METEOROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND SUGARCANE DISEASE FORECASTING FOR ORANGE RUST. BSES Limited Mackay 1 Tully 2.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "METEOROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND SUGARCANE DISEASE FORECASTING FOR ORANGE RUST. BSES Limited Mackay 1 Tully 2."

Transcription

1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND SUGARCANE DISEASE FORECASTING FOR ORANGE RUST By T.N. STAIER 1, R.C. MAGAREY 2 and W.A. FINLAYSON 2 BSES Limited Mackay 1 Tully 2 tstaier@bses.org.au KEYWORDS: Meteorological, Disease, Forecasting, Orange Rust. Abstract AT THE TIME of the orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii) disease epidemic in 2000, there was evidence of a relationship between location and disease incidence and severity in the highly susceptible variety Q124. To understand the factors governing disease occurrence, laboratory research was undertaken. This provided information on temperature and relative humidity requirements for orange rust spore germination. Subsequently, weather stations were placed within sugarcane crops in the Mackay district of central Queensland and meteorological conditions recorded within the crop on a frequent basis. Results were analysed in accordance with the laboratory findings. This paper reviews the experience gained over several seasons and the extension strategies used to deliver information to industry. Use of this knowledge may help to improve our understanding of disease incidence in the Australian sugar industry, not only with orange rust but also with other leaf pathogens. Introduction Orange rust, caused by Puccinia kuehnii, caused large yield and financial losses to the Australian sugar industry in the period (Magarey et al., 2002; Staier et al., 2003; Magarey et al., 2003). It is thought the epidemic resulted from a change in strain of the pathogen; the previous strain only caused minor yield losses in a couple of historically minor varieties. In the current epidemic, the central district, including Mackay, Proserpine and Sarina areas, was especially affected since the susceptible Q124 constituted up to 85% of the crop In order to minimise economic effects, research was directed to alternative control strategies to provide time for farmers to replant with more resistant canes. This research identified several fungicides with activity against orange rust (Magarey et al., 2002; Staier et al., 2003) and emergency registration enabled the industry to apply fungicide to minimise yield losses. In any fungicide disease control program, application of the minimum required material leading to good disease control will have several important benefits:

2 (i) (ii) there will be lower amounts of chemical released into the environment leading to a reduced risk of environmental problems; and the cost of the control program will be lower since less material needs to be purchased. In other higher value crops, this has led to research into the epidemiology of diseases in order to be able to predict when, and how severe, the disease will be (Magarey et al., 2001a). These disease models usually consider parameters such as relative humidity, leaf wetness and temperature as the main controlling variables in disease development (Magarey et al., 2001b). Once a link between weather and disease has been established, it is possible to monitor weather conditions, use the disease models to predict outbreaks, and apply fungicide only when it will be needed, thus minimising costs and adverse environmental impacts. In this paper, we consider the application of these techniques to orange rust of sugarcane, what was done during the orange rust epidemic of , and the options for similar applications with other leaf diseases. A preliminary disease development x weather parameter model was constructed which in time would be refined to predict orange rust development more accurately. In the meantime, predictions can be used to assist the cane-growing community to control the disease at minimum cost. This paper reports on model development and the results of extending the predictions to industry. Materials and methods The effect of weather parameters on orange rust There are several weather parameters that may influence disease development at various times in the development cycle. There was insufficient time or funding to completely examine all the influences of weather on orange rust development during the epidemic. Magarey et al. (2004), therefore, investigated the influence of two weather parameters, relative humidity and temperature on Orange rust spore germination. Data from these studies enabled the development of a preliminary disease development model, which could be refined to predict orange rust occurrence and severity more accurately. They found that relative humidities of 97% and above were needed for significant spore germination, and that temperatures between 17 0 C and 24 0 C were optimal (Magarey et al., 2004). This enabled weather data to be analysed to determine the time periods each day/week/month in given locations that favoured spore germination. Field disease observations were made regularly at several geographical locations, as well as adjacent to the Agrilink weather station. These data were used to compare predicted disease activity with that actually occurring.

3 Weather data collection Bureau of Meteorology data Data were collected from two sources: from the Bureau of Meteorology, and from the commercial weather monitoring company Agrilink. Weather Bureau data were available for four locations, Cairns, Townsville, Mackay and Brisbane with records of relative humidity and temperature recorded each 15 minutes each day. The records were obtained over a four-year period. Weather Bureau data were analysed using the Excel program. Agrilink data An Agrilink weather station was stationed within a crop at BSES Mackay. This facilitated within crop data recording. The sensors for humidity and temperature were adjusted to 1 metre above ground level and the weather station situated >10 m inside the crop. Radio telemetry allowed data to be sent to a central recording facility, enabling on-line data access. Data were recorded at 15 minute intervals. Software from Agrilink was used to analyse incoming data and to provide an online display of the accumulated time periods favourable to orange rust spore germination. Outputs were the number of hours each day where conditions were suitable for orange rust spore germination. Crop disease monitoring Crop monitoring was undertaken to determine how weather predictions related to disease development. Monitoring began in the susceptible Q124 in plant or ratoon crops when they were approximately 400 mm in height. Visual assessment of leaf area affected was performed at least every 14 days, or even more frequently when disease build-up was rapid. Eight stalks were selected at five metre intervals and the area affected on the 7 th unfurled leaf (from top) was assessed. Younger leaves had insufficient time to express disease symptoms while older leaves often had already begun to senesce. Extension to industry Results were extended to industry via a range of methods including radio, newspaper and other BSES publications. Reports were presented at regular intervals and at times when decisions were to be made regarding disease control strategies. Results Weather Bureau data When weather data were obtained and analysed for the previous 5 years for Mackay, Townsville, Brisbane and Cairns, clear differences between sites were evident. The data indicated Mackay was the most favourable of the four sites for spore germination in terms of optimum temperature and relative humidity (Figure 1).

