Yomi Babatunde Sui Pheng Low. Cross-Cultural Management. and Quality Performance. Chinese Construction Firms in Nigeria. Springer

Transcription

1 Yomi Babatunde Sui Pheng Low Cross-Cultural Management and Quality Performance Chinese Construction Firms in Nigeria Springer

2 Contents 1 Introduction Background Research Problem Knowledge Gap Research Aim and Objectives Research Hypotheses Research Scope Research Methodologies Research Significance Book Structure 8 2 Review of Literature on TQM and National Culture International Construction Quality Management and Quality Management System Quality Management Total Quality Management (TQM) ISO 9000 and TQM The Future of TQM Culture, National Culture, and National Cultural Dimensions Culture Forms of Culture National Cultural Dimensions Hofstede's Sixth National Cultural Dimension Culture as a Source of Conflict in International Construction Managing Culture in International Construction Cultural Misunderstandings in International Construction Interaction Between Culture, Perceptions, and Conflict Conflict Intensities Conflict-handling Modes 24 vii

3 viii Contents 2.5 National Culture and TQM Influenae of National Culture on TQM Implementation National Culture and TQM Implementation Case Studies of TQM Implementation Future Directions of TQM Summary 29 3 Construction Industry in China Introduction Overview of China International Relations Demographics Climate and Resources Legal System Development of the Construction Industry in China Overview of China's Construction Industry Domestic and International Markets Major Players in China's Construction Industry Challenges in China's Construction Industry Project Management in China's Construction Industry Foreign Investments in China's Construction Industry Key Drivers for Foreign Investments The Chinese Market and Considerations for the Future Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of China's Market Chinese Firms' Development and Strategies in Overseas Market China's Export of Construction Services Chinese Overseas Business Strategies Chinese Special Economic Zones Strategy Chinese Differentiation Strategy from Other Foreign Firms Overseas Summary 43 4 Construction Industry in Nigeria Introduction Overview of Nigeria International Relations Demographics Climate and Resources Legal System 48

4 Contents ix 4.3 Development of the Construction Industry in Nigeria Overview of Nigeria's Construction Industry Domestic and International Markets Major Players in Nigeria's Construction Industry Challenges in the Nigerian Construction Industry Project Management in Nigeria Foreign Investments in Nigeria's Construction Industry Key Drivers for Foreign Investments Nigeria's Market and Considerations for the Future Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of the Nigerian Market Nigeria's Export of Construction Services Nigeria's Globalization Tendencies and Construction Services Summary 57 5 Appraisal of the Relationships Between the Chinese and the Nigerian Construction Industries Brief Comparison of the Chinese and Nigerian Markets Historical Development of Relationships Between China and Nigeria Diplomatie and Economic Relations Between China and Nigeria Foreign Direct Investments of Chinese Firms in Nigeria Operations of Chinese Firms in Nigeria Quality of Services by the Chinese Firms in Nigeria Cross-Cultural Differences Between the Chinese and the Nigerians Summary 66 6 Conceptual Approach Culture-quality Conflict Model Quality Dynamics Organizations Defining Quality Customers Defining Quality Establishing Standards for Quality The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Approach Establishing Standards for Quality ISO and TQM Proposed Quality Dynamics Model Cross-cultural Influences on Quality Introduction Conflicts Within a TQM Organization 73

5 x Contents 6.4 Cross-cultural Quality Implementation Model A Firm's Competitiveness Porter's Diamond Theory Applicability of Porter's Theory Global Competitiveness Competitiveness, Productivity, and Quality Quality and Productivity in the Construction and Non-construction Industries Implications for International Construction and Proposed Cross-cultural Quality Implementation Model Proposed Quality Management Assessment Matrix TQM and National Culture Between Two International Firms Identifying Significant TQM Principles and National Cultural Dimensions Summary 92 7 Research Design and Methodology Introduction Research Design Common Research Designs Adopted Research Designs Data Type, Source, Location, and Accessibility Primary Data and Secondary Data Adopted Data Type, Source, Location, and Accessibility Unit of Analysis and Selection of Study Elements Sampling Adopted Unit of Analysis and Selection of Study Elements Data Collection Method Variables and Measurements Methods of Data Collection Adopted Methods of Data Collection Data Collection Instrument Data Collection Instrument and Pilot Testing Survey Questionnaires Delphi Survey Questionnaires Round 3 Delphi Survey Questionnaire Case Study Interview Questionnaires Summary 113

