Coniferous Tree Varieties

Transcription

1 Otsego Soil & Water Conservation District 967 County Highway 33 Cooperstown, NY Telephone: ext. 4 Fax: Website: SEEDLINGS: A seedling is a plant that has been planted into its first seedbed. Seedlings are economical for large-scale plantings. TRANSPLANTS: Transplants are seedlings, which have been removed from the seedbed and placed into a transplant bed. Compared to a seedling, transplants have a superior root system and the main stem is more developed. Coniferous Tree Varieties Northern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis Size: small to medium sized (average maximum height 50 ft) Crown: narrowly conic to broadly pyramidal (USDA Plants) Bark: grey to reddish brown, fibrous Needles: scale like, opposite in alternating pairs, about an inch long Cones: 1/3 to ½ inch long, Habitat: Cool, moist, nutrient rich soils Uses: ornamental, wildlife, timber (fence posts, etc.)

2 Balsam Fir Abies balsamea (Wisconsin Christmas tree Producers Association) Size: small to medium (average height 46 ft to 66 ft tall) (Wikipedia) Crown: narrow, conical Bark: smooth and gray with resin blisters Needles: ¾-1 inch tall, often curved Cone: 2-4 inches long, purplish color, stand erect on branches Habitat: Grows on a variety of sites, but prefers a loamy soil Uses: Christmas trees, pulpwood Canadian Hemlock Tsuga canandensis Average height up to 99 ft tall Crown: broadly conical Bark: brown, scaly, fissured Needle: flat, two-ranked, about ½ inch long Cone: small, about an inch long Habitat: Shade tolerant Generally does not tolerate nutrient poor, wet, or poorly drained sites (USDA Plants) Uses: Timber, wildlife habitat (deer, ruffled grouse, etc.)

3 Colorado Blue Spruce Picea pungens (USDA Plants Database Height: average maximum about 165 ft Crown: long conical Cones: 2 ½-4 inches long, color green to violet, ripening to a pale brown Bark: thick, gray brown, breaking into furrows and ridges Needle: grow at right angle from twig, stiff and sharp, ½-1 in long, silvery to blue green Habitat: Cultivated on wide variety of soils that are well drained Does not tolerate very moist soils Uses: Often planted as an ornamental and Christmas Trees species Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Height: around 100 ft, can get taller Crown: conical Cones: 3-4 in long, have 3 pointed bracts on cone longer than cone scale Bark: dark gray with resin blisters Needle: ¾ to 1 inch in length, persistent (up to 8 years) Habitat: Grows best on deep, moist, well drained soils Uses: lumber, conservation (erosion control, etc.), windbreaks, wildlife (food, habitat), Christmas Trees

4 Fraser Fir Abies fraseri (Comstock Trees and Services) Height: small to medium sized, ft tall Crown: narrow, conical Cones: pollen cones ½ inches in length, seed cones 1 ½-2 inches Bark: smooth, with resin blisters Needle: About ½ to 1 inch in length Root system: very shallow Habitat: Prefers soils that are shallow or rocky Uses: Conservation (erosion control, etc.), Ornamental, Christmas tree (USFS Index of Species Information) Japanese Larch Larix (The Gymnosperm Database) (A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants) Height: grows to about 130 ft Crown: conical and dense Cones: ¾ to 1 in long, ovoid and erect on shoots Bark: smooth and red brown on young trees, scaly, fissured, gray when old Needle: blue green, turn yellow in autumn, deciduous, 2 in long, arranged in circular clusters Habitat: Typically grows best on acidic soils, moderately well drained sandy or clay-loam soils. Is not site specific however, it can adapt to a variety of soils and conditions. Uses: Ornamental

5 Norway Spruce Picea Abies Height: grows to about ft tall, pendulant branching Crown: conical Cones: 4-6 in long, diamond shaped scales Bark: orange brown, scaly Needle: light to dark green, 4 sided, under 1 inch in length Habitat: Can live on a variety of sites Uses: Ornamental, pulpwood (The Gymnosperm Database) White Pine Pinus strobus Height: up to 150 tall Crown: pyramidal, distinctive plate-like branching Cones: 4-8 in long, 1 in thick Bark: thin, smooth, greenish brown on young, older is dark gray, fissured Needle: occur in bundles of 5, 2 1/5-5 inches long Habitat: Can grow in a variety of sites and soil types Uses: Timber, ornamental, wildlife (seeds eaten by squirrels, deer, birds, etc.), conservation (erosion control, etc.)