4 6 Year Average of Optimum Times for Orange Rust Development average of hours at optimum conditions Brisbane Cairns Mackay Tow nsville 0 January March May July September November Fig. 1 Monthly average hours where conditions were suitable for orange rust spore germination in Brisbane, Mackay, Townsville and Cairns. Agrilink weather monitoring The sites additional to the Agrilink weather station site provided insight into overall disease incidence, and a better guide to variation in disease and climate within sub-districts. Disease predictions were assessed qualitatively by comparing disease incidence, severity in relation to stage of crop growth, weather conditions and disease inoculum levels. These factors are critical inputs for a model. When regular infection events were predicted, field disease levels were assessed and recorded (Figure 2). The predictions based on this information typically carried forward 4 days allowing growers to organise disease control strategies (fungicide application) in accordance with the emergency use permit. As initial disease level at the time of an infection event affects how much disease will develop at any one time, a disease threshold was needed. If the disease increased above this level, and suitable environmental conditions were experienced, a disease warning was issued to farmers to consider fungicide application. The initial threshold was set at 10% leaf area affected, but this was revised down to 5% from the calculated relationship between leaf area affected and yield in fungicide control experiments. Conditional formatting was applied to the data in MS Excel and, when average values for the 7 th leaf exceeded 5%, a cell would go red indicating that disease control needed to be investigated (Figure 3).

5 Extension The disease predictions proved useful to growers; in several instances BSES provided a one-to-one grower service with excellent results. Other activities included publishing the inoculum levels weekly, together with suggestions concerning control strategies, in industry newspapers (e.g. Bush Telegraph). Radio reports were also issued and any major developments televised. Shed meetings provided informal detailed discussions about control options and sub-district disease developments. Discussion This paper illustrates how weather data can be used to predict leaf disease occurrence and when control strategies need to be applied. We used only data relating to spore germination and this was only a guide to predicting disease occurrence. Spore germination is only one aspect of the pathogen life cycle; the conditions required in total for disease development have not yet been fully studied. Much more research is needed to relate weather parameters to disease incidence, including the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the leaf infection process, pustule development, spore production and spore dispersal. Only when this information is to hand will there be confidence that the disease model has a high degree of accuracy. Even given this limitation, our observations suggest spore germination information did provide a reasonable degree of predictability as to when orange rust was likely to occur in central Queensland crops. Further work is needed on the following: (i) research relating other aspects of disease development to temperature and relative humidity; and (ii) refinement of the threshold leaf area diseased above which yield parameters are reduced. Both aspects are important to the generation of an accurate disease model. Magarey et al. (2001b) review disease models in other crops, relating environmental parameters to control programs. Much research is needed not only with sugarcane but also with most other crops. In Queensland, a larger set of weather monitoring data loggers spread through out the state would provide a valuable data set for determining how favourable conditions for disease vary between districts. With a long-term set of data, the probability of severe disease in any one year could be predicted and the probabilities between districts compared. This information could then be used by plant breeders to determine what level of resistance was needed in commercial varieties to minimise yield losses. Such information and outputs may not only be applied to orange rust but could equally be applied to brown rust and yellow spot diseases. Currently, the area planted to varieties susceptible to orange rust in the central district is now much reduced and at a level where district production is no longer significantly subject to this disease. Control is therefore largely accomplished through resistant varieties. Further research of epidemiology traits will provide inputs for more complex models of increasing accuracy. The industry and environment were spared ineffective fungicide application through the utilisation of the predictive models described here.

6 REFERENCES Magarey, R.C., Staier, T. and Willcox, T.G. (2002). Fungicides for control of orange rust in the 2001 Queensland crop. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugarcane Technol., 24: (CD-ROM) 8 p. Magarey, R.C., Croft, B.J. and Willcox, T.G. (2001a). An epidemic of orange rust on sugarcane in Australia. Proc. Int. Soc. Sugarcane Technol., 24: Magarey, R.C., Bull, J.I. and Neilsen, W.A. (2003). Yield losses caused by several endemic diseases in Queensland. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugarcane Technol., 25: (CD-ROM). Magarey, R.C., Neilsen, W.A. and Magnani, A.J. (2004). Environmental requirements for spore germination in three sugarcane leaf pathogens. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., 26: (These Proceedings). Magarey, R.D., Seem, R.C., Russo, J.M, Zack, J.W., Waight, K.T., Travis, J.W. and Oudemans, P.V. (2001b). Site-specific weather information without on-site sensors. Pl. Dis., 85: Staier, T., Magarey, R. and Willcox, T.G. (2003). Control of orange rust in sugarcane with fungicides. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., 25: (CD-ROM).