6 Contents xi 8 Results and Discussions Introduction Characteristics of the Chinese Respondents Characteristics of the Nigerian Respondents Comparison of the Chinese and the Nigerian Respondents Important TQM Principles and Attributes Ranking of TQM Principles Among the Chinese and the Nigerian Respondents Important TQM Attributes Among the Chinese and the Nigerian Respondents Important National Cultural Dimensions and Attributes Ranking of NCDs Among the Chinese and the Nigerian Respondents Important NCD Attributes Among the Chinese and the Nigerian Respondents Discussions on the Important TQM Principles and NCDs and Their Attributes Statistical Testing for Hypothesis Statistical Testing for Hypothesis Comparison of Findings: Round 1 of the Survey and Round 1 of the Delphi Statistical Testing for Hypothesis 3 (Survey and Delphi) Round 2 of the Delphi: Assessments of Matrices 1A and 2A Round 3 of the Delphi: Assessment of Matrix Case Studies Case Study 1 (CS1) Case Study 2 (CS2) Case Study 3 (CS3) Case Study 4 (CS4) Discussion of the Results from the Four Case Studies Validation Quality Management Assessment Model (QMAM) for the Chinese Firms in Nigeria Applying the QMAM Optimizing the QMAM Verification and Validation of the QMAM Developed for the Chinese Firms in Nigeria Optimizing the Proposed Model as a CBR System Summary 206

7 xii Contents 9 Summary and Conclusions Summary Summary of Rindings and Validation of Hypotheses Recommendations Recommendations for the Chinese Recommendations for the Nigerians Recommendations for the Nigerian Government Contributions to Theoiy and Knowledge Contributions to Practice Limitations of the Research Conclusion Recommendations for Future Research 220 Appendix 1: Sampling Frame for the Chinese Firms in Nigeria 221 Appendix 2: Survey Request Form and Round-One Survey Questionnaire Package for the Chinese 223 Appendix 3: Survey Request Form and Round-One Survey Questionnaire Package for the Nigerians 235 Appendix 4: Round-Two Survey Questionnaire for the Chinese 247 Appendix 5: Round-Two Survey Questionnaire for the Nigerians Appendix 6: Delphi Request and Round-One Questionnaire 259 Appendix 7: Round-Two Delphi Questionnaire (for Chinese) 263 Appendix 8: Round-Two Delphi Questionnaire (for Nigerians) 267 Appendix 9: Round-Three Delphi Questionnaire (Combined Results) 271 Appendix 10: Interview Request Form and Questionnaire for HCl and HC2 Chinese Firms 275 Appendix 11: Interview Request Form and Questionnaire for TC1 Chinese Firms 285 Appendix 12: Detailed Characteristics of the Chinese Respondents

8 Contents xiii Appendix 13: Detailed Characteristics of the Nigerian Respondents Appendix 14: Ranking of TQM Principles to Quality Among the Chinese (n = 48) 295 Appendix 15: Ranking of TQM Principles to Quality Among the Nigerians (ra = 80) 301 Appendix 16: Rating of TQM Attributes to Quality Among the Chinese (n = 48) 307 Appendix 17: Rating of TQM Attributes to Quality Among the Nigerians (ji = 80) 311 Appendix 18: Ranking of NCDs to Quality Among the Chinese (w = 48) 315 Appendix 19: Ranking of NCDs to Quality Among the Nigerians (n = 80) 319 Appendix 20: Rating of NCD Attributes to Quality Among the Chinese Respondents («= 48) 323 Appendix 21: Rating of NCD Attributes to Quality Among the Nigerians (n = 80) 327 Appendix 22: Friedman Test TQM Principles' Influence on Quality Among the Chinese and the Nigerians 329 Appendix 23: Friedman Test NCDs' Influence on Quality Among the Chinese and the Nigerians 331 Appendix 24: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test Differences in TQM Principles' Influence on Quality Between the Chinese and Nigerians 333 Appendix 25: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test Differences in NCDs' Influence on Quality Between the Chinese and Nigerians 335 Appendix 26: Spearman Correlation China National Culture's Influence on Quality Perceptions Among the Chinese 337

