ENERGY STORAGE: THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN I-SEE, BATH 13 TH NOV 2012

Transcription

1 ENERGY STORAGE: THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN I-SEE, BATH 13 TH NOV 2012

2 ENERGY STORAGE: THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN I-SEE, BATH 13 TH NOV 2012 Contents The need The Principles of Energy Storage The Principles of Grid Balancing Rapid Response Electrolysis Hydrogen Energy Storage Hydrogen: The perfect fuel Why Hydrogen Vehicles? Hydrogen Infrastructure Roll Out Major UK Projects

3 UK WIND GERMAN WIND Germany's wind power chaos should be a warning to the UK 3,500 turbines in the UK produced 4GW (8%) 23,500 turbines in Germany produced 31GW (27%) 25 th May 2012 Germany generated 22.4GW PV (30%) On Friday, September 14, just before 10am, Britain s 3,500 wind turbines broke all records by briefly supplying just over four gigawatts (GW) of electricity to the national grid. Three hours later, in Germany, that country s 23,000 wind turbines and millions of solar panels similarly achieved an unprecedented output of 31GW. But the responses to these events in the two countries could not have been in starker contrast. ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

4 GROWING WIND GENERATION IN THE UK 2011: 6,488 MW wind capacity 15,500 GWh wind production (DUKES 2012) 0.5% of wind was subject to constraint payments MWh 16m 21p/kWh (full yr) MWh 17m 20p/kWh (to Sept, significant winter months not yet included) ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

5 GROWING WIND GENERATION Evidence from Germany and Denmark Problems start at 20% capacity; UK hits threshold from 2013 Problems start at 8% energy; UK at 7.5% in Sept % of peak capacity (60GW) in Winter 20% of peak capacity (40GW) in Summer ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

6 WIND FARM CONSTRAINT PAYMENT ANALYSIS 82 onshore & offshore wind farms in NETA 18 wind farms received payments to-date Price varies by10x from 9 to 99p/kWh Range of windfarm sizes from 20 to 314 MW MWh 15.8m 21p/kWh Windfarm Size (MW) Owner Payments MWh Ave Price Hadyard Hill 119 SSE 2,150,052 14, Farr Unit 1 45 npower 2,803,487 13, Whitelee 314 ScottishPower 1,759,043 9, Beinn Tharsuinn 28 ScottishPower 1,270,086 8, Farr Unit 2 47 npower 1,617,080 7, Kilbraur 1 48 Falck 2,285,641 7, Millennium 1 50 Falck 1,361,314 4, Black Law 122 ScottishPower 584,443 3, Gordonbush 68 SSE 141,528 1, Crystal Rig II 138 Fred Olsen 1,267,850 1, Minsca 35 Infinis 118,660 1, Toddleburn 28 SSE 105, Dalswinton 31 Infinis 72, Edinbane 42 Vattenfall 57, An Suidhe 1 20 npower 113, Dunlaw Extension 29 ScottishPower 15, Arecleoch 114 ScottishPower 24, Mark Hill 84 ScottishPower 11, Total 15,749,582 75, ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

7 MARKETS SIZE IRR to 30% Many $50bn Adoption follows RE 20% capacity threshold STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES MARKETS SIZE

8 ENERGY STORAGE POWER IN OUT SECTOR EXPORT

9 UK ELECTRICITY DEMAND Demand varies daily, weekly, seasonally: Winter Peak is 60GW Base Load Mid Merit Peaking Plant ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

10 LOAD DURATION Data from National Grid Peak Mid-merit Base load ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

11 POWER IN POWER OUT ENERGY STORAGE Shifting the peaks to fill the troughs: Turns mid merit in base load Reduces the need for peaking Increases system efficiency Day night arbitrage! ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

