The Articulatory System and the Consonants of North American English
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1 The Articulatory System and the Consonants of North American English Marla Yoshida University of California Irvine Extension International Programs Teaching English as a Foreign Language Certificate Program
2 The Articulatory System The body parts that we use to produce speech sounds are called the articulatory system.
3 The Articulatory System a. Lips b. Teeth h c. Tongue d. Jaw e. Alveolar ridge a e c f g f. Hard palate d g. Soft palate (velum) b h. Nasal cavity i i. Vocal cords (vocal folds)
4 Consonants Consonants are sounds in which the air stream meets some obstacles or interference on its way up from the lungs. The air stream is bumped, squeezed, or blocked.
5 Consonants We can describe the consonants of English by talking about three criteria: Place of articulation (where the sound is made) Manner of articulation (how the sound is made) Voicing (whether the vocal cords are vibrating)
6 Place of Articulation The place of articulation tells us which parts of the vocal apparatus are working when we make a particular sound. The place of articulation is also called the point of articulation.
7 Place of Articulation Bilabial Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal
8 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sounds: /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal Both lips touch or come close together.
9 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sounds: /f/ /v/ Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal The top teeth touch the bottom lip.
10 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sounds: /T / /D / Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal The tongue touches the top teeth.
11 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sounds: /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /n/ /l/ Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal The tongue touches (or almost touches)the alveolar ridge.
12 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sounds: /S / /Z / /ts / /dz / /r/ /y/ Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal The tongue touches (or almost touches)the front part of the hard palate.
13 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sounds: /k/ /g/ /N / Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal The back of the tongue touches the soft palate.
14 Place of Articulation Bilabial Sound: /h/ Labiodental Dental (interdental) Alveolar Palatal (Alveopalatal) Velar Glottal Air hisses through the vocal cords.
15 Manner of Articulation The manner of articulation tells us what our mouths are doing when we pronounce a sound: Is the air blocked and then released? Does the air flow out smoothly or roughly? Does the air come out through our mouth or our nose?
16 Manner of Articulation Stop Fricative Affricate Nasal Liquid Glide
17 Manner of Articulation Stop Sounds: /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ Fricative Affricate Nasal p Liquid Glide The air stream is completely blocked and then quickly released, like a small explosion.
18 Manner of Articulation Sounds: /f/ /v/ /T / /D / /s/ /z/ Stop Fricative /S / /Z / /h/ Affricate Nasal Liquid sssssssss Glide The air stream is partly blocked so it continues to hiss out with some friction.
19 Manner of Articulation Stop Sounds: /ts / /dz / Fricative Affricate Nasal ch Liquid Glide The air stream is completely blocked and then slowly released. It s like a stop followed by a fricative.
20 Manner of Articulation Stop Sounds: /m/ /n/ /N / Fricative Affricate Nasal mmmmmmm Liquid Glide The air stream is completely blocked in the mouth so air comes out the nose.
21 Manner of Articulation Stop Sounds: /l/ /r/ Fricative Affricate Nasal Liquid rrrrrrrrr Glide The air stream flows very smoothly through the mouth with only a little blockage.
22 Manner of Articulation Stop Sounds: /w/ /y/ Fricative Affricate Nasal Liquid w w w Glide The air stream flows very smoothly-- like a vowel sound, but quicker.
23 Voicing If our vocal cords are vibrating when we produce a sound, we call that sound voiced. Voiced sounds in English: /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /D / /z/ /Z / /dz/ /m/ /n/ /N / /l/ /r/ /w/ /y/ and all the vowels.
24 Voicing If our vocal cords are not vibrating when we produce a sound, we call that sound voiceless. Voiceless sounds in English: /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /T / /s/ /S / /h/ /ts /.
25 Summary The body parts that we use to produce speech sounds are called the articulatory system. We describe consonants by talking about: Place of articulation (where the sound is made) Manner of articulation (how the sound is made) Voicing (whether the vocal cords are vibrating)
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