Foliage: 3 inches in length; Palmate with 5 lobes; Red, orange, and yellow in fall

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1 2. Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, oval crown Foliage: 3 inches in length; Palmate with 5 lobes; Red, orange, and yellow in fall Fruit: 1 inch in length; Horeshoe-shaped with 2 wings Value: Wood is hard and used for furniture, flooring, and novelties; Sap is collected and made into maple syrup 3. Crepe Myrtle (Lagerstroemia) Size at Maturity: Height: 6-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, oval or flattened crown, Shaped through pruning Foliage: 2 inches in length; yellow in fall Fruit: <1 inch in length; Capsules; Round; Dry Value: Ornamental; Handsome bark; Produces pink, white, or red clusters of flowers in summer 4. Purple Leaf Plum (Prunus cerasifera) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown; Shaped through pruning Foliage: 1-3 inches in length, Ovate and serrated; Bronze or red; Bronze in fall Fruit: 1-3 inches in length, Oval; Purple, Fleshy; Prolific in summer Value: Ornamental; Produces fragrant pink or white flowers in spring; Fruit are eaten by wildlife 5. Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandifloria) Size at Maturity: Height: 50 ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense conical crown Foliage: 5-10 inches in length; Evergreen, Shiny; Ovate Fruit: 2-4 inches in length; Cone-like; Composed of many separate fruits; Seeds are red Value: Fragrant huge flowers (8 inches in width); Leathery foliage; lumber; Seeds are eaten by wildlife 1

2 6. Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Oblong crown Foliage: 2-5 inches in length; Narrow; Brown or Yellow in fall Fruit: ¼ to ½ inch acorn with flat scaly cap; Tan Value: Wood is hard and used for crossties and pulpwood; Long-lived; Produces plentiful acorns for wildlife 7. Leyland Cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, conical crown Foliage: ½ inch in length; Scale-like; Dark blue-green; Feathery; Evergreen Fruit: Cone is small; Brown Value: Ornamental; Fast growing; Used to make hedges or natural screens 8. River Birch (Betula nigra) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Several trunks; Irregular crown Foliage: inches in length, Oval or triangular; Double-toothed edges; Dark green; Yellow in fall Fruit: inches in length; Cone-shaped; with scales, contain 3-winged seeds Value: Wood is used to make inexpensive furniture and toys; Planted to control erosion, stream bank restoration, and as an ornamental 9. Crabapple (Malus species) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Tall informal to dense oval Foliage: inches in length; dark or olive-green; Yellow in fall Fruit: Small apples (<2 inches in width); Red, yellow, or green Value: Ornamental-flowers are white to rose in color; Wood is used for smokehouse kindling; Fruit is edible; Medicinal-used as an antibiotic 2

3 10. Paperbark Maple (Acer griseum) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Oval canopy and short trunk Foliage: 3-5 inches in length, Trifoliate leaves; Orange and red in the fall Fruit: Pair of winged seeds <2 inches length Value: Ornamental-Bark is highly decorative 11. Japanese Tree Lilac (Syringa reticulata) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense oval canopy Foliage: inches in length, Ovate Fruit: 2-6 inches in length; Clusters of capsules Value: Ornamental-White flowers in spring and bark is dark greyish brown speckled with lenticels 12. Yoshino Cherry (Prunus X yedoensis) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense canopy; Round or vase shape Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Ovate; Serrated; Yellow in fall Fruit: ½ - 1 inch length cherries Value: Ornamental-Very showy pink or white flowers in the spring 13. Saucer Magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: 25 ft Shape at Maturity: Open; Several trunks are common; Spreading crown Foliage: 5-8 inches in length, Reverse ovate Fruit: 2-4 inches in length; Cone-like; Composed of many separate fruits; Seeds are red Value: Ornamental-Produces large pink, purple, and white flowers (5-10 inches in diameter) in the spring 3

