Informational technologies in creating modern teaching aids
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1 Informational technologies in creating modern teaching aids DANIMIR MANDIC Teacher Training Faculty University of Belgrade SERBIA DANICA DZINOVIC Teacher Training Faculty University of Belgrade SERBIA BORISLAV SAMARDZIC Novi Sad SERBIA Abstract: Тechnology is developing very fast in other fields, but in education it is staying at the level of classic work organization. It mostly kept older educational technology and for that reason there is danger (if it would not be changing faster) to stay considerably behind the happenings in production and social relations. Lagging behind of modern school is not so much evident in the field of education contents as it is evident in technique and technology of teaching. Country, which has more scientific knowledge, which is in possession of modern information systems and which is able to educate high quality personnel and use quickly scientific knowledge or technological development, is superior in the development. That is why all the countries in the world are looking for the best ways for personnel education, development of technologies for better quality knowledge acquirement, its processing, practical application as well as production of material and spiritual values.. New knowledges, new inventions and new technologies influence, directly or indirectly, reform and advancement of education system, changes of teaching contents and other sources of knowledge, betterment of teaching technique and technology. We shall mention some of the innovations which have been influencing the changes of education systems. Internet technologies, Web portals and multimedia software contribute to implementation of cooperative work of students, more interactivity and new organization of educational process. Key-Words: Teaching aids, Software, Educational Technology, Innovations, Web portal 1. Introduction It is the imperative of scientific-technological revolution and information era to enable human being with modern education to comprehend and accept scientific accomplishments, to develop and enrich his personality, to use them in the process of new knowledge certain, betterment of production, quality of social life and to make conditions for confirmation of his own personality. Knowledge production, its processing and using for betterment of life quality, for social-economic and cultural development, represents guarantee of progress and human existence in our time. Knowledge, for which we claim, should be in possession of all the people, not only selected intellectual elite or group of technocratic oriented experts. That is why information era is reality not abstraction, it enables ISBN:
2 people to understand it, accepts its results, to support those things which will contribute to socialeconomic and cultural development, to freedom and development of personality. These are basic reasons that nowadays it is considered that the first task of pedagogical science as well as other sciences is to study social reality, scientific and technicaltechnological inventions, cultural and other inventions, pedagogical activity, its scopes and limits and to create innovations in organization, contents and forms of teaching, technique and technology educational activity. It will contribute to more complete development of personality, enrichment of social life with new values and to the total technical-technological development based on humanistic principles and democratic heritage of mankind. [1] Position and function of man in our time and real society determine function of school and education, specially its aims, organization of education system, teaching contents, technique and technology of teaching, position and function of teacher, criteria for estimation and evaluation of pedagogical work results. All the countries make reforms and advancement of school systems, with more or less success, believing that social progress depends on education of young and adult people, cultural development and technical-technological progress. The intention is to increase educational level of average citizen, to make democratic field of education, to connect vertically and horizontally all the degrees of education, to raise general and professional culture of pupils and attendants, to connect more the world of work and education, theory and practice, school and life. Real changes in education are possible only if some important factors of educational activity are known and respected on which depend their directions and results. [5] b. styles of learning (cognitive, emotional and psychological) and their interconnections; c. readiness for attending suitable school (shown in intellectual, social and emotional maturity as well as in educational suitability; d. differences of individuals when enrolling a school (differences in intelligence quotient, special abilities, previous knowledge, work speed, interests, motivation, work potential etc.); e. individual problems (in physical, mental or social sphere); f. pupils having prejudices, stereotypes, ethnocentrisms, religious fanatism, shovinism and racism. g. special advantages of individuals (talents and exceptional talents). Unfortunately in the existing psychological and pedagogical literature it is difficult to find a complete fund of knowledge about man which could be used by teachers. Poor pedagogical and psychological literature is the fact that science deals more with the description of human body, analysis of general nervous system structure, elementary problems of internal secretion gland function, state and metabolism processes, psychological processes and kinds of temperament, some human characteristics shown in behaviour, and less with the essential problems of personality and complexity. [6] This is very important for creating useful teaching aids based on computer technology. We create multimedia software for learning informatics considering students background knowledge and their possibilities. 