Lesson plan for A GROWING NATION

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1 Lesson plan for A GROWING NATION

2 Introduction This lesson is about how people come to America. The lesson will help students see that their personal stories are part of American history by comparing their experiences with those of immigrants in the past. You will lead the class through the eight questions from the naturalization test related to A Growing Nation. The class will learn more about immigration throughout American history by seeing objects and images from some of the places immigrants have entered the United States. Then, students can share their own stories of immigration. Objectives The student will be better able to Recall the answers to the eight questions from the naturalization test in the A Growing Nation theme. Identify different immigrant gateways throughout American history. USCIS Questions In the A Growing Nation theme: 59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? 87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. 58. What is one reason colonists came to America? 64. There were 13 original states. Name three. 60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves? 71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? 72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. 95. Where is the Statue of Liberty? Time Theme: 25 minutes PowerPoint and Discussion: 30 minutes Materials Internet connectivity EITHER classroom projector OR enough computers for students to use as individuals or small groups Preparing for the Oath website, A Growing Nation theme ( Immigrant Gateways PowerPoint ( Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 2

3 Challenge Words You can find all of the bold words in the vignettes in the word list ( Listed below are some of those words that will come up often during the lesson. Citizen/Citizens: someone who has the legal right to live, work, and vote in the United States Colonists: people who lived in one of the 13 original British colonies before the United States became independent in Colonial: relating to a country or geographic area controlled by another country. Colony/Colonies: a country or geographic area controlled by another country Doubled: to increase in size by two. 5 miles doubled is 10 miles; 2 miles doubled is 4 miles. Economic opportunity: the chance to make more money, usually in business Enslaved: made a slave; enslaved is the past tense form of enslave Expand: to grow, become larger Forced: to make someone do something, even if they do not want to Independent/Independence: not controlled by another person or country Political Liberty: the right to participate in the government Settler/Settlers: a person who moves to a new country or region where few people have been before Slaves/Slavery: people that are owned by other people and are forced to work without pay Statue: an object that looks like a person or animal, and is made of stone, metal, or other material Symbol: something that is used to represent an idea or organization Tribe/Tribes: a group of people who have the same beliefs, customs, or language Teacher Tech Tips To learn how to use Preparing for the Oath, visit the help page at Depending on your students proficiency level, you might want to offer a transcript of the narration for students to read along while watching and listening, or to have as a reference. You can find printable transcripts at You may notice that the web address never changes as you navigate through Preparing for the Oath. In order to go directly to a specific theme or question on the site, you can find a list of links at These links may be useful for using your browser s bookmark tool or assigning student work. The link to go directly to the A Growing Nation theme is Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 3

4 Some learning environments will be conducive to the sound features, while others will not. It is always possible to turn on and off the website s audio feature by clicking on this symbol: However, please keep in mind that the test itself is spoken aloud. Students will need to be comfortable responding to spoken questions, and be able to respond orally. Don t feel tied down by the structure of the themes. Once you are inside a theme, the image tiles along the bottom represent the individual questions within that theme. You may click on the tiles out of order to view the questions as you choose. Similarly, you may jump around the three modes within each question: Learn, Practice, and Try. Procedure 1. Lead the class through the A Growing Nation theme, as presented on the Preparing for the Oath website ( 2. Show the class the Immigration Gateways PowerPoint ( using the attached notes as guidelines for narration. 3. Discussion Questions: a. What did the immigration gateways have in common? b. What was different about the immigration gateways? c. Where and how did you enter the United States? (Please remember that personal questions are always optional.) d. What did you bring with you when you entered the United States? e. What was the first thing you saw when you arrived in the United States? Learn More Links Smithsonian s History Explorer ( Your gateway to innovative online resources for teaching and learning American history, designed and developed by the National Museum of American History. Pilgrim Hall Musuem ( Pilgrim Hall Museum has an unmatched collection of Pilgrim possessions. It preserves and fosters the story of the settlement of Plymouth Colony. Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 4

5 The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc ( The foundation preserves both the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island in New York Harbor. It works to promote knowledge of the Island, the Statue, and immigration history in general. Angel Island Association ( Angel Island Association is a non-profit organization working to facilitate the preservation, restoration and interpretation of historical and natural resources on the island. Bittersweet Harvest: The Bracero Program ( This online exhibition accompanies Bittersweet Harvest exhibition at the National Museum of American History. Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 5

