Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Administrator's Companion

Transcription

1 Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Administrator's Companion Edward Whalen, Marcilina Garcia, Burzin Patel, Stacia Misner, Victor Isakov To learn more about this book, visit Microsoft Learning at Publication Date: November 2006

2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments xxvii Introduction xxix Part I Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server What s New in Microsoft SQL Server New Hardware Support Native 64-Bit Support NUMA Support Data Availability Online Restore Online Index Operations Database Snapshot Fast Recovery Mirrored Backups Database Mirroring Read Committed Snapshot and Snapshot Isolation Performance Data Partitioning Plan Guides Forced Parameterization Dynamic Management Views Enhancements to Existing Features SNAC Failover Clustering Replication Indexes Full-Text Search What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you! Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback about this publication so we ca continually improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in online survey, please visit: v

3 vi Table of Contents Tools and Utilities SQL Server Management Studio Query Editor SQL Configuration Manager Surface Area Configuration SQL Server Profiler Database Engine Tuning Advisor SQL Server Upgrade Advisor sqlcmd Utility tablediff Utility Business Intelligence Features Business Intelligence Development Studio Integration Services Analysis Services Reporting Services Notification and Broker Services Summary Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Editions, Capacity Limits, and Licensing SQL Server 2005 Editions Mobile Edition Express Edition Workgroup Edition Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Developer Edition Understanding Windows Platform Support Understanding Processors and Memory Limits Factoring in Head-Room Comparing SQL Server 2005 Editions Database Engine Features Analysis Services Reporting Services Notification Services

4 Table of Contents vii Integration Services Replication SQL Server 2005 Capacity Limits Understanding SQL Server 2005 Licensing User Client Access Licensing Device Client Access Licensing Processor Licensing Licensing Considerations for High-Availability Environments SQL Server 2005 Pricing Summary Roles and Responsibilities of the Microsoft SQL Server DBA Different Kinds of DBA Production DBA Development DBA Architect DBA ETL DBA OLAP DBA Basic Duties of a DBA Installation and Configuration Security Operations Service Levels System Monitoring Performance Tuning Routine Maintenance Reliability Disaster Recovery Planning and Scheduling Downtime Capacity Planning Documentation Development and Design Scalability Replication Named Instances

5 viii Table of Contents DBA Tips, Guidelines, and Advice Know Your Operating System Help Desk Purchasing Input Know Your Versions Don t Panic Summary Part II System Design and Architecture 4 I/O Subsystem Planning and RAID Configuration I/O Fundamentals Disk Drive Basics Disk Drive Performance Characteristics Disk Drive Specifications Disk Drive Performance Solutions to the Disk Performance Limitation Problem Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) RAID Basics RAID Levels RAID Performance Disk Calculations RAID Comparison Which RAID Level Is Right for You? SQL Server I/O Overview SQL Server Reads SQL Server Writes Transaction Log Backup and Recovery Planning the SQL Server Disk Layout Determine I/O Requirements Plan the Disk Layout Implement the Configuration Summary

6 Table of Contents ix 5 32-Bit Versus 64-Bit Platforms and Microsoft SQL Server CPU Basics Bit Versus 32-Bit Addressing Hardware Platforms Windows Versions Windows Windows Server Windows Server Bit editions Windows Comparis on SQL Server 2005 Options SQL Server 32-Bit Edition SQL Server 64-Bit Taking Advantage of 64-Bit SQL Server Utilizing Large Memory with the 32-Bit Version of SQL Server Utilizing Large Memory with the 64-Bit Version of SQL Server Summary Capacity Planning Principles of Capacity Planning Capacity Planning Versus Sizing Service Level Agreements Mathematics of Capacity Planning CPU Capacity Planning Sizing CPUs Monitoring CPU Usage Memory Capacity Planning Sizing Memory Monitoring Memory I/O Capacity Planning Sizing the I/O Subsystem Monitoring the I/O Subsystem Network Capacity Planning Sizing the Network Monitoring the Network

7 x Table of Contents Growth Considerations Calculating Growth Planning for Future Growth Benchmarking and Load Testing Load Testing the Application Benchmarking the I/O Subsystem Benchmarking the Network Using MOM for Capacity Planning Summary Choosing a Storage System for Microsoft SQL Server Interconnect and Protocol Technologies Understanding Data Transfer: Block Form Versus File Format SCSI Protocol over Parallel SCSI Interconnect Ethernet Interconnect iscsi Fibre Channel (FC) Interconnect Interconnect Bandwidth Comparison Storage Systems DAS SAN NAS Storage Considerations for SQL Server Summary Installing and Upgrading Microsoft SQL Server Preinstallation Planning Minimum Hardware Requirements Selecting the Processor Architecture Installing Internet Information Services Components to Be Installed Service Accounts Multiple Instances and Side-by-Side Installation Licensing Mode Collation