4 14. Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Open; flat-topped crown Foliage: 1 ½ -3 inches in length, in bundles of 2; Thick; Green; Twisted; Evergreen Fruit: 1 ½ -3 inches in length; Cones; Mature the 2 nd year; Remain on tree for several years after seeds fall Value: Wood is used for paper pulp; Woodpeckers nest in decaying older trees; young foliage is eaten by wildlife 15. White Oak (Quercus alba) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Trunk is rounded and sometimes stocky (3-4 ft wide); Spreading crown Foliage: 4-7 inches in length, Lobate with 7-10 lobes Fruit: ¾ inches in length; Acorn; Egg-shaped; Light chestnut brown in color; cap is bowl-shaped Value: Wood is strong, hard, close-grained; Used for flooring, lumber, furniture, tools, and interior finish; Planted as an ornamental; Wildlife eat the acorns 16. Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Straight; Narrow crown Foliage: inches in length, Pinnately compound; oval, fine toothed leaflets 3-4 inches in length; Yellow in fall Fruit: inches in diameter; Thick; Green husk with nut inside Value: Heartwood is strong, hard with a chocolate-brown color; Used for veneer; fine furniture, gun stocks, and cabinets; Nut shells are ground into a cleaning agent for jet engines; filler for dynamite and as a filter agent; Walnuts are eaten by wildlife and humans; Sapsucker birds feed on the sap 4

5 17. Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Short-trunked; Open, narrow crown Foliage: inches in length; Bipinnately compound, 6-14 leaflets; Yellow in fall Fruit: 4-7 inches in length; Pods filled with seeds; Fall in winter Value: Wood is used for cabinetry; Roasted seeds can substitute for coffee; Raw seeds are poisonous; Fruit pulp is medicinal 18. Red maple (Acer rubrum) Size at Maturity: Height: 90 ft Shape at Maturity: Rounded crown (Open areas); Narrow crown (Forested areas) Foliage: 2-6 inches in length; 3-5 lobes with toothed edges; Brilliant scarlet, orange, or yellow in fall Fruit: ½ - ¾ inches in length; Paired, winged; Reddish Value: Wood is soft and used for pulp; Fruit and buds are eaten by wildlife; Oranmental 19. English Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens Suffruticosa ) 20. American Beech (Fagas grandifolia) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Thick trunk; Broad, rounded crown Foliage: 2-6 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Pointed; Serrated; Yellow in fall Fruit: ¾ inches in length; Prickly burs; Each bur contains 2 nuts each ½ inch in length Value: Wood is hard and used for flooring, veneer, furniture, tools, baskets, etc ; Nuts are eaten by wildlife 21. Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Broad, open crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Heart-shaped; Green or burgandy Fruit: 3-5 inches in length; Long, flattened pod with many seeds 5

6 Value: Ornamental-Produces bright pink to purple flowers in spring 22. Flowering Dogwood (Corunus florida) Size at Maturity: Height: 40 ft Shape at Maturity: Broad, open crown Foliage: 3-6 inches in length; Elliptical; Very tiny teeth; Bright red in fall Fruit: ½ inches in length; Shiny; Red; Berry-like Value: Ornamental-Produces white or pink flowers in spring; Wood is used to make mallets, spools, and jeweler s blocks; Seeds eaten by wildlife 23. Laurel Oak (Quercus hemispahaerica) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Yellow in fall Fruit: ½ - 1 inch in length; Acorns; Oval Value: Ornamental; Grow in very moist soils 25. American Holly (Ilex opaca) Size at Maturity: Height: ft, Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, pyramidal crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Elliptical; spiny-pointed; Thick; Stiff; Evergreen Fruit: < ½ inches in length; Berry-like; Bright red Value: Ornamental; Christmas decorations; Hedges 27. Chinese Red Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Open, flat-topped crown Foliage: 4-6 inches in length; Needles; Arranged in pairs or triplicates Fruit: 1 ½ -2 ½ inches in length; Cones; Ripen in 20 months 6