9 xiv Contents Appendix 27: Spearman Correlation China National Culture's Influence on Quality Perceptions of the Chinese for the Nigerians 339 Appendix 28: Spearman Correlation Nigeria National Culture's Influence on Quality Perceptions of the Nigerians 341 Appendix 29: Spearman Correlation Nigeria National Culture's Influence on Quality Perceptions of the Nigerians for the Chinese 343 Appendix 30: Spearman Correlation Association Between the Chinese and the Nigerians' Rankings of NCDs on Quality in their Own Firms 345 Appendix 31: Spearman Correlation Association Between the Chinese and the Nigerians' Rankings of NCDs on Quality for Each Other 347 Appendix 32: Profile of the Delphi Experts 349 Appendix 33: Fleiss' Kappa Experts' Agreement on TQM Principles' Influence on Quality Among the Chinese (ra = 12 Experts, N = 8 Cases, and k = 8 Ranking Categories) 351 Appendix 34: Fleiss' Kappa Experts' Agreement on TQM Principles' Influence on Quality Among the Nigerians (n = 12 Experts, N = 8 Cases, and k = 8 Ranking Categories) 353 Appendix 35: Fleiss' Kappa Experts' Agreement on NCDs' Influence on Quality Among the Chinese (n ~ 12 Experts, N = 5 Cases, and k = 5 Ranking Categories) 355 Appendix 36: Fleiss' Kappa Experts' Agreement NCDs' Influence on Quality Among the Nigerians (n = 12 Experts, N = 5 Cases, and k = 5 Ranking Categories) 357 Appendix 37: Presentation of the Ratings for Matrix 1 and Matrix 2 359

10 Contents xv Appendix 38: Important 30 Pairs of TQM and NCD Attributes Among the Chinese (Matrix 1A) 373 Appendix 39: Important 30 Pairs of TQM and NCD Attributes Among the Nigerians (Matrix 2A) 377 Appendix 40: Developing Matrix 3 from Matrices 1A and 2A 381 Appendix 41: Matrix 3 Percentage Agreement and Cohen's Kappa for the Chinese and the Nigerians 389 Appendix 42: Matrix 1A Fleiss' Kappa of the Agreement Among the Experts (n = 12 Experts, N = 30 Cases, and k = 5 Rating Categories) 391 Appendix 43: Matrix 2A Fleiss' Kappa for the Experts' Agreement («= 12 Experts, V = 30 Cases, and k = 5 Rating Categories) 393 Appendix 44: Matrix 3 Fleiss' Kappa for the Experts' Agreement (n = 12 Experts, N = 18 Cases, and k = 5 Rating Categories) 395 Appendix 45: Matrix 1A Case Study l's Ranking (Matrix Bl) 397 Appendix 46: Matrix 3 Case Study l's Ranking 401 Appendix 47: Matrix 1A Case Study 2's Ranking (Matrix B2) 405 Appendix 48: Matrix 3 Case Study 2's Ranking 409 Appendix 49: Matrix 1A Case Study 3's Ranking (Matrix B3) 413 Appendix 50: Matrix 3 Case Study 3's Ranking 417 Appendix 51: Matrix 1A Case Study 4's Ranking (Matrix B4) 421 Appendix 52: Matrix 3 Case Study 4's Ranking 425 Appendix 53: Matrix 1A Percentage Agreement of Matrices Bl to B4 Using the Survey Result of the Chinese as the Base 429

11 xvi Contents Appendix 54: Matrix 3 Percentage Agreement of Matrices B1 to B4 with Respect to the Survey (the Chinese and the Nigerians) and the Delphi Results 431 Appendix 55: Matrix 1A Cohen's Kappa for Agreement Between CS1 and CS2 and CS1 and CS4 433 References 435