2. Creating teaching aids according to student s personality Modern pedagogy and psychology require teachers to know pupils' characteristics which are important for success in the process of schooling. Teacher should know [4]: a. structure of personality (main characteristics, the most important motives, abilities, attitudes, youth values, emotional and cognitive characteristics, and stratification of human personality; Fig. 1 Multimedia software Thanks to multimedia software, teacher can adjust more successfully teaching to pupils previous ISBN:
3 knowledge, interests, cognitive styles and learning styles, capabilities and work speed; he can successfully realise teaching contents on individual bases and provide active participation of pupils in all the teaching and learning phases; he can provide simultaneously information, tasks related to given information, look for and register solutions given by pupils, give additional information in case they did not solve problems successfully and provide feedback information. Fig 2. Example of teaching unit With the help of teaching aids we made the conditions for pupils to take more active part in all phases of teacher work (in organisation, realization and verification); to motivate pupils, keep their attention in teaching, enable making a clear picture about material to be learnt, engourage to various activities and use of knowledge sources (before teaching and during teaching). Teaching aids help pupils to understand deeper sense of what he is learning, to improve reception, retention and recognition, to use more successfully the acquired knowledge, develop curiosity and learn the learning techiques. It is well known that by activiting greater number of pupils senses, in teaching and learning process, better possibilities for learning are made, conditions for more durable remembering of what had been learnt, more secure recognition and use of what had been remembered. Researches have shown that pupils only by reading memorize about 10.15% of teaching material, by listening about 20%, by observing about 30-35%, by observing and listening simultaneously about 50% and by listening, obseving and working about 90% [3]. There is no doubt that teaching aids are very important for activating, in the teaching and learning process, greater number of senses; for encouraging pupils to learn while working, to make transfer of knowledge and use effeciently the acquired knowledge. Besides, engagement of greater number of senses more corresponds to the essence of human being and the way he comes in contact with reality which is surrounding him; more corresponds to dynamic nature of child and the ways he wans to learn; more corresponds to learning manners which child had and still has in out of school and out of teaching activities.education and learning are not activities giving final and perfect products. Education products are never final and that is why it is impossible to completely define education aims as a final result. For that reason the task of modern education is to enable young and adult people for life and work in the society of sudden charges, to develop their conscience about the need to continue learning even after finishing their school and to learn the techniques of learning. 3. New education organization Time in which we live and which is coming require universal, flexible and free school, system, able to meet the requirements of scientific-technological revolution, imperatives of information era, to satisfy various social needs for educated people, attract attention, satisfy needs and curiosity of the youth well as adults and to guarantee realization of basic educational tasks. Classic concept of education to finish a grade, receive positive mark, acquire definite qualifications and find employment, is corrected by the fact that it is required more than before flexible form of learning, more complete development of abilities, critical thinking, interests, motivations for further schooling and creative potential. It is required from education to be open, flexible and capable to follow and respond to scientific, social, technological and economic changes; to create changes by itself which will be of service to man and his liberation, to make balance between the necessities of society and man, between development of society and individual, material and spiritual needs of people, technology and the value system. [3] School, as an educational institution, also enriches its contents, extends its function and accepts the idea of permanent education. It has been gradually developing, from the institution which keeps and transfers values, which has monthly existed as ISBN:
4 citadel of knowledge, into institution that transfers and creates values, realizes public, cultural and pedagogical mission in society, represent development factor of human resources, factor of scientific, economic, cultural and technicaltechnological progress. School is a factor which supports the idea of educating all society layers, instead of only or mostly young people. Thus understood function of school makes it possible to be objective criticizer of past, successful creator of present and reliable visionary of future. [8] 4. Web portal for permanent education The process of creation and development of such a complex web portal takes a very long time. Because of the nature of the resources it is impossible to convert in the final product. Permanent changes in the development of science, new scientific knowledge, social movement requires daily updating the database resources, which will be constantly changed and adapted the needs of teachers. Portal we constituted in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of education on the availability of didactic material to all participants in education, regardless of the place in which they live and work. [7] In the on-line seminars there are materials that we provided for teacher training, permanent education for managers and professional staff in schools and the courses are accredited by the Institute for the Advancement of Education in Serbia. information technology for innovation, enrichment and improvement work in primary and secondary schools. Development of information technology is significantly opposed paradigms Komensky and traditional ways of education students, and the Edusoft ensured through 3 accredited seminars access to prior knowledge in the field of educational information technologies. The first module is prepared for the raising the technical capability of participants to work on their computers and the other contemporary didactic equipment. The main goal is understanding and practical use of 4 elementary areas: hardware, Windows operating system, basic package of user programs and the global network - Internet. Second module deals with a innovation knowledge and skills of participants in the educational programs. The intention is therefore that the existing informatics tools could be properly applied in the planning, implementation, evaluation and innovation in order to raise teaching quality and effectiveness of educational work in schools. Third module was made to release the creative beings in the personality of teachers, through the creation of various educational resources designed for educational work. It is therefore the creation of a new climate in which they can take the maximum advantage of new information technologies in their work. Analyzing the dissimilarity in the knowledge of teachers we predicted on-line initial test, which candidates can test their knowledge so that they can chose one of the following modules. Fig.3. Permanent education The aim of our activity is focused on expanding the knowledge of users on the importance of pedagogical possibilities of implementing new Fig. 4 Tests for self-evaluation Module 1 receives materials for learning and practicing. ISBN:
5 In the hardware resources we described the functions of computer components, so that teachers can understand the concept of modern computers. It is written in understandable language with a large number of images and presentations and hyperlinks. We provided several tests for self-evaluation, similar to the initial test. The second module is created for users who have basic computer knowledge, to improve existing pedagogical knowledge about: pedagogical effects of the application of new technologies in the educational process of students, the role, importance and types of new didactic media. multimedia systems, educational software, electronic classrooms, educational portals. acquire practical search and using didactic media archived on your computer, removable drives, Internet. understand the importance and role of new media works: the innovation of teaching, promotion and attainment of their own, deepening cooperation with parents throughout the community. The third module is prepared for more advanced users who have basic computer knowledge, apply online or have used different media. The third module offers the possibility of didactic modeling and shaping the content through new technologies, emphasizing creativity and creativity of our teachers. This third module is aimed primarily to initiate creativity and creative teaching lessons that will make it different from existing, dynamic and more interesting for students. Topics that are planned include a few key things: innovative teaching models supported by new technologies introduction to the process of didactic modeling resources needed for planning, implementation, evaluation of teaching structuring, creation and production of didactic materials using various sources of information Detailed analysis of all the products group of participants (made during the workshop) integration of resources created in the process of planning, implementation and evaluation of knowledge Presentation of results of work in bilingual Edusoft on-line journals All content can be viewed on the portal 5. Conclusion There are numerous didactic norms for application of teaching aids and convincing evidences what is acieved in teaching if such aids are consistently used. Educational value of teaching aids could be conditionally reduced to these verified facts: teaching aids make possible faster and better quality realization of aims and tasks of education; they are important condition for modernization and dynamization of teaching work methods a.nd forms; they are important factor for adjusting teaching to life, theory to practice and for adjusting teaching contents to possibilities, previous knowledge, needs and interests of young and adult people; their function in engagement of more,than one sense is important, in stimulation and maintainance of attention with