ESD STM IONIZATION. THE ESD ASSOCIATION May14, 2003
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1 IONIZATION THE ESD ASSOCIATION May14, 2003
2 Presented by: Gary Seale - V.P. Membership - Texas ESD Association Regional Manager - Simco Ionization Scope, Purpose, & Application Definitions Safety Specific Requirements
3 CONTENTS Room Ionization Laminar Flow Ionization Worksurface Ionization Compressed Gas Ionizers-Guns/Nozzles Test Equipment Annex A
4 Scope - Standard establishes measurement techniques, to determine ion balance and charge neutralization Purpose - Standard provides test methods & procedures for evaluating air ionization equipment & systems Application - Provide performance data, qualify equipment for use
5 Definitions Air conductivity - Ability of air to conduct current under influence of an electric field. Air Ions - Clusters of 10 molecules bound by polarization forces to a singly charged oxygen or nitrogen molecule. Charge decay - Decrease/neutralization of net electrostatic charge
6 Charge plate monitor - Instrument used to measure decay times Compressed gas ionizers - Ionizer tools used to neutralize charges and remove particles with high pressure gas Corona - Production of positive & negative ions by a very localized high electric field
7 Discharge Time: Time necessary for a voltage to decay from an initial value to some arbitrarily chosen value. (typically 10% of beginning value) Emitter - A conducting sharp object, needle or wire, which will cause a corona discharge when kept at high potential
8 Neutralize - Canceling the effect of a field from a given charge, by conducting the field to ground, or introducing an equal opposite charge. Offset voltage - Observed voltage on a charge plate that has been placed in an ionized environment.
9 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Electrical - Peak current limited for installation (emitter tips) Ozone - Generation not to exceed limit defined by OSHA 1910 Radioactive - License from N.R.C. Mfg. to meet all requirements of Title 10, Part 20, Code of Federal Regulations
10 Installation - Conform to any applicable electrical, mechanical, and safety codes. Noise exposure, PSI used, relief design Discharge test time - Plate charged to initial voltage and discharged to 10% of that value. Time required for both polarities monitored and recorded.
11 Offset voltage test - Ground plate to zero Monitor plate in ionized environment for deviation from zero. Locations - See Table 1 Same conditions for all tests, no equipment adjustments. Peak offset voltage - DC ionizers measured for peak voltages and reported.
12 Table 1- Test Setups and Test Locations Equipment Figure References Number of Test Locations Offset Voltage/Time Interval CPM Initial Voltage Room Ionization Grids, AC Min Bars, Pulsed & DC Min Single polarity emitter Min Dual DC line Min Pulsed DC emitter Min Laminar Flow Hood Vertical 7 & Min Horizontal 9 & Min Worksurface Ionization Bench Top Min Overhead 12 & Min Compressed Gas Ionization Guns and Nozzles sec. - 1 Min. 1000
13 Room Ionization Testing - Monitor clear 5 horizontal area, System on for 30 minutes previously. Test person grounded - 5 feet outside area Discharge time for 1000 to 100 volts - both polarities
14 Laminar air flow velocity recorded Measurements taken 5 under emitters & recorded Discharge and offset voltage (1 min. test criteria) taken and recorded
15 ESD STM Example: Room Ionization Emitters
16 LAMINAR FLOW HOOD IONIZATION Test area unobstructed, surface area dissipative and properly grounded Test person grounded Discharge time from 1000 to 100 volts measured for both polarities, + Offset V. Air flow recorded - test positions as per specification - See slide 17
17
18 Discharge time measured & recorded, offset voltage measured (1 minute min.) & recorded Example: Laminar flow bar
19 WORKSURFACE IONIZATION Test in unobstructed area, surface static dissipative and properly grounded Test person grounded, discharge for both polarities, volts measured Measure w/heater on & off, w/filters, at min & max airflow, air velocity measured and reported
20
21 S3.1 Test Criteria
22 Benchtop test results
23 Example: Benchtop product
24 Overhead Test Criteria
25 Overhead test - Side view
26 Discharge time and offset voltage (1 min.) should be measured at each test location Example - Overhead Ionizer
27 COMPRESSED GAS IONIZERS - GUNS AND NOZZLES Test w/out obstructions to airflow, test personnel grounded, surface dissipative and grounded Discharge 1000 to 100 volts, both polarities. 30 psi input pressure, 6 from charge plate
28 Discharge time and offset voltage measured and reported as per drawing #14.
29 Example - Compressed air ionizing gun
30 TEST EQUIPMENT - Charge Plate 6 x 6 conductive plate - minimum/maximum capacitance limits Construction criteria - no more than 10% discharge of plate voltage in 5 minutes
31 ANNEX A Air ions - Definition - Natural ions discussion - Radiation and corona induced ionization Mobility and ion current - Formula review, ion movement, current density Neutralization current - Neutralization current proportional to charge & opposite conductivity of the air
32 Neutralization rate - Charges decay relative to the conductivity of the air. Ion depletion - Charged fields may partially deplete the air of ions. Which may slow discharge rates. Air velocity significantly reduces this effect Charge Plate definition/capabilities
33 Offset voltage definition/acquisition of. Importance of ionization equipment maintenance - cleaning, emitter replacement, nuclear replacement, insure full volume of air flows
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