSKÝ - D. KRAHULCOVÁ: Internetová komunikácia gymnazistov 33 PSYCHOLÓGIA A VÝCHOVNO-VZDELÁVACÍ PROCES Š. VENDEL - N. SEDLÁK VENDELOVÁ: Profesijná orientácia žiakov 9. ročníkov základných škôl 47 METODIKY A KONZULTÁCIE A. FURMAN: Nový rámec školskej psychológie v USA 66 KRÁTKE INFORMÁCIE I. UČEŇ: Vzťah niektorých mier rečovej činnosti a tvorivosti vo vývine trojročných až päťročných detí 76 SPRÁVA Seminár úcty a vďaky prof. Antonovi Jurovskému (V. ANDREÁNSKA a M. GROMA) 84 RECENZIE B. ŠRAMOVÁ: Osobnosť v procese ontogenézy (A. ČANIGOVÁ) 86 F. TESAŘ: Etnické konflikty (E. LISÁ) 87 V. FOŘTÍK - J. FOŘTÍKOVÁ: Nadané dítě a rozvoj jeho schopností (B. FILÍPKOVÁ) 88 L. ROVŇÁKOVÁ - I. LUKŠÍK - L. LUKŠÍKOVÁ a kol.: Metodická príručka pre sexuálnu výchovu na druhom stupni základných škôl. Pracovné listy pre sexuálnu výchovu na druhom stupni základných škôl (D. SMETANOVÁ) 89 S. DÉMUTHOVÁ: Mladistvý delikvent (príbehy spoza mreží) (R. FÁBRY) 90

2 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 1, s ZVLÁDACÍ STRATEGIE A STYLY DOSPÍVAJÍCÍCH MARTINA HANZLOVÁ - PETR MACEK Institut výzkumu dětí, mládeže a rodiny, Fakulta sociálních studií MU, Brno, ČR COPING STRATEGIES AND COPING STYLES OF ADOLESCENTS Abstract: The goal of the study was to find out which strategies are used by adolescents in coping with difficulties in various areas of life: at school, with the future, with parents, with peers, with leisure time, with heterosexual relationships, with themselves, and with their future vocation. The research sample consisted of 563 adolescents at the age of years. It was shown that there are universal coping strategies which adolescents preferably use in all problem situations, although the measure in which they use them changes a little in dependence on a concrete situation. Presently there are also other coping strategies which adolescents frequently use only in some problem areas, while in other areas they use them only rarely. Factor analysis determined the following three coping styles: active coping, avoidance, and helplessness. Active coping is used by adolescents substantially most frequently. The influence of sex, age, and school achievement was confirmed only in some coping strategies and styles. Key words: coping, adolescence

3 dieťaťa, 43,2008, č. 1, s UTVÁŘENÍ PROSOCIÁLNÍ ORIENTACE DOSPÍVAJÍCÍCH V KONTEXTU RODINNÉHO PROSTŘEDÍ PAVLA KAŇKOVSKÁ Pedagogicko-psychologická poradna Středočeského kraje, Kolín, ČR FORMATION OF PROSOCIAL ORIENTATION OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT Abstract: Family environment significantly contributes to the formation, development and influencing of the child prosocial orientation. The author researched the above issue in the developmental period of older school age, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In the group of girls a significantly higher measure of prosocial orientation was noticed than in the group of boys. Further results only prove a higher influence of the parents' educational effect on prosocialness of boys. The most effective forms of positive educational effect in the regulation of prosocial behavior can be mostly considered emotionally positive, accepting, caring and assisting parents' behavior - parents thus show their children that they are here for them when they need them; they give reasons for their disciplinary measures and institute clear educational rules and demands. In the development of prosocial orientation of child not only the relationship dimensions of family environment and dimensions of family system maintenance do assist, but to a great extent also the dimensions of personality growth. Key words: prosocial orientation, family environment, parents' educational approaches, psychosocial atmosphere in family