6 Background Information Plymouth Colony Pilgrims were an English separatist religious group that wanted to purify the Church of England. These Puritans were persecuted for their religious beliefs. They moved first to Holland and then to a colony in Massachusetts in the United States. The first ship that made the journey to Plymouth Colony was the Mayflower. The Mayflower was a sizable cargo ship, around 100 feet in length. With 102 passengers plus crew, each family was allotted very little space. Most items brought on the Mayflower were practical. The Pilgrims probably relied on the advice in "Provisions lists" written by earlier settlers to Virginia. These lists gave the amount of clothing, tools, household implements and food that each colonist needed to survive for a year in America. The Mayflower reached Cape Cod in November of It anchored in today s Provincetown Harbor. Ellis Island From 1892 to 1954, over twelve million immigrants entered the United States through the portal of Ellis Island, a small island in New York Harbor. Ellis Island is located in the upper bay just off the New Jersey coast, within the shadow of the Statue of Liberty. By the 1880's, steam power had shortened the journey to America dramatically. Immigrants poured in from around the world: from the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and down from Canada. In the 1880s alone, 9% of the total population of Norway emigrated to America. After 1892 nearly all immigrants came in through the newly opened Ellis Island. One immigrant recalled arriving at Ellis Island: "The boat anchored at mid-bay and then they tendered us on the ship to Ellis Island We got off the boat you got your bag in your hand and went right into the building. Ah, that day must have been about five to six thousand people. Jammed, I remember it was August. Hot as a pistol, and I'm wearing my long johns, and my heavy Irish tweed suit." Families often immigrated together during this era, although young men frequently came first to find work. Some of these then sent for their wives, children, and siblings; others returned to their families in Europe with their saved wages. Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 6

7 Angel Island Angel Island was an immigration station near San Francisco, California. Starting in the late 1800s, politicians enacted legislation that made it difficult for foreigners, especially Asians, to enter the country, attain citizenship, own property or compete in business. The only exception to this law was if an immigrant had a husband or a father who was a U.S. citizen. Because of the exclusionary laws directed at them, some Chinese immigrants adopted false identities, and became known as paper sons and paper daughters. All Chinese immigrants were considered suspect and had to prove their identity by matching answers about their lives in detail with those of their relatives in the United States. Interrogations could take a long time to complete, especially if witnesses for the immigrants lived in the eastern part of the United States. The average detention was two to three weeks, but many stayed for several months. Bracero Program In 1942, facing labor shortages caused by World War II, the United States initiated a series of agreements with Mexico to recruit Mexican men to work on U.S. farms and railroads. These agreements became known as the bracero program. Bracero is a term used in Mexico for a manual laborer. Between 1942 and 1964, an estimated two million Mexican men came to the United States on short-term labor contracts. On farms, braceros worked cotton, citrus, dates, and such backbreaking stoop-labor crops as sugar beets, lettuce, and strawberries. Early in the program, they also maintained railroad tracks. Over time, braceros were sent to California, Texas, Oregon, Washington, Arkansas, and 29 other states. Contracts ranged from a few weeks to 18 months. Camps ranged in size from just a few braceros to a thousand. Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 7

8 Slide 1 Immigrants in United States History Slide 2 Pilgrims to Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1620 Slide 3 Pilgrims to Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1620 The Pilgrims came to the United States for political and religious freedom. The first ship that brought Pilgrims to Massachusetts was called the Mayflower. 102 passengers came on the Mayflower. Many more followed on other ships. Slide 4 Pilgrims to Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1620 There was very little room for personal items on the journey. Susanna and William White brought this cradle from Holland for their unborn child. He was the first child born to the Pilgrims in America. Slide 5 Immigrants to Ellis Island, New York Harbor, Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 8

9 Slide 6 Immigrants to Ellis Island, New York Harbor, Between 1880 and 1930, over 27 million people entered the United States. About 20 million people entered through Ellis Island. People came to Ellis Island from all over the world. Many came from Italy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russia, Germany, Britain, Canada, Ireland, and Sweden. Slide 7 Immigrants to Ellis Island, New York harbor, The Statue of Liberty is a statue in New York harbor. Immigrants going to Ellis Island saw the statue. Slide 8 Angel Island Immigration Station, San Francisco Bay, Slide 9 Angel Island Immigration Station, San Francisco Bay, Angel Island is sometimes called the Ellis Island of the West Hundreds of thousands of immigrants came to Angel Island from 84 countries. Most came from China and Japan. Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 9

10 Slide 10 Angel Island Immigration Station, San Francisco Bay, It was easier to move to the United States from China if an immigrant already had family in the United States. Some people had fake documents that said they were part of an American family. They tried to get into the United States illegally. They were called paper sons. This is a coaching book that someone used to learn about an American family. Slide 11 Bracero Program, Mexican-American border, Slide 12 Bracero Program, Mexican-American border, The Bracero Program brought men to the United States to work on U.S. farms and railroads. Two million Mexican men came to the United States on short-term labor contracts. Slide 13 Bracero Program, Mexican-American border, This is a short-handled hoe, or el cortito. Braceros used tools like this to work in U.S. farms. Since the hoe was so short, Braceros worked bent over in the field. Lesson Plan: A Growing Nation 10

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