Agriculture and irrigation management

Transcription

1 Agriculture and irrigation management First Gfg² Consultation Workshop - Oslo October 13th 2011 Dr. Jean-François Berthoumieu AGRALIS Services Aérodrome Agen Le Passage France Tel jfberthoumieu@agralis.fr

2 I come from here AGEN And we work mainly all over the French speaking zone, including North Africa

3 Agralis was born in 2003 Owned by an Association of Farmers, started in 1959, for fighting against climatic scourges such as frost, hail and drought : ACMG, an applied research center for fruits and vegetables Aimed to sell services and products previously tested by ACMG Resting on expertise built up in agro meteorology, irrigation management, hydrology, ecology and atmospheric sciences!

4 Applied research on climate mitigations - hail, since rain, since frost since 1959 Specializing in irrigation management and research on precise irrigation and remote sensing Applied research in water storage and water management since 1994.

5 With a long experience in irrigation monitoring Appui Technique ans aux Irrigants En Moyenne-Garonne

6 Cliquer ici

7 De seulement 360 à plus de 1300 mm par an à Agen Précipitations annuelles à Agen, années agricoles à Cumul annuel à 1314 mm Moy 119 ans mm 1000 Ecart Type mm Normale Lissée 1977 Hauteur des précipitations en mm Années Agricoles Avec des conséquences sociales, économiques et Climate changes are helping us. environnementales lors de chaque sécheresse

8 Températures en c Historique des températures Années agricoles à maximal + 2 C in ¼ of a century Normale Mini Normale Jour Normale Maxi Normale Lissée Station Agen While temperature rises, water demand increases T Mini sous abri T Moyenne sous abri T Maxi sous abri

9 But we have to prove that irrigation is clean and sustainable as some people are against it in principle The idea is to show them that well irrigated fields are cooler than bare soils or cities Therefore irrigation using stored water during the rainy season, allows us to adapt to the climatic change if you put irrigated fields upwind

10 WaterWatch / HJ 2011 A town is generally hotter Spring in Agen and around Grey : 26/29 C Red : 36/39 C Summer in Agen

11 What happens to the rain Évapotranspiration 12% over a town 100% Precipitation Runoff 78% Water Table 10% Over a well irrigated field 65% of the water evapotranspires through the leaves

12 Better links between cities and farmers, for a more efficient storage of water and better management of that water Already done during the Roman Empire

13 It means Seeding thoughts in any place where decision makers are, Showing an interest in better tools for managing the water resource Using digital data for sending on the net and making the data available and secure for everyone Exploring different fields including those of researchers

14 11/07/2011 A 12 H Lien Micro Climatique entre Ville et Campagne! Cette parcelle est juste au Sud-Est d Agen

15 Corn field 11/07/

16 Et voici sa courbe de variation de la réserve du sol 16

17 Finished in November 2008 CIREA IRTA

18 Irrigation management The tools of ACMG and partners Every week in continue SENTEK GSM GPRS Gravimetric Diviner 2000 EnviroScan EasyAG

19 Units of sensor output Vertical measurement influence 10 cm = 100 mm Data from each sensor is expressed as millimetres water per 10 cm soil mm water / 100 mm soil moisture with capacitance sensors

20 6.5 mm Start Water loss from profile due to evapotranspiration and drainage is visible directly in mm Duration 9 hours End

21 Temporary slow down of daily crop water use and growth caused by water logging after too much irrigation.

22 Stress by lack of air Drinking speed of the plant Onset of Water Stress

23 Using up-to-date technologies for retrieving data, analyzing and transferring to the fields assessments and training. Gsm Gprs 6,7 mm/j

24 Going back to the roots! Here in Agadir Morocco on orange trees Explaining the importance of the exchanger soil/plant

25 With farmers and politics in meetings Here in Agen with 280 persons

26 With researchers, for example during two big programs we have led PRECIRIEG see at TELERIEG see at From Spain, Portugal, France and Netherlands

27 Soil heterogeneity is taken into account

28 We started with hazelnut producers There are about 80 fields used as references in a cooperative

29 Then prune producers of Pruneau d Agen (dried prunes) and researchers Overproduction and doubts about the future are now killing the market A Research for a more sustainable production is starting, allowing to meet other researchers and consultants

30 Then on Apples A producer confirmed Monday that he saved 50% of the water

31 Then the kiwi fruits where we use TriScan for water and salinity

32 Applying Nitrogen Important to compare at two levels, near field capacity and at refill point

33 Peaches trees Objective to produce high quality fruits with high production level Purchased for the marketing and finally changing mode of irrigation Client still alive and willing to continue after a crisis killed the best producers in 2009 and maybe again in 2011

34 Walnut Like Kiwi the specie Lara does not close stomata and it does not accept any stress

35 The market is on the brink to start, we have worked already 5 years with not much clients, just showing and testing Wine in the South and in Champagne

36 In Champagne for better understanding the influence of climate on quality

37 Beginning with winter cereals Next step is fertilization monitoring, including remote sensing A huge potential as the prices of cereals are high

38 As we do with the EPI CENTRE for corn in the center of France

39 And with popcorn too! 3000 Ha with 30 probes and 60 next year

40 Consulting through internet

41 Curves renewed everyday, Consulting once or twice a week

42 Also for fertilizers

43 Or potatoes in the Beauce

44 But the farmer domain is not secure enough We have decided in 2008 to try toward the city

45 On a tram in Marseille With the Diviner

46 Or in Hyères, near Cannes

47 But today we measure only over 4000 reference places equipped with point sensors And it is expensive and time consuming to install probes everywhere! Therefore we are trying to reveal the potential of remote sensing tools in order to extend the principles of precise irrigation advice over larger irrigated areas

48 Nine partners

49 PROGRAM TELERIEG To continue using PRECIRIEG principles for irrigation consulting with ETP forecast using EnviroScans or EasyAgs plus Diviners To test SEBAL with WaterWatch from Nederland (Wim Bastiaanssen ) over some of these fields

50 Remote Sensing Sun Satellite Two sources of radiation: Solar radiation visible near infrared short-wave infrared Earth Surface thermal infrared For more details see presentations of Wim Bastiaanssen

51 First tests

52 Calcul de l évapotranspiration (1) Formule principale est celle du bilan d énergie global : ET24 estimée à partir de E (flux de chaleur latente) Utilisation d images visibles et thermiques (NDVI, T de surface) Données météorologiques indispensables Carte de l ET24 sur une exploitation de vergers Image DMC du 21 aout 2011 mm/j

53 Eté 2011: image DMC du 12 août Exploitatio n de vergers de pommes et de kiwis Sol : limoneux, plaine de Garonne T C air du jour : 25 C Enherbement des kiwis au passage du satellite

54 Daily MODIS temperature images 1 June to 31 August 2010 But only 1 out of 3 days was cloud free in 2010 and we did not get good pictures in 2011!

55 Summer 2010: Rappel Only 3 Landsat pictures available in 2010 and only one at the right time 24 mai juillet août 2010 We need thermal satellites in Europe!

56 Summer 2011: Bilan 3 pictures of DMC / Modis 11 juillet aout aout Landsat 5 picture but received too late : 30 July 2011

57 We need to contour the problem of clouds! Having more thermal satellites like Landsat? Using airborne platform, radar? or maybe with GPS?

58 MERCI