CAPACITY PLANNING IN A SUGARCANE HARVESTING AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM USING SIMULATION MODELLING. ANDREW HIGGINS 1 and IAN DAVIES 2

CAPACITY PLANNING IN A SUGARCANE HARVESTING AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM USING SIMULATION MODELLING. ANDREW HIGGINS 1 and IAN DAVIES 2 CAPACITY PLANNING IN A SUGARCANE HARVESTING AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM USING SIMULATION MODELLING By ANDREW HIGGINS 1 and IAN DAVIES 2 1 CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Level 3, QBP, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia,

More information

EXPERIENCES ON TRANSFER OF MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA IN TURKEY. Nevin AÇIKGÖZ

EXPERIENCES ON TRANSFER OF MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA IN TURKEY. Nevin AÇIKGÖZ ANADOLU, J. of AARI 7 (1) 1997, 1-8 MARA EXPERIENCES ON TRANSFER OF MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA IN TURKEY Nevin AÇIKGÖZ Aegean Agricultural Research Institute POB. 9 Menemen,

More information

Light penetration into the soybean canopy and its influence on soybean rust infection

Light penetration into the soybean canopy and its influence on soybean rust infection Light penetration into the soybean canopy and its influence on soybean rust infection Jim Marois David Wright, Sheeja George, Pratibha Srivastava, Phil Harmon, Carrie Harmon, Heather Young (UF) Andy Schuerger

More information

Strawberry Anthracnose

Strawberry Anthracnose Strawberry Anthracnose Bill Turechek and Cathy Heidenreich Introduction - The term anthracnose is a general term used to describe plant diseases. Strawberry anthracnose refers to several diseases of strawberry

More information

Strawberry Leaf Spot

Strawberry Leaf Spot Strawberry Leaf Spot Cathy Heidenreich and Bill Turechek Introduction - Leaf spot is one of the most common and widespread diseases of strawberry. Mycosphaerella fragariae is also the cause of black seed

More information

04-02. Evaluation of Foliar Fungicides for the Control of Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis) in SRWW in the Northern Texas Blacklands

04-02. Evaluation of Foliar Fungicides for the Control of Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis) in SRWW in the Northern Texas Blacklands 04-02. Evaluation of oliar ungicides for the Control of Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis) in SRWW in the Northern Texas Blacklands COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT 2004 Donald J. Reid, Agronomist Texas A

More information

Basic Climatological Station Metadata Current status. Metadata compiled: 30 JAN 2008. Synoptic Network, Reference Climate Stations

Basic Climatological Station Metadata Current status. Metadata compiled: 30 JAN 2008. Synoptic Network, Reference Climate Stations Station: CAPE OTWAY LIGHTHOUSE Bureau of Meteorology station number: Bureau of Meteorology district name: West Coast State: VIC World Meteorological Organization number: Identification: YCTY Basic Climatological

More information

Analysis of the determinants of prices and costs in product value chains

Analysis of the determinants of prices and costs in product value chains SUGAR PRODUCTS Analysis of the determinants of prices and costs in product value chains SUGAR OVERVIEW Background Sugar commodity returns from the world market are based on global demand and supply. The

More information

Appendix A Flood Damages Assessment

Appendix A Flood Damages Assessment Appendix A Flood Damages Assessment 106 GHD Report for Bundaberg Regional Council - Floodplain Action Plan, 41/26909 10. Flood Damages Assessment Methodology An important part of assessing flooding impact

More information

Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management Chapter 2 Integrated Pest Management In This Chapter Keywords After learning the information in this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 2. List and describe the 5

More information

A CONCEPT IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) OF FUNGAL LEAF DISEASES OF CEREALS AND SUGAR BEETS

A CONCEPT IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) OF FUNGAL LEAF DISEASES OF CEREALS AND SUGAR BEETS A CONCEPT IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) OF FUNGAL LEAF DISEASES OF CEREALS AND SUGAR BEETS AUTHORS: P.F.J. Wolf, H. Klink and J.-A. Verreet E-mail: javerreet@phytomed.uni-kiel.de (corresponding author);

More information

Kumulus FUNGICIDES. Active ingredient: sulphur...800 g / kg

Kumulus FUNGICIDES. Active ingredient: sulphur...800 g / kg Reg. No. L2404; N AR 0732 Act No. 36 of 1947 A water dispersible granular fungicide and acaricide for the control of powdery mildew, various other fungal diseases as well as certain mites and thrips on

More information

Cane BMP Monitoring, Evaluation, Data Collection and Reporting System

Cane BMP Monitoring, Evaluation, Data Collection and Reporting System Cane BMP Monitoring, Evaluation, Data Collection and Reporting System Introduction The Cane BMP Monitoring, Evaluation, Data Collection and Reporting System (MEDCAR) is designed to support the seven Smartcane

More information

Recreational vessel census June 2013

Recreational vessel census June 2013 Issued September 2013 Recreational vessel census June 2013 About This Publication This publication presents the results of a census taken of recreational vessels registered in Queensland on 30 June 2013.

More information

Excess mortality in Europe in the winter season 2014/15, in particular amongst the elderly.

Excess mortality in Europe in the winter season 2014/15, in particular amongst the elderly. Excess mortality in Europe in the winter season 2014/15, in particular amongst the elderly. An analysis of all-cause mortality from 15 European countries participating in the EuroMOMO network (www.euromomo.eu)

More information

BREEDING SOUNDNESS EVALUATION OF BULLS

BREEDING SOUNDNESS EVALUATION OF BULLS Proceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle November 12 and 13, 2005, Texas A&M University, College Station BREEDING SOUNDNESS EVALUATION OF BULLS Derry Magee Clinical Associate Professor

More information

Picture Tour: Dry Beans Diseases

Picture Tour: Dry Beans Diseases Picture Tour: Dry Beans Diseases Saginaw Valley Research and Extension Center agbioresearch.msu.edu 1 Images of: Blight Root rot White mold Common Mosaic virus Leaf spot Rust Anthracnose BLIGHT Common