6 White Spruce Picea glauca Height: up to 82 ft tall Crown: broadly conic to spire like, branches point upward Cones: 1-2 ½ in long, brown Bark: gray brown, thin scales Needle: blue-green, 4 sided, often with whitish coating Habitat: Grows best in mineral soil, can tolerate various conditions Uses: Pulpwood, lumber, Christmas trees, ornamental Black Cherry Prunus Serotina Deciduous Tree Varieties Height: up to 125 tall Seed: about ½ inch in diameter, black berry-like fruit Bark: fissured, scaley Leaf: alternate, simple, 2-5 inches long, ovate, finely toothed Flowers: Clusters of small, white, 5 petaled Habitat: intolerant of shade, prefers rich soils and bottomlands Uses: wood valuable for lumber, wildlife value (fruit used as food by birds and mammals)

7 Black Walnut Juglans nigra Height: ft tall Seed: about 1½ to 2 inches in diameter, sphere shaped, thick fleshy husk Bark: deep furrowed and ridges, brown to grayish black Twig: pith dark, chambered Leaf: compound, 6-12 inches long, 9-23 leaflets attached to rachis Flowers: grow in terminal clusters Habitat: deep, well drained, rich soils Uses: lumber, seeds eaten by wildlife and humans Lilac Syringa vulgaris Height: medium sized shrub (12-16 ft tall) Seed: ½ in long with wing Bark: gray to brown, scaly Leaf: simple, ovate, 2-4 ½ in long, Flowers: white or purple flowers in terminal clusters Habitat: intolerant of shade, can grow in multiple soil types but prefers slightly acidic soil Uses: ornamental, can be used for lilac oil and dyes

8 Red Oak Quercus rubra Height: ft Seed: acorn, 6 inches long Bark: dark gray or black, furrowed Leaf: alternate, elliptic, lobed, about 6 inches long, bristle tipped ends Flowers: catkins Habitat: deep, well drained uplands Uses: lumber, ornamental, wildlife food (acorns for animals) Sugar Maple Acer Saccharum Height: ft Seed: double winged samara, ¾ to 1 inch long Bark: light gray to gray brown, deeply furrowed Leaf: 2-4 inch long, opposite, with 5 toothed lobes Flowers: small, greenish yellow, in long clusters Habitat: rich, well drained soil Uses: lumber, ornamental, maple syrup, wildlife food and cover (deer and rabbit browse)

9 White Paper Birch Betula papyrifera Height: small to medium sized Seed: catkins about 1-2 inches long Bark: thin, smooth, dark red to almost black when young, bright creamy white when mature Leaf: simple, alternate, ovate or triangular 2-4 inches long Habitat: does best in acidic, well drained, sandy or loamy soils Uses: pulpwood, lumber, fuel, landscape, wildlife, and conservation (erosion prevention, stream bank stabilization, etc.) Red Maple- - -Acer rubrum (USDA Plant Database) Height small to medium sized (16-54 ) On young trees, bark is smooth and light gray; with age becomes darker and breaks up into long scaly plates. Leaves are opposite, 3 to 5 palmate lobes with serrated margins; sinuses relatively shallow 2 to 4 inches long. Habitat: It develops best on moderately well-drained, moist sites at low to intermediate elevations; it is common in mountainous country on the drier ridges and on south and west exposures of upper slopes. Uses: It is also a highly desirable wildlife browse food. White-tailed deer especially use the current season's growth as an important source of winter food.

10 Callery Pear Pyrus calleryana Trees have scaly gray-brown bark and branches with numerous short lateral twigs. Twigs ending in thorns are typical of the species, but the Bradford cultivar is thorn less. The leaves are simple, 2-3 inches long, broadest near the rounded base and tapering to the tip. They are light to dark green and glossy with a wavy edge. The leaves remain green late into the fall and finally turn a deep red color before falling. Callery pear is one of the earliest trees to flower in the spring, well before the leaves appear. The flowers are white, about ¾ inch in diameter, with five white petals Callery pear fruits are small, ¼-½ inch in diameter, and hard and brown when ripe; each fruit contains 2-4 shiny black seeds. Birds and small mammals eat the fruits. Habitat: The spread of Callery Pear along roadsides, rights-of-way, and in successional old fields Uses: The landscape industry popularized it and before long it was being planted in urban and suburban settings from parking lots and streets to home landscapes. In 1982 the National Landscape Association voted 'Bradford' callery pear the second most popular tree in America. Sargent Crab Apple Malus sargentii Height small (8 ) Pink buds open to a profuse, but brief, spring bloom of fragrant, white flowers (1" diameter). Profuse bloom often occurs only in alternate years. Flowers are followed by small, red crabapples (1/4" diameter) which mature in the fall. The pea-sized fruits are sweet-flavored like rose hips, but are not usually used in cooking. Fruits are long-lasting and attractive to birds, however. Ovate, lobed, dark green leaves turn yellow in autumn. The yellow fall color contrasts well with the red fruit. Habitat: Prefers full sun and moist, well-drained, slightly acidic loams but is quite adaptable to varying soil conditions.

11 Uses: Provides high quality cover for roosting, loafing and nesting birds. This species is important to many song and game birds and squirrels, as the fruit is usually maintained well into the winter. Rabbits and whitetail browse this species. Larch: Eastern Larch: It is a small to medium-size deciduous coniferous tree reaching meters (33 66 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 60 centimeter s (24 in) diameter. The tamarack is not an evergreen. The bark is tight and flaky, pink, but under flaking bark it can appear reddish. The leaves are needle-like, 2 3 cm ( in) short, light blue-green, turning bright yellow before they fall in the autumn, leaving the pale pinkish-brown shoots bare until the next spring. The needles are produced spirally on long shoots and in dense clusters on long woody spur shoots. The cones are the smallest of any larch, only cm ( in) long, with seed scales; they are bright red, turning brown and opening to release the seeds when mature, 4 6 months after pollination.