pupils, development of curiosity and wish for learning, for active participation in teaching process and their growth. Thanks to teaching aids it is possible for pupils to take active part in processes of teaching preparing, its realization and evaluation. Teaching aids enable pupils for independent work, transfer of knowledge and its application in work and learning self education techniques; they are essential condition for more even engagement of cognitive, emotional and conative personality strenth in teaching and learning; they are important factor of directing pupil activity in direction of research, discovery, thinking shaping of what is expressed and discovered and bulding up one s own thinking concepts; they stimulate learning by having insight, problems solving and creative activity. Teaching aids whose pedagogical power we described so far appeared as result of many years studying of their pedagogical essence and practical efficiency, and some of them were applied in our schools for years and showed their indisputable value. Thet s why we can assert that they will influence (if skillfully produced, carefully selected and expertly used, teaching to be raised to a qualitatively higher level concerning organization, contents, methods and achieved results; that teachers will be more satisfied therewith, more than ISBN:
6 up to now, as well as pupils and that it can realize more successfully what is planned by aims and tasks of education in all kinds of primary, secondary, higher schools and universities Complex evaluation means knowing aim of education: pupil to whom education is intended; organization of education system by means of which education is realized; contents by means of which it is possible to influence growth and development of personality; organization and realization of teaching (specially aids, forms and methods of work; teacher function as organiser and realiser of education. That is why evaluation includes all phases of pedagogical work and all forms of pedagogical activity: process and result of educational activity is evaluated; knowledge, abilities, interests, qualities of personality, development not only academic implementation are evaluated. Evaluation includes in its contents following process of pedagogical activity, application of education technology; following activities of teachers and pupils in the process; teacher's evaluation of knowledge from time to time and engagement of pupils, pupils' evaluation of their own work and results of written and control papers; estimation of knowledge, forms of behaviour (which can be quantified) and certain features which appear in the development process (intelligence, attitudes, etc.) Evaluation includes quantitative and qualitative aspects of human development, all important aspects of personality development and, as much as possible, includes approximation of personality development as a whole. In the process of evaluation teachers work as a team, make possibilities for pupils to participate, for parents to help and advise. Evaluation thus understood respects results, which are achieved by following, evaluation and estimation, as a basis for more complex estimation and evaluation of human personality development. By evaluation degree of development is ascertained, personality profile and his essential characteristics, but also limitations, problems and difficulties in work and behaviour which must be thought about and solve them. Thus realized evaluation enables seeing and elimination of difficulties, both in the teaching process as a whole and with some pupils, with the aim to realize stated educational aims. Complex evaluation References: [1] Lung-Hsing Kuo, Hung-Jen Yang, Lydia Lin, Hsueh-Chih Lin: Identify ICT Learning Clusters among Teachers Inservice Education, 10th WSEAS International Conference on Education and Educational Technology (EDU '11), Penang, Malaysia, 2011, pp pp [2] Mandic, D.: Didactical and computer supported innovations in education, Beograd, pp [3] Mandic, D., Martinovic, D. Visnjic, D.: Informational technology in realization of sports and technique education in primary schools, 8th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED COMPUTER and APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE (ACACOS '09), China, 2009, pp [4] Mandic, D.: Knowledge Based Multimedia System for Teacher s Education, in the book 9th WSEAS Intenational Conference. on ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DATA BASES (AIKED 10),, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2010, pp [5] Mandic, D, Lalic, N., Bandjur, V..: Managing Innovations in Education, in the book 9th WSEAS Intenational Conference. on ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DATA BASES (AIKED 10), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2010, pp [6] Mandic, D, Martinovic, D., Lalic, N., Bandjur, V..: Decision Support System in Physical Education, in the book 10th WSEAS Intenational Conference. on ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DATA BASES (AIKED 11), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2011, pp [7] Martinovic, D.: Achievement in physical Education, Faculty of Education, Belgrade, pp [8] Rozniza Zaharudin, Norazah Nordin, Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin.: Online ICT-Courses Integrated for the Hearing- Impaired Individuals Education: A PreliminaryStudy from the Teachers Perception 10th WSEAS International Conference on Education and Educational Technology (EDU '11), Penang, Malaysia, 2011, pp ISBN:
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