Ingvar Berglund Head of Safety and Environment at Forsmark NPP, Sweden. Safety improvements licensees motivation and concerns

Transcription

1 Ingvar Berglund Head of Safety and Environment at Forsmark NPP, Sweden Safety improvements licensees motivation and concerns

2 Forsmark Kraftgrupp AB - organisation Department of Safety and Environment CEO CEO F1 F1 F2 F2 F3 F3 School School Economy Economy Information Information Safety Safety and and environment environment Business Business development development Personnel Personnel Service Service Technology Technology Maintenance Maintenance Safety Safety and and Environment, Environment, FQ FQ FQA FQA Quality Quality FQF FQF Security Security FQM FQM Environment Environment and and Industrial safety Industrial safety FQR FQR Radiological Radiological safety safety FQS FQS Nuclear Nuclear Safety Safety

3 The Forsmark reactors Forsmark 1 Generator output net 1010 MWe BWR ASEA-ATOM design Critical reactor April 23, 1980 Commercial operation December 10, 1980 Power uprate to 108% 1986 New LP-turbines 2005 Power uprate planned 2008 Forsmark 2 Generator output net 964 MWe BWR ASEA-ATOM design Critical reactor November 16, 1980 Commercial operation July 7, 1981 Power uprate to 108% 1986 New LP-turbines planned 2006 Power uprate planned 2009 Forsmark 3 Generator output net 1190 MWe BWR ASEA-ATOM design Critical reactor October 28, 1984 Commercial operation August 21, 1985 Power uprate to 109% 1989 New LP-turbines 2004 Power uprate planned 2010

4 Business concept Competitive electricity generation - sustainable, safe and environmentally sound

5 Future target Production Consumption Taxes? Fees? { P40+ Turbine New safety requirements Other investments Plant facilities Business concept Employees Personnel competence Safety/Confidence Power uprate License extension Target: 40-year Life cycle

6 148TWh production in Sweden 2004 Nuclear 75 TWh Wind 0,75 TWh Hydro 59 TWh Conventional thermal 13 TWh

7 The Swedish nuclear power situation, background 12 commercial reactors, 9 BWR (ASEA-ATOM design), 3 PWR (Westinghouse design). Commissioned between 1972 and Original operating licenses were based on reactor specific licensing conditions based to a large extent on adaption of US requirements at the time. All original licensing conditions are fulfilled. Reactor specific conditions has gradually been substituted by common regulations and requirements.

8 The Swedish nuclear power situation The two reactors in Barsebäck are permanently shut down for political reasons. Phase-out is still on the political agenda but earlier time limit 2010 has been abolished. Nuclear produced electricity is profitable for the owners. Authority requirements imply over 500 million Euro investments for safety improvements over the next decade. Power uprates are planned at all operating units. Long term operation is planned at all operating units.

9 Safety improvement motivation Responsibility for safety Confidence Safety programme Periodic safety review Safety policy Keep competence and resources Predictability of production, costs and investments New and updated regulations

10 Responsibility for safety Swedish Nuclear act: The license holder has the full responsibility for safety and shall take all necessary actions to maintain safety

11 Confidence The public, politicians and the authority has to be confident that the licensee can operate the plant safely

12 Safety policy Continous improvement should be part of the safety policy and thus required and supported by top management

13 Safety programme A safety programme is required by law. The programme shall state the safety improvement measures, technical as well as organizational, which arise as a result of continuous analysis and assessment. The programme shall be updated yearly.

14 Periodic safety review A periodic safety review (PSR) every 10 years is required by law An integrated analysis and overall safety assessment concerning compliance with valid safety requirements whether the necessary conditions is in place in order to operate the facility in a safe manner until the next review measures proposed on the basis of the PSR

15 Keep competence and resources In order to operate the plant in a safe way it is necessary to have a competent staff and knowledge resources available over time

16 Predictability of production, costs and investments A nuclear power plant is a long term investment and needs large reinvestments NPP production should be free of surprises A safe plant and a proactive approach to safety is needed to keep the plant producing in the long run One should be free to make ones own integrated plans and not have to change course because the authority has to intervene

17 SKI regulations on design and construction Background and purpose: The containment strainer clogging incident in 1992 was an alarm clock. Reactors that will be operated for several decades in the 21:st century should have a safety level that is comparable to that of new reactors. Lower safety standards should not be an advantage on a deregulated market. Coordination with modernisation programmes. Deterministic basis: what should the design be able to handle. Probabilistic assessment for risk estimation; probability and consequences should be considered.

18 SKI regulations on design and construction SKI has issued regulations with basic requirements for the design and construction of reactors in operation The new regulations has two purposes: To eliminate reactor specific licensing conditions. The safety level shall be in line with modern international requirements. The new regulations was developed in cooperation between the authority and the nuclear industry.

19 Vattenfall Nuclear Safety Council; May 2000, recommendations Co-operation with SKI for establishment of a balanced and distinct Code of Regulations Establish common Safety Goals and ambitions to support fair competition on a deregulated European Market Vattenfall s Powerplants should come out well regarding safety in comparison to other European powerplants Code should be challenging enough to give predictability for the next 15 to 20 years

20 SKI regulations on design and construction Action programme: SKI requests the submission of a programme for safety improvements that fulfils the requirements for each reactor. SKI reviews the programmes and other relevant information. SKI decides on the necessary reactor-specific actions as a condition for continued operation after specified dates.

21 Impact on Forsmark Investments for the period 2003 to 2013 Main safety related areas Diversity in safety functions (shut-down, emergency core cooling, residual heatremoval) Separation and independence External events and accidents

22 Impact on Forsmark Long term cooling Post-accident instrumentation Emergency control room Fire protection (separation) For older plants in addition: Fire protection and physical separation Consequences of Pipe break Diverse reactor blowdown Maintenance during operation

23 Concerns It s safe enough Management issues: E.g. managers not in the field, not sufficiently engaged in hands-on production and safety issues Licensees not proactive, the authority has to take the initiative Regulation in detail instead of dialogue and agreements based on a mutual understanding of principles

24 Forsmark strategy Power uprate F1 F2 F3 40+ years of operation / New safety requirements F3 F1 F2 F3 (F1) (F2) (F3) F1 F2 F3 Production tg e >92% 28 TWh 3610 MW e Safety and Confidence 2013

25 Thank you! Nuclear Power Plants Units