8 Table of Contents xi Authentication Modes Security Considerations Installing SQL Server Installing SQL Server 2005 Using the Installation Wizard Installing SNAC Using the Installation Wizard Installing SQL Server 2005 Using the Command Prompt Upgrading to SQL Server SQL Server Upgrade Advisor Upgrade Procedure Post-Upgrade Steps Reading the SQL Server 2005 Setup Log Files Uninstalling SQL Server Uninstalling SQL Server 2005 Using the Uninstall Wizard Uninstalling SQL Server 2005 Using the Command Prompt Using SQL Server Surface Area Configuration sac Utility Summary Configuring Microsoft SQL Server 2005 on the Network Understanding the SQL Server Network Services SQL Server APIs SQL Server Network Libraries Selecting a Network Library SQL Native Client (SNAC) Using SQL Native Client Tracing and Debugging Configuring Network Protocols Configuring Server and Client Protocols Using ODBC Data Source Names (DSN) Creating an ODBC DSN Using Aliases SQL Server Browser Service SQL Browser Working Hiding a SQL Server 2005 Instance Network Components and Performance

9 xii Table of Contents The Software Layer The Hardware Layer Network Monitoring Monitoring Network Performance Finding Solutions to Network Problems Summary Part III Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Administration 10 Creating Databases and Database Snapshots Understanding the Database Structure Database Files Database Filegroups Understanding System Databases master model msdb resource tempdb AdventureWorks and AdventureWorksDW Creating User Databases Creating a Database Setting Database Options Viewing Database Details Viewing Database Details with SQL Server Management Studio Viewing Database Details with the sp_helpdb Command Deleting a Database Deleting a Database Using SQL Server Management Studio Deleting a Database Using the DROP DATABASE Command Real-World Database Layouts Simple Application Workload Moderately Complex Application Workload Complex Application Workload

10 Table of Contents xiii Using Database Snapshots How Database Snapshots Work Managing Database Snapshots Common Uses Database Snapshots Limitations Summary Creating Tables and Views Table Fundamentals Data Types Nulls IDENTITY Column Creating, Modifying, and Dropping Tables Creating Tables Modifying Tables Dropping Tables Views Advantages of Views Data Security with Views Creating, Modifying, and Dropping Views View Source Modifying Views Dropping Views System Views Summary Creating Indexes for Performance Index Fundamentals How to Optimally Take Advantage of Indexes Index Types Clustered Index Nonclustered Index Included Columns Index Indexed Views Full-Text Index XML Index

11 xiv Table of Contents Designing Indexes Index Best Practices Index Restrictions Using the Index Fill Factor Partitioned Indexes Creating Indexes Index Creation Examples Normal Index Creation Logging Minimally Logged Operations Index Maintenance and Tuning Monitoring Indexes Rebuilding Indexes Disabling Indexes Tuning Indexes Online Index Operations Summary Enforcing Data Integrity What Is Data Integrity? Enforcing Integrity with Constraints PRIMARY KEY Constraints UNIQUE Constraints FOREIGN KEY Constraints CHECK Constraints NULL and NOT NULL Constraints DEFAULT Definitions Summary Backup Fundamentals Why Perform Backups with a Highly Available System? System Failures That Require Backups Hardware Failures Software Failures Purpose of the Transaction Log Microsoft SQL Server Automatic Recovery

12 Table of Contents xv Recovery Models and Logging Simple Recovery Model Full Recovery Model Bulk-Logged Recovery Model Viewing and Changing the Recovery Model Types of Backups Data Backups Differential Backups Log Backups Copy-Only Backups Full-Text Catalog Backups Backup and Media Fundamentals Understanding Backup Devices and Media Sets Mirrored Media Sets Overview of Backup History Tables Viewing Backup Sets in Management Studio Backup Strategy Backing Up System Databases Summary Restoring Data Practicing and Documenting Restore Procedures Restore and Recovery Concepts Restoring Data from Backups Complete Database, Differential Database, and Log Restores Point-in-Time Restore File and Filegroup Restore Page Restore Partial and Piecemeal Restore Revert to Database Snapshot Onine Restore Fast Recovery Summary

13 xvi Table of Contents 16 User and Security Management Principals Logins Users Roles Securables Schemas Permissions Server Permissions Database Object Permissions Statement Permissions Summary Part IV Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Architecture and Features 17 Transactions and Locking What Is a Transaction? ACID Properties Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability Committing Transactions Transaction Commit Modes Transaction Performance Transaction Rollbacks Automatic Rollbacks Programmed Rollbacks Using Savepoints Transaction Locking Locking Management Features Lockable Resources Lock Modes