12 Birch: River Birch: The cinnamon-colored, exfoliating bark of the River Birch is spectacular in the winter. Lustrous, medium-green leaves. Most borer resistant birch. Tolerant of both wet soils and dry summers. Avoid very alkaline soils. Grows to 40' to 70', 40'-60' spread. (Zones 4-9) Myrtle: Vinca minor Ground Cover Varieties Small shiny evergreen leaves with purple flowers in the spring. 5-petaled pinwheel-shaped flowers bring welcome color to a shady spot. The shiny leaves are arranged along stems that may reach three feet in length, but are only six inches high. The stems will root wherever they touch the ground. Habitat: Requires partial to full shade; the leaves develop chlorosis and the plant declines in full sun. It does best in fertile, well-drained loam, but will tolerate less-than-optimal conditions. While preferring damp soil, established plantings will endure some drought. Allowing the foliage and soil surface to dry between watering helps prevent Vinca Stem Blight, a fungal disease brought on by constantly wet conditions.

13 Uses: Because it competes successfully with tree myrtle is frequently used as an evergreen groundcover under woody plants. The trailing stems are also attractive spilling over the sides of flowering containers.\ Pachysandra One of the most attractive evergreen ground covers available. Has alternating leaves 3-4 inches long. It is in leaf all year, in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen from September to October. The flowers are monocots (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) Habitat: Woodland Garden; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; Deep Shade; Ground Cover; The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) or semi-shade (light woodland). It requires dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. Uses: Ground cover for shade areas. Excellent selection for shaded areas under shallow-rooted trees. WILDFLOWER SEED MIX The wildflower seed mix covers approximately 1,200-1,500 square foot of ground. SHADY: As the name implies, this mixture is for lower light conditions. Shady includes 11 varieties that will tolerate shaded and partial sun areas. SUNNY: Here, the accent is on full sun and drier conditions. The 20 varieties are perfect for low maintenance areas in the open landscape plan. BIRD & BUTTERFLY: The bird and butterfly mixture includes 13 varieties intended to attract Hummingbirds and Butterflies. ENVIRO-FRIENDLY SEED MIX: This mix produces a friendly, healthy environment that attracts Butterflies, Hummingbirds, insects, and songbirds.

14 Fruit Tree & Berry Bushes Blueberries: Climax: Majority of berries ripen at same time. Excellent for commercial purposes Bluebelle: Quality berries for long periods.

15 Blackberries: Zone 4-9 Brazos: It is early and has very large, fair quality fruit that is maintained over the entire fruiting season. The fruit is slightly sour and rather seedy. Darrow: The berries themselves are exceptionally large and sugar sweet. One of the most winter hardy blackberries! Ripen early. Sweet Darrow Blackberry bushes are very thrifty, vigorous growing bushes that are exceptionally hardy -- having withstood temperatures of 22 below zero. The bushes are upright with very strong canes, being able to hold up a heavy crop without breaking down. Quick Crop Plants, 2 - year transplanted

16 Dwarf Fruit Trees: Imagine, full sized delicious fruits from a space saving tree. The dwarf fruit is now available to all, and at remarkably low prices. Not only are these wonderful trees advantageous from the standpoint of saving space, they also begin to bear fruit when only 2 to 3 years old. These trees are produced by budding or grafting regular varieties on special dwarf rootstocks. Trees usually reach maturity at 6 to 8ft. Granny Smith Apple Don t let this green skin fool you-it is a deliciously crisp and juicy apple for those who like them tart-sweet. Superb cooking qualities. Native to the Southern Hemisphere and not too well-known here. Unusually long-season, apple ripens late October to early November. Longest storage life of any apple we know. Grimes Golden Apple- Produces an excellent number of apple fruits because of its numerous and dense fruit spurs that are closely spaced on the twigs. The classical texture of the apple is unmatched for crispness, and the tart flavor is unforgettable, when it ripens in mid-october. Hale Haven Peach- Todays most planted most popular and most dependable, hi-yielding, hiquality, hardy yellow freestone. Rapidly overtaking the Elberta Peach. Ripens in mid-july.

17 Elberta Peach- Still the most popular peach on the market, and universally planted. Yellow freestone of excellent quality; juicy, firm but tender. Tree is hardy, productive and disease resistant ripens in late August. Red June Plum- Bright red plum which ripens early and averages good size. Firm and high quality. Stanley Prune Plum- Medium-sized purplish fruit. Excellent for preserves, jams and jellies. Excellent bearers. Freestone. Produces large yields.

18 Concord Grape- The Concord Grape is one of the most popular and reliable grapes ever grown. Bunch is large and round, and well shouldered. Berries are large and round almost black in color. Juicy and delicious with a very sweet, buttery flavor. Ripens in mid to late September. Niagara Grape- The most popular of all the white grapes. Fruit has a delightful, sweet flavor and large size. Vines are hardy and very productive. Excellent dessert grape.