12 RATIONALE FOR POWER IN POWER OUT ES Shifting the peaks to fill the troughs: Turns mid merit in base load Reduces the need for peaking Increases system efficiency Day night arbitrage! 3p to 14p The Balancing Mechanism Reporting System (BMRS) The BMRS website provides near real time and historic data about the Balancing Mechanism which is used by the National Grid (System Operator) as a means of balancing power flows on to and off the electricity Transmission System in the UK. 160 Half Hourly Prices on 24/03/09 Source: BMRS website /MWhr Data from National Grid ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

13 SECTOR EXPORT ENERGY STORAGE Exporting excess power Operating a DSM load Need 1 second response Balance supply demand Add wind? ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

14 GRID BALANCING FREQUENCY SUPPLY SIDE DEMAND SIDE

15 POWER GRID Mechanical Inertia Dynamic Coupling 3000 rpm 50Hz Power Frequency shedding Max 4% swing 48Hz 52Hz Obligation average 50Hz in 1hour POWER GRID OPERATION MECHANICAL INERTIA

16 BALANCING SUPPLY AND DEMAND: SECOND BY SECOND THE NEED: GRID BALANCING

17 BALANCING SUPPLY AND DEMAND: SECOND BY SECOND Dynamic Rising Frequency Falling Frequency Supply Side Balancing Action Turn OFF a generator Turn ON a generator Demand Side Balancing Action Turn ON a load Turn OFF a load THE NEED: GRID BALANCING

18 BALANCING SUPPLY AND DEMAND: DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT ON THE SUPPLY SIDE THE NEED: GRID BALANCING

19 DSM: ELECTROLYSIS Energy storage by DSM hydrogen production Modular, scalable and rapid response (1 second) High conversion efficiency Ability to accommodate intermittent input Separates power from energy RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

20 RAPID RESPONSE PRIMARY SECONDARY RESERVE

21 PRIMARY VS SECONDARY RESPONSE RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

22 NATIONAL GRID: PAYMENT STRUCTURE Four Grid Balancing Payment Tariffs: Short Term Operating Reserve (STOR) Fast Reserve Firm Frequency Response Frequency Control by Demand Management RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

23 Secondary Primary Duration BALANCING SERVICES SUPPLY SIDE PAYMENTS 4 h 2 h Frequency Response Short Term Operating Reserve 30 m 15 m Fast reserve 30 s ~1 s 30 s 2 m 1h 4h Response time RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

24 Secondary Primary Duration BALANCING SERVICES DEMAND SIDE PAYMENTS 4 h 2 h Frequency Control by Demand Management (FCDM) Short Term Operating Reserve 30 m 30 s ~1 s 30 s 1h 4h Response time RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

25 Capacity CAPACITY DELIVERY PAYMENTS 50 MW Frequency Response Fast reserve 10 MW Short Term Operating Reserve 3 MW 1 MW FCDM Load Aggregation ~1 s 30 s 2 m 1h 4h Response time RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

26 FREQUENCY CONTROL BY DEMAND MANAGEMENT (FCDM) Deliver in less than 2 seconds Maintain demand reduction increase for at least 30mins Demand greater than 3MW; which may be achieved by aggregating a number of small loads Have a suitable operational metering Provide output signal into National Grid s monitoring equipment RAPID RESPONSE ELECTROLYSIS

27 HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE POWER TO GAS HYBRIDS LEGISLATION

28 POWER TO GAS: RATIONALE POWER TO GAS: RATIONALE

29 MW RAPID RESPONSE PEM ELECTROLYSIS 60kW 24hrs 25kg/day Stack On Off 0-100% in1 Second Up to 80bar self pressurising 1MW in 20ft container 360 kw Unit POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE

30 ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

31 ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES Regone Plot: Supercapacitors Batteries Hydrogen Ultra and Super Caps Batteries Fuel Cells STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES REGONE PLOT ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

32 ENERGY STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM Battery Transport Fuel Gas Grid Injection Battery Up to 2hrs HFuel Up to days (determined by tank size) Hinject Continuous HYBRID SYSTEM