More information

Coffee prices fall but Brazilian production estimated lower

Coffee prices fall but Brazilian production estimated lower Coffee prices fall but production estimated lower Coffee prices continued their decline as speculation over the current 2015/16 crop suggests that the market has no immediate supply concerns. Indeed, one

More information

NOAA to Provide Enhanced Frost Forecast Information to Improve Russian River Water Management

NOAA to Provide Enhanced Frost Forecast Information to Improve Russian River Water Management NOAA to Provide Enhanced Frost Forecast Information to Improve Russian River Water Management David W. Reynolds Meteorologist in Charge (Retired) National Weather Service Forecast Office San Francisco

More information

Use of Geographic Information Systems in late blight warning service in Germany. Kleinhenz, Zeuner, Jung, Martin, Röhrig, Endler

Use of Geographic Information Systems in late blight warning service in Germany. Kleinhenz, Zeuner, Jung, Martin, Röhrig, Endler Use of Geographic Information Systems in late blight warning service in Germany Kleinhenz, Zeuner, Jung, Martin, Röhrig, Endler Structure of ZEPP 14 Crop Protection Services of the German Federal States

More information

Investigation of the Use of Satellite Rainfall Observations in Improving Risk Assessment for Wheat Fusarium Head Blight

Investigation of the Use of Satellite Rainfall Observations in Improving Risk Assessment for Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Investigation of the Use of Satellite Rainfall Observations in Improving Risk Assessment for Wheat Fusarium Head Blight June 29, 2007 Candidate Solution Constituents a. Title: Investigation of the Use

More information

CRANBERRY ETNA. Etna is a cranberry bean with early maturity, high yield potential and a large seed size.

CRANBERRY ETNA. Etna is a cranberry bean with early maturity, high yield potential and a large seed size. SEMINIS DRY BEANS BLACK BEAN From black to pinto, the Seminis lineup has the beans you need to be competitive in the field and successful in the plant. Our breeders are dedicated to developing dry bean

More information

Enteric Septicemia of Catfish

Enteric Septicemia of Catfish Enteric Septicemia of Catfish Jesse Chappell Extension Fisheries Specialist Revised 2008 Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC) has become one of the two most significant diseases of economic significance

More information

BARRIERS TO WIDESPREAD CONVERSION FROM CHEMICAL PEST CONTROL TO NON-CHEMICAL METHODS IN U.S. AGRICULTURE

BARRIERS TO WIDESPREAD CONVERSION FROM CHEMICAL PEST CONTROL TO NON-CHEMICAL METHODS IN U.S. AGRICULTURE BARRIERS TO WIDESPREAD CONVERSION FROM CHEMICAL PEST CONTROL TO NON-CHEMICAL METHODS IN U.S. AGRICULTURE 1 Leonard Gianessi and 2 Nathan Reigner CropLife Foundation, Crop Protection Research Institute,

More information

Management of goats at pasture. Barry W Norton School of Land and Food, University of Queensland, Australia

Management of goats at pasture. Barry W Norton School of Land and Food, University of Queensland, Australia Management of goats at pasture Barry W Norton School of Land and Food, University of Queensland, Australia Introduction In Australian and most Asian production systems, goats are held continuously at pasture

More information

Web-based forecasting system of airborne livestock virus spread simulated by OpenFOAM CFD

Web-based forecasting system of airborne livestock virus spread simulated by OpenFOAM CFD Ref: C0439 Web-based forecasting system of airborne livestock virus spread simulated by OpenFOAM CFD Il-Hwan Seo, Center for Green Eco Engineering, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul

More information

The FAO-OIE-WHO. Collaboration. A Tripartite Concept Note

The FAO-OIE-WHO. Collaboration. A Tripartite Concept Note The FAO-OIE-WHO Collaboration Sharing responsibilities and coordinating global activities to address health risks at the animal-human-ecosystems interfaces A Tripartite Concept Note April 2010 Vision A

More information

Solar Input Data for PV Energy Modeling

Solar Input Data for PV Energy Modeling June 2012 Solar Input Data for PV Energy Modeling Marie Schnitzer, Christopher Thuman, Peter Johnson Albany New York, USA Barcelona Spain Bangalore India Company Snapshot Established in 1983; nearly 30

More information

Cytospora Canker. A Hard Nut to Crack. My current ongoing projects 1/23/2013. 30% of Cherry trees

Cytospora Canker. A Hard Nut to Crack. My current ongoing projects 1/23/2013. 30% of Cherry trees Cytospora Canker: A Hard Nut to Crack Ramesh Pokharel My research and extension program is aimed at > Solving practical fruit production problems > Increased producer profitability > Strengthening the

More information

Growing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations

Growing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations Growing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations Amy Iezzoni Dept. of Horticulture Michigan State University Jim Nugent District Horticulturist MSU Extension The fruit industry in Michigan has generations

More information

Date of Commencement: January, 2004 Duration: One Year Status: Ongoing. Objectives

Date of Commencement: January, 2004 Duration: One Year Status: Ongoing. Objectives Development of a computer based Health Management Information System (HMIS) in Rajasthan using Geographical Information System- R. C. Sharma, Vinod Joshi and Manju Singhi Date of Commencement: January,

More information

AgroClimate Decision Support System: From Web-based Solutions to Mobile Apps

AgroClimate Decision Support System: From Web-based Solutions to Mobile Apps AgroClimate Decision Support System: From Web-based Solutions to Mobile Apps C. W. Fraisse 1 J. H. Andreis 1 W. Pavan 2 University of Florida Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering Gainesville,