4 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 1, s INTERNETOVÁ KOMUNIKÁCIA GYMNAZISTOV MILAN VESELSKÝ - DANA KRAHULCOVÁ Katedra didaktiky prírodných vied, psychológie a pedagogiky, Prírodovedecká fakulta UK v Bratislave THE INTERNET COMMUNICATION OF GYMNASIUM STUDENTS Abstract: The article deals with the Internet communication of students of 3rd grade of a gymnasium and with their attitudes to initiation of personal relationships in the Internet environment. Described are the opinions of gymnasium students regarding advantages, disadvantages and specifics of Internet communication in comparison with communication in real environment. The followed gymnasium students prefer the real communication to communication mediated by the Internet, and communication in the Internet environment does not have a significant influence on their communication and social relationships in real conditions. Key words: Internet communication, students of gymnasium

5 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 1, s PROFESIJNÁ ORIENTÁCIA ŽIAKOV 9. ROČNÍKOV ZÁKLADNÝCH ŠKÔL ŠTEFAN VENDEL - NATÁLIA SEDLÁK VENDELOVÁ Katedra základných psychologických vied a psychologickej metodológie FF PU, Prešov VOCATIONAL ORIENTATION OF PUPILS OF 9 TH GRADES OF BASIC SCHOOLS Abstract: A questionnaire research of school and vocational orientation was carried out on the sample of 4713 pupils of 9 th grades of 218 basic schools in Slovakia, which were chosen by the stratified proportional selection from all eight Slovak counties. The most preferred direction of secondary-school training, which is chosen by more than one third of basic school graduates, is a study at secondary technical school. Pupils have the biggest interest in groups of employments such as Servicing-staff, Chief employees of big organizations, managers, and Other scientists and professional mental employees. A very low (under 1 percent of options) interest of pupils of basic schools in Slovakia is in groups of vocations such as Sellers, Clothing and shoe industry, Manufacturers and servicemen of accurate devices, Creative craftsmen, Operation of stationary equipments and assembling workers, Metallurgy and Mining, Food industry, and Qualified workers in agriculture, forestry, and fishery. The most frequent motive of study and vocational choice of pupils of basic schools is their interest in a given subject. In the two thirds of cases pupils decide themselves about choosing their future study, i.e., vocation. The most of information necessary for professional development pupils draw from the Internet and newspapers. Pupils often consult their school and vocational development with parents or other close people, and they look for information on the Internet. Only a little information do they obtain from teachers and educational counselors. Of labor values, pupils of basic schools mostly prefer values for utilization of their abilities and for carrying them out; to be independent and to work and decide independently. Key words: vocational development, vocational choice

6 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 1, s NOVÝ RÁMEC ŠKOLSKEJ PSYCHOLÓGIE V USA ANTON FURMAN Federal Way School District, Federal Way, WA, USA NEW FRAMEWORK OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY IN USA Abstract: The author informs about the third model of training and practice of the school psychologist in USA. Accredited education according to this model is the basis for granting a license to the school psychologist in 26 states of the Union. The model comprises the basic and functional competencies of school psychologist focused on delivery of services not only to one individual, but also by the whole systems. Emphasis is placed upon responsibility, pursuance of scientific quality, and acceptance of cultural diversity. The school psychologist implements three types of interventions: the universal, targeted, and intensive ones. The result of the school psychologist's activity should improve competencies of all pupils and build the capacity of the system of which they are part. Key words: school psychologist, competencies of school psychologist

7 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 1, s VZŤAH NIEKTORÝCH MIER REČOVEJ ČINNOSTI A TVORIVOSTI VO VÝVINE TROJROČNÝCH AŽ PÄŤROČNÝCH DETÍ IVAN UČEŇ Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOME MEASURES OF SPEECH ACTIVITY AND CREATIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE- UP TO FIVE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN Abstract: Analyzed is the relationship between speech activity (representative level) and creative thinking of children at preschool age and in the beginning of younger school age. The mutual relationship of speech activity and verbal creativity persists in this age. The relationship between the speech activity and nonverbal creativity decreases with growing age. Key words: speech activity, creativity, factor analysis, regression analysis