14 Table of Contents xvii Viewing Locks Locking Hints Blocking and Deadlocks Isolation Levels Concurrent Transaction Behavior Row Versioning Summary Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Memory Configuration Buffer Cache Lazy Writer Process Checkpoint Process SQL Server Memory Allocation Dynamic Memory Allocation Static Memory Allocation Setting Max and Min Server Memory Summary Data Partitioning Partitioning Fundamentals Data Partitioning Basics Partitioning Benefits Performance Benefits of Partitioning Designing Partitions Partitioning Design Fundamentals Creating Partitions Create the Partition Function Create the Partition Scheme Create the Partitioned Table Create the Partitioned Index Viewing Partition Information Viewing Partition Information with SQL Statements Viewing Partition Information with SQL Server Management Studio. 525 Maintaining Partitions Adding Partitions

15 xviii Table of Contents Archiving Partitions Deleting Partitions Repartitioning Tables Partitioning a Nonpartitioned Table Unpartitioning a Table Dropping Partition Functions and Schemes Using Partitions Inserting Data into Partitioned Tables Selecting Data from Partitioned Tables Selecting Data from a Specific Partition Partitioning Scenarios Scenario 1: Partitioning Historical Data Scenario 2: Storage Partitioning Scenario 3: Partitioning for Maintenance Optimization Scenario 4: Spatial Partitioning Scenario 5: Account Partitioning Scenario 6: Join Partitioning Scenario Summary Summary Part V Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Business Intelligence 20 Replication Replication Fundamentals Uses of Replication Scaling Out Applications Data Warehousing Distributing and Consolidating Data Offloading Report Processing Replication Concepts Replication Components Types of Replication Snapshot Replication Transactional Replication Merge Replication

16 Table of Contents xix Components of Replication Replication Data Push and Pull Subscriptions Replication Agents Configuring Replication Configure the Distributor Configure Publications Creating a Publication with SQL Statements Configure Subscribers Creating a Subscription with SQL Statements Configuring an Oracle Publication Managing Replication Publisher Properties Distributor Properties Disable Publishing and Distribution Launch Replication Monitor Generate Scripts Update Replication Passwords New Refresh Monitoring and Tuning Replication Monitoring Replication with perfmon Monitoring Replication with the Replication Monitor Tuning for Snapshot Replication Tuning the Distributor Tuning for Transactional Replication Monitoring and Tuning the Merge Replication System Monitoring the Merge Replication System Tuning the Merge Replication System Summary Integration Services What Is Integration Services? Integration Services Versus Data Transformation Services Integration Services Fundamentals Integration Services Components Overview

17 xx Table of Contents Designing Packages The Development Environment Control Flow Components Connection Managers Data Flow Components Debugging Tools Logging Advanced Integration Services Features Deploying Packages Package Configuration Package Deployment Package Security Package Execution Package Management Monitoring Packages Summary Analysis Services What Is Analysis Services? Analysis Services 2005 Versus Analysis Services Analysis Services Fundamentals Integration with SQL Server 2005 Components Analysis Services Components Overview Designing Analysis Services Projects Data Preparation Starting an Analysis Services Project Dimension Design Cube Design Managing Analysis Services Analysis Server Configuration Deployment Options Partitions Processing Data Security Management Performance Management

18 Table of Contents xxi SQL Server Profiler Performance Counters Summary Reporting Services What Is Reporting Services? Reporting Services 2005 Versus Reporting Services Reporting Services Fundamentals Reporting Services Components Overview Authoring Reports Enterprise Reports Ad Hoc Reports Managing Reporting Services Report Server Configuration Content Management Security Management Performance Management Summary Notification Services and Service Broker What Is Notification Services? Notification Services 2005 Versus Notification Services Notification Services Fundamentals Notification Services Components Overview Developing Notification Services Applications Creating an Instance Configuration File Creating an Application Definition File Creating an XSLT File Using Notification Services Applications Deploying a Notification Services Application Testing a Notification Services Application Adding Subscriptions Submitting Events Viewing Notifications

19 xxii Table of Contents What Is Service Broker? Service Broker Fundamentals Service Broker Components Overview Implementing Service Broker Applications Creating Service Broker Objects Managing Conversations Managing Service Broker Applications Stopping a Service Broker Application Starting a Service Broker Application Backing Up and Restoring a Service Broker Application Querying a Queue Summary Part VI High Availability 25 Disaster Recovery Solutions What Are High Availability and Disaster Recovery? Fundamentals of Disaster Recovery and Disaster Survival Microsoft SQL Server Disaster Recovery Solutions Using Database Backups for Disaster Recovery Log Shipping Database Mirroring Replication SQL Server Clusters Overview of High Availability and Disaster Recovery Technologies Summary Failover Clustering Installation and Configuration What Is a Cluster? Clustering Concepts Overview of MSCS Basic Concepts Cluster Components Cluster Application Types MSCS Modes