More information

Establishing a website to aid growers in harvesting and irrigation decisions: PeanutFARM

Establishing a website to aid growers in harvesting and irrigation decisions: PeanutFARM Establishing a website to aid growers in harvesting and irrigation decisions: PeanutFARM D.L. ROWLAND 1, J.A. FERRELL 1, J.M. BENNETT 1, D.A. DREW 1, B.C. COLVIN 1, and W.H. FAIRCLOTH 2 1 Agronomy Department,

More information

Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate, and the risks for public and animal health

Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate, and the risks for public and animal health Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate, and the risks for public and animal health Mare Lõhmus Climate centrum / SMS / KMF National Veterinary Institute Uppsala, Sweden The source of many

More information

Upscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest of economic importance i

Upscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest of economic importance i Technology Fact Sheet for Adaptation Upscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest of economic importance i Technology: Upscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest

More information

Rain on Planting Protection. Help Guide

Rain on Planting Protection. Help Guide Rain on Planting Protection Help Guide overview Rain on Planting Protection allows growers to protect themselves from losses if rain prevents planting from being completed on schedule. Coverage is highly

More information

MONITORING FUMIGATION EFFECTIVENESS USING BIOASSAYS OF MIXED AGED CULTURES OF TARGET PESTS

MONITORING FUMIGATION EFFECTIVENESS USING BIOASSAYS OF MIXED AGED CULTURES OF TARGET PESTS Donahaye, E.J., Navarro, S. and Leesch J.G. [Eds.] (2001) Proc. Int. Conf. Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Fresno, CA. 29 Oct. - 3 Nov. 2000, Executive Printing Services, Clovis,

More information

Chapter 8: Diseases. Rust

Chapter 8: Diseases. Rust Chapter 8: Diseases Historically, fusarium wilt and rust have been considered major limiting factors in flax production in Western Canada. However, these two diseases have been effectively managed by multigenic

More information

Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training

Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training Makerere University and Humidtropics collaboration Soybean Seed production Training of Kiboga-Kyankwanzi platform members in Soybean Seed Production

More information

2014 Request for Proposals

2014 Request for Proposals 1796 Front Street Lynden, WA 98264-1714 tel 360-354-8767 fax 360-354-0948 www.red-raspberry.org info@red-raspberry.org 2014 Request for Proposals Production Research Priorities for 2014 #1 priorities Develop

More information

Light in the Greenhouse: How Much is Enough?

Light in the Greenhouse: How Much is Enough? Light in the Greenhouse: How Much is Enough? by: James W. Brown http://www.cropking.com/articlelghe Most of us know that green plants need light for photosynthesis, growth, and development. As important

More information

MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT

MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT March 2013 Coffee prices stabilized in March 2013, with the monthly average of the ICO composite indicator price essentially unchanged on the previous month. Contrasting

More information

Guidelines for Minimum Standards Property Management Planning. Financial Management Module

Guidelines for Minimum Standards Property Management Planning. Financial Management Module Guidelines for Minimum Standards Property Management Planning Financial Management Module June 2011 June 2011 Acknowledgements All stakeholders who contributed to the development of the Financial Management

More information

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere

More information

Chilli - Long Red Cayenne, Long Slim Cayenne, P2391, Serano, Skyline 3, Star 6601, Thai chili, Thai Dragon.

Chilli - Long Red Cayenne, Long Slim Cayenne, P2391, Serano, Skyline 3, Star 6601, Thai chili, Thai Dragon. CAPSICUMS Hot pepper (chilli), sweet pepper and paprika. CLIMATE These crops require warmer conditions than tomatoes, and are more sensitive to cold and frost. The optimum mean temperatures for growth,

More information

World Water and Climate Atlas

World Water and Climate Atlas International Water Management Institute World Water and Climate Atlas Direct access to water and climate data improves agricultural planning The IWMI World Water and Climate Atlas provides rapid access

More information

Chapter 20: Analysis of Surveillance Data

Chapter 20: Analysis of Surveillance Data Analysis of Surveillance Data: Chapter 20-1 Chapter 20: Analysis of Surveillance Data Sandra W. Roush, MT, MPH I. Background Ongoing analysis of surveillance data is important for detecting outbreaks and

More information

Regulatory Measures for Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) Management in Kenya

Regulatory Measures for Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) Management in Kenya Regulatory Measures for Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) Management in Kenya James Onsando (PhD) Managing Director Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) www.kephis.org Operations at KEPHIS

More information

Practical Exercise on PC. Create Climate files Daily time step. Solution of the exercise

Practical Exercise on PC. Create Climate files Daily time step. Solution of the exercise Practical Exercise on PC Create Climate files Daily time step B Solution of the exercise Legend Red flash indicates buttons to click Red frame Green frame indicates data to input indicates output data

More information

Agro-Met Advisories- Helping Farmers Stay Ahead in the Weather Game : Experiences from the Field

Agro-Met Advisories- Helping Farmers Stay Ahead in the Weather Game : Experiences from the Field Agro-Met Advisories- Helping Farmers Stay Ahead in the Weather Game : Experiences from the Field Change Climate The Context Market Forces Depleted Natural Resources Fractured Vulnerable Communities The

More information

NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network: Quality Assurance Procedures

NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network: Quality Assurance Procedures NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network: Quality Assurance Procedures Copyright State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment

More information

GROWTH AND,QUALITY OF FOUR SUGARCANE VARIETIES INFLUENCED AGE AND SEASON

GROWTH AND,QUALITY OF FOUR SUGARCANE VARIETIES INFLUENCED AGE AND SEASON 82 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association -June 1976 GROWTH AND,QUALTY OF FOUR SUGARCANE VARETES NFLUENCED AGE AND SEASON By J. E. LONSDALE and J. M. GOSNELL* Rhodesia Sugar

More information

How much more electricity do we use in a heatwave?