7 Value: Ornamental (outside of China); Wood is used for construction; Pulp; Resin is used for turpentine; Medicinal uses 28. Black Oak (Quercus velutina) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Open, irregular crown Foliage: 4-10 inches in length; Oval with 5-7 pointed, bristle-tipped lobes; Shiny green; Red in fall Fruit: ½ - 1 inch in length; Acorns; Oval; Cap covers half of acorn Value: Wood is hard and used for flooring, furniture, fences; Long-lived species ( years); Wildlife eat the acorns 29. Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Narrow, oval crown Foliage: 4-6 inches in length; 4 pointed lobes; Yellow in fall Fruit: 2 ½ -3 inches in length; Cone-like cluster of winged seeds; Mature in the fall Value: Wood is used for lumber, trim, and veneers; Wildlife eat the fruit and sap; Very long-lived (up to 300 years) 30. Higan Cherry (Prunus subhirtella Autumnalis ) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Multiple trunks; Rounded crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Yellow in fall Fruit: < ½ inches in length; Oval; Black; Fleshy Value: Ornamental-Abundant pink flowers in spring 31. Bradford Pear (Pyrus calleryana) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, pyramidal to oval crown Foliage: 3 inches in length; Ovate; Leathery Fruit: 1 inches in length; Round 7

8 Value: Ornamental-Produces showy white flowers in the spring 32. Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Short trunk divided into sub-trunks; Open crown Foliage: 2 ½ -5 inches in length; 5 deep lobes; Light green above and silvery white below; Yellow in fall Fruit: 1 ½ -2 ½ inches in length; Paired; Winged; V-shaped; Mature in late spring Value: Wood is soft and used for boxes, furniture, and fuel; Wildlife eat the seeds 33. Kwanzan Cherry (Prunus serrulata) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense, vase shaped crown Foliage: 2-4 in and 4-8 inches in length; Ovate; Serrated; Yellow in fall Fruit: Very small Value: Ornamental; Produces very showy double=pink flowers 34. Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciose) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Irregular, open, rounded crown Foliage: up to 12 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Yellow in fall Fruit: inches in length; Green seed pods; Mature to brown in fall and split open Value: Produces orchid-like white flowers with purple and yellow spotting in late spring 35. Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, conical crown Foliage: ¾ to 1 ¼ inches in length; Needles; Thin, 4 sided; Dull-green to blue-green; Evergreen Fruit: 2 ½ to 4 inches in length; Cones; Papery cone scales; Light yellow brown; Seeds are chestnut brown Value: Ornamental; Windbreaks 8

9 36. American Elm (Ulmus americana) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Straight or forked trunk; Trunk may be enlarged at base; Arching, vase-shaped crown Foliage: 4-6 inches in length; Oval; Serrated; Yellow to brown in fall Fruit: ½ inches in diameter; Flat seed; Clusters on long stems; Ripen in early spring Value: Wood is strong and was used for furniture, flooring, crates, baskets, etc Dutch Elm Disease decimated the population in the early 30 s and a selective breeding program was established; Wildlife eat the fruit 37. Sycamore (Platanus accidentalis) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Massive trunk; Open crown Foliage: 5-8 inches in length; 3-5 major lobes; Large toothed edges Fruit: ½ in seeds packed in a tight ball; Mature in late fall Value: Wood is hard and is used for particle board, paper pulp, fiberboard, etc ; Ornamental for its distinctive camouflage bark; Wildlife eat the seeds and live in the hollowed out center 38. Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Crooked trunk; Irregular crown Foliage: 4-8 inches in length; Roughly oval; Rounded teeth; Fruit: 1-1 ½ inches in length; Acorns; Cap is teacup-like Value: Wood is hard, heavy, and used for flooring, lumber, furniture, and planking, etc ; Wildlife eat the acorns 39. Common China Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Open, irregular, pyramidal crown Foliage: 1 ½ 2 ½ inches in length; Needles; Evergreen Fruit: 1-3 in; Round; Brown; Hard 9

