Organizing Life s Diversity Section 17.1 The History of Classification

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1 Organizing Life s Diversity Section 17.1 The History of Classification Scan Section 1 of the chapter. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions Review morphology Use your book or dictionary to define morphology. New binominal nomenclature class division domain family genus kingdom order phylum classification taxon Classify each term at the left as being part of Linnaeus two-word naming system or a taxonomic group. Linnaeus System Use your book to define each term. Taxonomic Group taxonomy 170 Organizing Life s Diversity

2 Section 17.1 The History of Classification (continued) Early Systems of Classification Identify the parts of Linnaeus two-word naming system by completing the graphic organizer below. first word identifies a which is a Binomial Nomenclature: second word is called the which often describes Distinguish the genus and specific name, or epithet, for the species name of modern humans. genus specific epithet Taxonomic Categories 1. Compare data in the table below to determine which two animals are most closely related. Support your reasoning. Classification of Selected Mammals Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Family Mysticeti Felidae Canidae Canidae Genus Balenopora Felis Canis Canis Species B. physalis F. catus C. latrans C. lupus Common name Blue whale Domestic cat Coyote Wolf 2. Analyze at which level the blue whale diverges from the other animals on the table. Organizing Life s Diversity 171

3 Section 17.1 The History of Classification (continued) Organize the following taxa from most specific to least specific: family, genus, order, species. The first one has been done for you. species Analyze the figure of the taxonomic groups in your book. Then identify the domain, kingdom, phylum, and class for humans. Domain: Kingdom: Phylum: Systematics Applications Class: Summarize how a dichotomous key works. SUMMARIZE Explain why a name such as catfish is not a good scientific name. Analyze why scientific names are better. 172 Organizing Life s Diversity

4 Organizing Life s Diversity Section 17.2 Modern Classification Scan the illustrations in Section 2 of the chapter and read the captions. Select one illustration and state why you think it will be important. Illustration: Why it will be important: Review evolution New Use your book or dictionary to define evolution. Use your book or dictionary to define each term. characters cladistics cladogram molecular clock phylogeny Academic corresponding Define corresponding to show its scientific meaning. Organizing Life s Diversity 173

5 Section 17.2 Modern Classification (continued) Determining Species Compare the four concepts that biologists have used or are using to classify organisms. Basis of Concept Classification Limitations Typological species concept group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting unknown evolutionary histories for some species 174 Organizing Life s Diversity

6 Section 17.2 Modern Classification (continued) Characters Identify and give examples of the two types of characters in the concept map. Characters: Morphological Characters: Biochemical Characters: Example: Example: Example: Example: Phylogenetic Reconstruction Describe cladograms by completing the paragraph. A is a branching diagram that represents the proposed or evolution of a or group. The groups used in cladograms are called Then the a cladogram,. To characters are identified. of various species is identified based on the or of the derived characters in the groups that. In making a cladogram, assume that common ancestor. more derived characters have a more SUMMARIZE Describe a process scientists use to construct a cladogram that includes a new species of vascular plant that was recently discovered in the rainforest. Organizing Life s Diversity 175

7 Organizing Life s Diversity Section 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Scan Section 3 of the chapter. Use the checklist as a guide. Read all section titles. Read all boldfaced words. Read all tables and graphs. Look at all pictures and read the captions. Think about what you already know about groups of organisms. Write three facts you discovered as you scanned the section Review eukaryote New Archaea eubacteria fungus Use your book or dictionary to define eukaryote. Use your book or dictionary to define each term. protists 176 Organizing Life s Diversity

8 Section 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms (continued) Grouping Species Rephrase why the members formerly in the Kingdom Monera were separated into the two new domains Bacteria and Archaea. Domain Bacteria Model the cell walls of eubacteria. Label the features of eubacteria. Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Analyze why archaebacteria are sometimes called extremophiles. Organize the kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya and describe their cell structure. List each kingdom s sources of energy and other important characteristics. Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Cell Structure Energy Sources Other Characteristics Organizing Life s Diversity 177

9 Section 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms (continued) Kingdom Protists Cell Structure Energy Sources Other Characteristics Fungi Plants Animals SUMMARIZE kingdoms. Model a diagram of the relationship between domains and 178 Organizing Life s Diversity