How much more electricity do we use in a heatwave? January 2015 Heatwaves and electricity supply Heatwaves in Australia normally lead to significant increases in electricity demand. The main reason for this is the increased use of air conditioners over

More information

Custard apple information kit

Custard apple information kit information kit Reprint information current in 1998 REPRINT INFORMATION PLEASE READ! For updated information please call 13 25 23 or visit the website www.deedi.qld.gov.au This publication has been reprinted

More information

Solar Performance Mapping and Operational Yield Forecasting

Solar Performance Mapping and Operational Yield Forecasting Solar Performance Mapping and Operational Yield Forecasting Supported by Innovate UK Crown copyright Met Office The thing is that Project Overview A collaborative project led by the BRE National Solar

More information

Nativo 75WG is recommended for control of a wide range of diseases on Brussels sprouts, cabbage, broccoli/calabrese, cauliflower, carrots and leeks.

Nativo 75WG is recommended for control of a wide range of diseases on Brussels sprouts, cabbage, broccoli/calabrese, cauliflower, carrots and leeks. Contains CoNTROLS A water dispersible granule formulation containing 250 g/kg (25.0% w/w) trifloxystrobin and 500 g/kg (50.0% w/w) tebuconazole. A broad spectrum systemic fungicide with protectant and

More information

EXPLANATION OF WEATHER ELEMENTS AND VARIABLES FOR THE DAVIS VANTAGE PRO 2 MIDSTREAM WEATHER STATION

EXPLANATION OF WEATHER ELEMENTS AND VARIABLES FOR THE DAVIS VANTAGE PRO 2 MIDSTREAM WEATHER STATION EXPLANATION OF WEATHER ELEMENTS AND VARIABLES FOR THE DAVIS VANTAGE PRO 2 MIDSTREAM WEATHER STATION The Weather Envoy consists of two parts: the Davis Vantage Pro 2 Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS) and the

More information

Tomato Disease Management in Greenhouses

Tomato Disease Management in Greenhouses Purdue Extension publication BP-197-W University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension publication ID-233 Vegetable Diseases Tomato Disease Management in Greenhouses Photos by the authors Authors Daniel S.

More information

Preliminary advances in Climate Risk Management in China Meteorological Administration

Preliminary advances in Climate Risk Management in China Meteorological Administration Preliminary advances in Climate Risk Management in China Meteorological Administration Gao Ge Guayaquil,Ecuador, Oct.2011 Contents China Framework of Climate Service Experience in Climate/disaster risk

More information

Early Season Fungicide Applications. Document Classification: PUBLIC

Early Season Fungicide Applications. Document Classification: PUBLIC Early Season Fungicide Applications Controlling Dollar Spot Dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa) is becoming an increasingly troublesome disease to control. Several key factors and changes in golf course

More information

Influence of Cotton Breeding on Yield and Fiber Quality Problems

Influence of Cotton Breeding on Yield and Fiber Quality Problems Influence of Cotton Breeding on Yield and Fiber Quality Problems W. R. Meredith, Jr. USDA-ARS-CGP Stoneville, MS Over the years, we ve heard of various states or areas having specific fiber quality problems.

More information

FINAL REPORT (PROJECT BA 11013) Value of the Australian Banana Industry. to Local and National Economies

FINAL REPORT (PROJECT BA 11013) Value of the Australian Banana Industry. to Local and National Economies 1 (PROJECT BA 11013) Value of the Australian Banana Industry to Local and National Economies FINAL REPORT Prepared by Howard Hall and Joan Gleeson CDI PINNACLE MANAGEMENT Pty Ltd 11 April 2013 2 Project

More information

NQF Level: 2 US No: 116119

NQF Level: 2 US No: 116119 NQF Level: 2 US No: 116119 Assessment Guide Primary Agriculture Plant Propagation Assessor:.......................................... Workplace / Company:................................. Commodity:...................

More information

1. Title Management of fruit fly problems in the South Pacific Region

1. Title Management of fruit fly problems in the South Pacific Region A. SUMMARY 1. Title Management of fruit fly problems in the South Pacific Region 2. Duration 1986-1994 (Southeast Asia) 1991-present (Pacific region) 3. Objectives All countries in Southeast Asia and the

More information

FEAT Regional Scenarios

FEAT Regional Scenarios FEAT Regional Scenarios Major Parameter Information Sheet 2013? 2013 State of Queensland, 2013. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The

More information

Bacterial Diseases of Tomato: 2012

Bacterial Diseases of Tomato: 2012 Bacterial Diseases of Tomato: 2012 Bacterial diseases of tomato Bacterial speck Bacterial spot Bacterial canker Bacterial diseases of tomato Bacterial speck- causes lesions on leaves, stems and fruit.