10 Value: Ornamental 41. Foster Holly (Ilex x attenuate Fosteri ) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, pyramidal or columnar crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Ovate; Spiny; Evergreen Fruit: < ½ inch in length; Round; Red; Fleshy Value: Ornamental; Natural screens or accents 42. Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Round, topped crown Foliage: 2 ½ -5 inches in length; Oblong to ovate Fruit: ¾ -2 inches in diameter; Plum-like berry; Reddish-purple when ripe Value: Heartwood is dark brown to black and is used to make spindles and golf club heads; Fruit is eaten by humans and other animals 43. Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) Scotch Broom is a highly invasive species. It is a prolific seed producer that allows it to out compete native species rather quickly. It thrives on disturbance. 44. Deodar Cedar (Cedrus deodara) Size at Maturity: Height: ft, Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense, pyramidal crown Foliage: <2 inches in length; Needles; Green to Silver; Evergreen Fruit: 3-6 inch in length; Cones; Oval; Brown Value: Ornamental; Shade tree 45. Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: 20 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, flattened to irregular crown 10

11 Foliage: 4 inches in length; Palmate; 5 or 7 lobes; Brilliant Red to Purple in fall Fruit: ½ to 1 inch in length; Winged seeds in pairs; Red Value: Ornamental; Spectacular fall foliage colors 46. Kousa Dogwood (Cornus kousa) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Ovate; Purple and red in fall Fruit: ½ -1 inch in length; Red; Fleshy Value: Ornamental; Bark is attractive; Produces white flowers in the spring 47. Crimson King Norway Maple (Acer platanoides Crimson King ) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Spread: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, oval crown Foliage: 4-8 inches in length; Lobate; 5 lobes with incisions Fruit: 1-3 inches in length; Winged; Paired, Green Value: Ornamental; Shade tree; Leaves are purple-green in summer and maroon to yellow in the fall; Fruit eaten by wildlife 48. English Yew (Taxus baccata) Size at Maturity: Height: ft (often shorter if grown as shrub) Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown Foliage: <2 inches in length; Needles; Shiny green; Evergreen Fruit: < ½ inch in length; Berry-like, Round, Red Value: Ornamental; Used to make chemotherapy drugs; Hedges and screens 49. Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Open, oval crown Foliage: 6-9 inches in length; Needles; Bundles of three; Evergreen 11

12 Fruit: 2-6 inches in length; Cones; Light reddish to brown; Spine at tip of each scale; Cones remain on tree a year after seed fall Value: Wood is used for lumber, paper pulp, plywood, and fuel; Common shade tree; Excellent bird habitat 50. Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) (also known as Juniper) Size at Maturity: Height: ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, compact, column-like crown Foliage: 1 / 16 inches in length; Needles; Dark green; Evergreen Fruit: ¼ to 1 / 3 inches in diameter; Berry-like; Round; Fleshy; Female trees only Value: Wood is fragrant and multicolored; Resistant to decay; Used for furniture as well as pet bedding; Berries are used to make gin; Excellent habitat for birds 51. Thornless Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos inermis) Size at Maturity: Height: ft; Diameter of crown: ft Shape at Maturity: Open, oval to flattened crown Foliage: 4-8 inches in length; Pinnately or Bipinnately compound; over 20 paired leaflets; Yellow in fall Fruit: 6-16 inches in length; flattened, thick walled pod Value: Popular for shade and hedges; Wildlife eat sweet pods; Pins made from thorns (Thorned variety) References and Good Sources of Information Arbor Day Foundation. North Dakota Tree Handbook. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. University of Florida IFAS Extension. Virginia Department of Forestry Common native trees of Virginia. Virginia Department of Forestry. 12