20 Table of Contents xxiii Examples of Clustered Systems Example 1 High-Availability System with Static Load Balancing Example 2 Hot Spare System with Maximum Availability Example 3 Partial Server Cluster Example 4 Virtual Server Only, with No Failover Planning Your Configuration Installing and Configuring Windows 2003 and SQL Server 2005 Clustering 850 Creating the Windows Cluster Creating the SQL Server Cluster Additional Steps Using a Three-Tier Application Summary Log Shipping and Database Mirroring Types of Data Loss Log Shipping Configuring Security for Log Shipping and Database Mirroring Configuring Log Shipping Monitoring Log Shipping Log Shipping Failover Removing Log Shipping Tuning Log Shipping: Operations and Considerations Practical Log Shipping Advice Database Mirroring Configuring Database Mirroring Planning and Considerations for Database Mirroring Tuning Database Mirroring Configuring Database Mirroring Monitoring Database Mirroring Using Mirroring and Snapshots for Reporting Servers Summary

21 xxiv Table of Contents Part VII Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting 28 Troubleshooting, Problem Solving, and Tuning Methodologies Troubleshooting and Problem Solving The Problem Solving Attitude Troubleshooting Techniques The Search for Knowledge Performance Tuning and Optimization Tuning and Optimization Basics Troubleshooting and Tuning Methodology Developing a Methodology The Need for Documentation Summary Database System Tuning Monitoring and Tuning Hardware Tools for Monitoring and Tuning Hardware Determining Hardware Bottlenecks Monitoring and Tuning SQL Server Tools for Monitoring and Tuning SQL Server Determining SQL Server Performance Bottlenecks Tuning Microsoft SQL Server Configuration Options Tuning the Database Layout Database Layout Database Options Tuning the tempdb System Database Summary Using Profiler, Management Studio, and Database Engine Tuning Advisor Overview of SQL Server Tools Performance Tools Configuration Tools External Tools

22 Table of Contents xxv Using SQL Server Management Studio SQL Server Management Studio Environment Using Object Explorer Using the Summary Report Pane Analysing SQL Server Logs Viewing Current Activity Generating SQL Server Agent Alerts Executing T-SQL Statements Viewing Execution Plans Using SQL Server Profiler Capturing a SQL Server Profile Trace Using the Database Engine Tuning Summary Dynamic Management Views Understanding Dynamic Management Views Using Dynamic Management Views Common Language Runtime Related DMVs Database-Related DMVs Database Mirroring-Related DMV Execution-Related DMVs and Functions Full-Text Search Related DMVs Input/Output Related DMVs and Functions Index Related DMVs and Functions Query Notifications-Related DMVs Replication-Related DMVs Service Broker-Related DMVs SQL Server Operating System-Related DMVs Transaction-Related DMVs and Functions Creating a Performance Data Warehouse Summary Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Scalability Options Scalability Options Scaling Up

23 xxvi Table of Contents Processor Subsystem Memory Subsystem I/O Subsystems Scaling Out Multiple SQL Server Instances Clustering Database Mirroring Log Shipping Replication Shared Scalable Databases Summary Tuning Queries Using Hints and Plan Guides Understanding the Need for Hints Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hints Join Hints Query Hints Table Hints Plan Guides Creating and Administering Plan Guides Creating Template-Based Plan Guides Best Practices Verifying Plan Guides Usage Example Usage Scenarios for Plan Guides Summary Glossary Index What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you! Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback about this publication so we ca continually improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in online survey, please visit:

24 Chapter 8 Installing and Upgrading Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Preinstallation Planning Installing SQL Server Upgrading to SQL Server Reading the SQL Server 2005 Setup Log Files Uninstalling SQL Server Using SQL Server Surface Area Configuration Summary Now that you have a good understanding of the different editions of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Server, the platforms on which it can be run, and capacity planning and storage configuration concepts, let s get to the next most important step: installing SQL Server This chapter provides a detailed look at the planning necessary before installation and the step-by-step installation process using the graphical user interface and the command line. You will also learn how to upgrade to SQL Server 2005 from earlier versions, how to configure SQL Server features and services using the new SQL Server Surface Area Configuration tool, and how to uninstall SQL Server 2005 components. Preinstallation Planning Before installing SQL Server 2005, it is extremely important that you plan the installation process well and have all the relevant information necessary for the installation process. This will help ensure a smooth installation experience and prevent unnecessary postinstallation changes. 157