More information

EVALUATING SOLAR ENERGY PLANTS TO SUPPORT INVESTMENT DECISIONS

EVALUATING SOLAR ENERGY PLANTS TO SUPPORT INVESTMENT DECISIONS EVALUATING SOLAR ENERGY PLANTS TO SUPPORT INVESTMENT DECISIONS Author Marie Schnitzer Director of Solar Services Published for AWS Truewind October 2009 Republished for AWS Truepower: AWS Truepower, LLC

More information

User Perspectives on Project Feasibility Data

User Perspectives on Project Feasibility Data User Perspectives on Project Feasibility Data Marcel Šúri Tomáš Cebecauer GeoModel Solar s.r.o., Bratislava, Slovakia marcel.suri@geomodel.eu http://geomodelsolar.eu http://solargis.info Solar Resources

More information

Submission to the Queensland Competition Authority. Regulated Retail Electricity Prices 2013-14 Transitional Issues & Cost Components and Other Issues

Submission to the Queensland Competition Authority. Regulated Retail Electricity Prices 2013-14 Transitional Issues & Cost Components and Other Issues Submission to the Queensland Competition Authority Transitional Issues & Cost Components and Other Issues January 2013 Queensland Farmers Federation Ltd. A.C.N. 055 764 488 A.B.N. 44 055 764 488 PO Box

More information

Microclimate and Energy Consumption in Commercial, Hot-Water and Steam Heated Greenhouses for Tomato Production

Microclimate and Energy Consumption in Commercial, Hot-Water and Steam Heated Greenhouses for Tomato Production Microclimate and Energy Consumption in Commercial, -Water and Heated Greenhouses for Tomato Production Xiuming Hao, Tom Jewett and Jingming Zheng Shalin Khosla Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ontario

More information

Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas

Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas r r r rr EDUCATION RESEARCH EXTENSION The Texas A&M University System Soil & Crop Sciences Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas Mr Charles Stichler Assocaite Professor and Extension Agronomist

More information

An Automated Weather Database System

An Automated Weather Database System An Automated Weather Database System F. Zhou, D.J. Smith and S. Khan CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra Technical Report 19/02, May 2002 CSIRO LAND and WATER An Automated Weather Database System F. Zhou, D.J.

More information

Empirical study of the temporal variation of a tropical surface temperature on hourly time integration

Empirical study of the temporal variation of a tropical surface temperature on hourly time integration Global Advanced Research Journal of Physical and Applied Sciences Vol. 4 (1) pp. 051-056, September, 2015 Available online http://www.garj.org/garjpas/index.htm Copyright 2015 Global Advanced Research

More information

How can information technology play a role in primary industries climate resilience?

How can information technology play a role in primary industries climate resilience? Manage Data. Harvest Information. How can information technology play a role in primary industries climate resilience? CHALLENGES FOR WORLD AGRICULTURE 9 Billion people on earth by 2040 Up to 40% of food

More information

Keywords Mulesing, cost-benefit. Introduction. Materials and methods

Keywords Mulesing, cost-benefit. Introduction. Materials and methods A benefit-cost analysis of the mules operation to the Australian sheep flock D. Counsell The Mackinnon Project, University of Melbourne Veterinary School, 250 Princess Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030. Summary

More information

The economics of sugar mill waste management in the Australian Sugar Industry: Mill mud case study

The economics of sugar mill waste management in the Australian Sugar Industry: Mill mud case study The economics of sugar mill waste management in the Australian Sugar Industry: Mill mud case study M.E. Qureshi 1, M.K. Wegener 1,2 and T. Mallawaarachchi 1 1 CRC Sustainable Sugar Production, James Cook

More information

4.0 Discuss some effects of disturbances on the forest.

4.0 Discuss some effects of disturbances on the forest. 4.0 Discuss some effects of disturbances on the forest. 4.1 Describe common disturbances that occur in the Boreal forest. Disturbances are normal to the life of the forest. Forests are very resilient (able

More information

UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED. Disaster Management Plan September 2013. Prepared by Townsville Airport Pty Ltd

UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED. Disaster Management Plan September 2013. Prepared by Townsville Airport Pty Ltd Prepared by Townsville Airport Pty Ltd Acknowledgments This has been prepared in close consultation with the Townsville Aviation community. Townsville Airport Pty Ltd gratefully acknowledges the co operation

More information

The Independent Review and Scientific Investigation Panel

The Independent Review and Scientific Investigation Panel Breast cancer cluster, ABC Toowong Queensland First progress report of the independent Review and Scientific Investigation Panel: Outline of proposed approach to its task Background Female staff members

More information

Leveraging the (re)insurance sector for financing integrated drought management practices

Leveraging the (re)insurance sector for financing integrated drought management practices Leveraging the (re)insurance sector for financing integrated drought management practices Roger Stone, University of Southern Queensland, Australia. World Meteorological Organisation, Commission for Agricultural

More information

Biology, Epidemiology, and Control of Powdery Mildew: Use of the UC Davis Powdery Mildew Risk Index

Biology, Epidemiology, and Control of Powdery Mildew: Use of the UC Davis Powdery Mildew Risk Index Sonoma County Grape Day February 15, 2012 Biology, Epidemiology, and Control of Powdery Mildew: Use of the UC Davis Powdery Mildew Risk Index W. D. Gubler, Department of Plant Pathology, University of

More information

Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling

Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER To explain how to plan and schedule your irrigation program CHAPTER CONTENTS factors affecting irrigation intervals influence of soil water using

More information

ED 2157/13. 13 May 2013 Original: English. Report on the outbreak of coffee leaf rust in Central America and Action Plan to combat the pest

ED 2157/13. 13 May 2013 Original: English. Report on the outbreak of coffee leaf rust in Central America and Action Plan to combat the pest ED 2157/13 13 May 2013 Original: English E Report on the outbreak of coffee leaf rust in Central America and Action Plan to combat the pest The Executive Director presents his compliments and following

