Chapter 3. Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

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1 Chapter 3 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

2 What type of compound is it? Ionic Compound Covalent (Nonionic) Compound Acid Cation with fixed charge Cation with variable charge Binary Acid Oxy Acid Binary Contains polyatomic ion Binary Contains polyatomic ion

3 What type of pure substance is it? Aluminum, Al Chlorine, Cl2 Aluminum chloride, AlCl3 Iron (II) chloride, FeCl2 Sodium Phosphate, Na3PO4 Tin (IV) Chloride SnCl4 Carbon monoxide, CO Carbon dioxide, CO2 Hydrochloric Acid, HCl Perchloric Acid, HClO4 atomic element molecular element ionic compound ionic compound ionic compound ionic compound molecular compound molecular compound binary acid oxy acid

4 Binary Ionic Compounds

5 Naming Metal Cations Some metals have one possible charge Groups 1A 1+ & 2A 2+, Al 3+, Ag 1+, Zn 2+, Sc 3+ cation name = metal name

6 Naming Metal Cations Metals with Variable Charges metals whose ions can have more than one possible charge Determine charge by charge on anion and cation cation name = metal name with Roman numeral charge in parentheses

7 Practice Name the following compounds 1. KCl 2. MgBr2 3. Al2S3 potassium chloride magnesium bromide aluminum sulfide

8 Name the following compounds 1 CuF2 Charge on Cation? Cu= 2+ copper (II) fluoride 2. TiCl4 3. PbBr2 4. CrO3 5. Fe3N2 6. Fe2S3 Ti = 4+ Pb = 2+ Cr = 6+ Fe = 2+ Fe= 3+ titanium (IV) chloride lead (II) bromide chromium (VI) oxide iron (II) nitride iron (III) sulfide

9 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are single ions that contain more than one atom. Often identified by parentheses around ion in formula Name and charge of polyatomic ion do not change Name any ionic compound by naming cation first and then anion

10 Periodic Pattern of Polyatomic Ions -ate groups

11 Some Common Polyatomic Ions

12 Name the Following Compounds 1. Na2SO4 2. Fe(NO3)3 3. NH4Cl 4. Ca(C2H3O2)2 5. Cu(NO3)2 sodium sulfate iron (III)nitrate ammonium chloride calcium acetate copper(ii) nitrate SO4 2-, sulfate; NO3 -, nitrate; NH4 +, ammonium; (C2H3O2) -, acetate;

13 Writing formula for ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions Aluminum sulfate Iron (III) phosphate Chromium (II) hydrogen carbonate Al2(SO4)3 FePO4 Cr(HCO3)2 SO4 2-, sulfate; PO4 3-, phosphate; (HCO3) -, hydrogen carbonate;

14 Hydrates Hydrates are ionic compounds containing a specific number of waters for each formula unit. In formula, attached waters indicated CoCl2 6H2O or CoCl2(H2O)6 In name, attached waters indicated by prefix+hydrate after name of ionic compound: CoCl2 6H2O cobalt(ii) chloride hexahydrate CaSO4 ½H2O calcium sulfate hemihydrate

15 Writing Names of Binary Molecular Compounds of Two Nonmetals 1.! Write name of first element in formula a) element furthest left and down on the Periodic Table b) use the full name of the element 2.! Writes name the second element in the formula with an -ide suffix, as if it were an anion, however, remember these compounds do not contain ions! 3.! Use a prefix in front of each name to indicate the number of atoms (Never use the prefix mono- on the first element)

16 Formulas > Names BF3 NO2 PCl5 boron trifluoride nitrogen dioxide phosphorous pentafluoride I2F7 diiodine heptafluoride

17 Name > Formula dinitrogen pentoxide dinitrogen tetroxide sulfur hexafluoride diarsenic trisulfide N2O5 N2O4 SF6 As2S3

18 Acids Acids are molecular compounds that form H + when dissolved in water. (aq) is often written after the formula Sour taste Dissolve many metals such as Zn, Fe, Mg; but not Au, Ag, Pt Formula generally starts with H e.g., HCl, H2SO4

19 Acids

20 Naming Binary Acids Write a hydro prefix Follow with the nonmetal name Change ending on nonmetal name to ic Write the word acid at the end of the name HCl HF HI hydrochloric acid hydrofluoric acid hydroiodic acid

21 Naming Oxyacids If polyatomic ion name ends in ate, then change ending to ic suffix If polyatomic ion name ends in ite, then change ending to ous suffix Write word acid at end of all names

22 H2SO4(aq) sulfuric acid SO4 2 = sulfate H2SO3(aq) sulfurous acid SO3 2 = sulfite

23 Formula > Name H2S HClO3 HNO2 hydrosulfuric acid chloric acid nitrous acid ClO3 -, chlorate; NO2 -, nitrite

24 Name > Formula chlorous acid phosphoric acid hydrobromic acid HClO2 H3PO4 HBr ClO2 -, chlorite; PO4 3-, phosphate;

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