More information

PRECISION TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES FOR A COMPLETE SOLUTION

PRECISION TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES FOR A COMPLETE SOLUTION PRECISION TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES FOR A COMPLETE SOLUTION In our ever-changing economy and environment, farmers are faced with the demanding challenge of feeding the world s growing population. Faced

More information

Performance ratio. Contents. Quality factor for the PV plant

Performance ratio. Contents. Quality factor for the PV plant Performance ratio Quality factor for the PV plant Contents The performance ratio is one of the most important variables for evaluating the efficiency of a PV plant. Specifically, the performance ratio

More information

HPC and Big Data technologies for agricultural information and sensor systems

HPC and Big Data technologies for agricultural information and sensor systems HPC and Big Data technologies for agricultural information and sensor systems Dr. Gábor ÉLŐ, associate professor Péter SZÁRMES, doctoral student Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary Contents Modern

More information

Climate Change and Infrastructure Planning Ahead

Climate Change and Infrastructure Planning Ahead Climate Change and Infrastructure Planning Ahead Climate Change and Infrastructure Planning Ahead Infrastructure the physical facilities that support our society, such as buildings, roads, railways, ports

More information

Deficit Rainfall Insurance Payouts in Most Vulnerable Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu, India

Deficit Rainfall Insurance Payouts in Most Vulnerable Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu, India Deficit Rainfall Insurance Payouts in Most Vulnerable Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu, India S.Senthilnathan, K.Palanisami, C.R.Ranganathan and Chieko Umetsu 2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore,

More information

AGFACTS. Strawberry disease control guide MAJOR DISEASES OF STRAWBERRIES

AGFACTS. Strawberry disease control guide MAJOR DISEASES OF STRAWBERRIES AGFACTS AGFACTS AGFACTS www.agric.nsw.gov.au Strawberry disease control guide Agfact H3.3.1 third edition, May 2004 Lawrence Ullio, District Horticulturist Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Camden

More information

Remote Sensing Applications for Precision Agriculture

Remote Sensing Applications for Precision Agriculture Remote Sensing Applications for Precision Agriculture Farm Progress Show Chris J. Johannsen, Paul G. Carter and Larry L. Biehl Department of Agronomy and Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing (LARS)

More information

Soybean Marketing & Production College, Minneapolis, MN. isafarmnet.com

Soybean Marketing & Production College, Minneapolis, MN. isafarmnet.com Soybean Marketing & Production College, Minneapolis, MN Peter Kyveryga, Ph.D. Operations Manager of Analytics On-Farm Network, Iowa Soybean Association Technical Editor-Precision Agriculture of the Agronomy

More information

IHARF Box 156 Indian Head, SK. S0G 2K0 Ph: (306) 695-4200 www.iharf.ca

IHARF Box 156 Indian Head, SK. S0G 2K0 Ph: (306) 695-4200 www.iharf.ca Field-Scale Fungicide Trial Summary IHARF Box 156 Indian Head, SK. S0G 2K0 Ph: (306) 695-4200 www.iharf.ca Introduction and Methodology Each year, IHARF manages land not being utilized for small plot research

More information

TESCO NURTURE SCHEME. The Standard. Version known as TN 10

TESCO NURTURE SCHEME. The Standard. Version known as TN 10 TESCO NURTURE SCHEME The Version known as TN 10 Issued January 2010 Tesco NURTURE TN10 Contents: : TN 10 Ch 1. Rational use of Plant Protection Products Plant Protection - Documentation Plant Protection

More information

EFFECT OF COLD STORAGE ON SOME FLORIDA AVOCADOS

EFFECT OF COLD STORAGE ON SOME FLORIDA AVOCADOS Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 65:180-186. 1952. EFFECT OF COLD STORAGE ON SOME FLORIDA AVOCADOS Margaret J. Mustard Division of Research and Industry University of Miami Coral Gables The increased emphasis

More information

MONITORING OF DROUGHT ON THE CHMI WEBSITE

MONITORING OF DROUGHT ON THE CHMI WEBSITE MONITORING OF DROUGHT ON THE CHMI WEBSITE Richterová D. 1, 2, Kohut M. 3 1 Department of Applied and Land scape Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech

More information

WEATHER STATION FOR SOLAR FARM MONITORING

WEATHER STATION FOR SOLAR FARM MONITORING WEATHER STATION FOR SOLAR FARM MONITORING SOLAR FARM MONITORING SYSTEM: Measures global, horizontal, & background irradiance. Measures wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, and relative humidity.

More information

Web Portal Step by Step

Web Portal Step by Step Web Portal Step by Step Topics Getting Started The Dashboard General Information Weather Data Widgets Charting Settings Setting Up My Web Bridge Sharing My Weather Viewing A Friends Weather Weather Select

More information

Practical Uses of Crop Monitoring for Arizona Cotton

Practical Uses of Crop Monitoring for Arizona Cotton Practical Uses of Crop Monitoring for Arizona Cotton J. C. Silvertooth The use of crop monitoring and plant mapping has received a considerable amount of attention in the cotton production arena in recent

More information

THIRTY-SEVENTH CONFERENCE. By B. E. HITCHCOCK Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Mackay

THIRTY-SEVENTH CONFERENCE. By B. E. HITCHCOCK Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Mackay THIRTY-SEVENTH CONFERENCE THE SOLDIER ELY PEST By B. E. HITCHCOCK Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Mackay Introduction In Queensland the soldier fly Altermetoponia rubriceps (Macquart) (Family Stratiomyiidae)

More information