33 GAS GRID FUEL INFRASTRUCTURE POWER GRID UK GAS FUEL POWER

34 GERMAN POWER TO GAS SCHEMES POWER TO GAS

35 EU Hydrogen Limits for Injection into the HP Gas Grid Covered by a range of local laws and EU Directives Note: interpretation of these rules is complex Sweden France Germany Belgium UK Switzerland Holland Austria 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% Volume / Molar Percent 0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.4% 1.6% 1.8% 2% Mass Percent POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE

36 POWER TO GAS The TSB funded GridGas study Opportunity analysis Compliance of gas injection Rapid response electrolysis Gas mixing Location of stranded gas assets in the UK Potential in Scotland Website: Compliance Stranded Grids Installation Deployment Deployment Deployment POWER TO GAS

37 PERFECT FUEL HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE HYDROGEN TRANSPORT FUEL

38 Diesel Equivalent EU 2015 Target 1= 1.25 HFUEL COSTS TODAY

39 ECOISLAND Hydrogen Energy Storage Smart Grid 2.4m TSB grant ( 1.3m direct to ITM) First installation 100kg/day refueller Fleet of 20 vehicles Hydrogen balancing supply and demand Revenue stream from hydrogen sales Power & Vehicles Control System Intelligence Wireless Vehicles Vehicles ECOISLAND

40 WHY HYDROGEN BEV PHEV FCEV

41 WHAT IS A HYDROGEN VEHICLE? WHY HYDROGEN VEHICLES?

42 WHY HYDROGEN VEHICLES?

43 WHY HYDROGEN VEHICLES?

44 WHY HYDROGEN VEHICLES?

45 WHY HYDROGEN VEHICLES?

46 H 2 ROLL OUT H 2 MOBILITY: FUEL CELL CARS INFRASTRUCTURE

47 FUEL CELL CARS: RACE TO MARKET Hyundai ix35 FCEV Daimler F-Cell Honda Clarity Toyota FCV-R 2012/ GM Opel HydroGen4 Nissan X-TRAIL FCV VW HyMotion Ford Explorer FC SUV Audi A2H2 Daihatsu FCHV Mini MPV Mazda 5 Premacy Renault Scenic ZEV H FUEL CELL CARS VEHICLES ROLL OUT

48 FUEL CELL CARS: RACE TO MARKET 1,000 production Hyundai FCEV in 2012; 10,000 per year from 2013 FUEL CELL CARS VEHICLES ROLL OUT

49 NATIONAL H 2 MOBILITY INITIATIVES The development of a national hydrogen plan 2009: Led by Germany and South Korea 2011: Japan and UK intention to follow 2012: Denmark and France getting going INFRASTRUCTURE ROLL OUT VEHICLES ROLL OUT

50 H 2 MOBILITY: GERMANY Hydrogen Infrastructure; Pike Research; Dec 2011 Entering the German market Phil Doran appointed MD TUV SUD expert report First permit to operate in Germany Passed Passed Ongoing Completed H 2 MOBILITY: GERMANY

51 UK H2MOBILITY The development of a national hydrogen plan To determine the infrastructure investment required 4 Gas companies 6 Automotive OEM s DECC BIS DfT UK intention to follow Germany INFRASTRUCTURE ROLL OUT

52 UK H2MOBILITY The Technology Strategy Board 9m investment Air Products: London Heathrow BOC Linde: Swindon SSE/BOC: Aberdeen ITM Power: EcoIsland (Isle of Wight) Dunsford Park: Dunsford Park Ten on the map Five new HRS funded UKH 2 Mobility next UK INFRASTRUCTURE ROLL OUT

53 ENERGY STORAGE: THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN I-SEE, BATH 13 TH NOV 2012 Summary: Vehicles: Fuel cells are the highest efficiency motor known The vehicles achieve 3 min refuel and 400 miles range The energy can be exported from the grid by power companies not consumers Fuel: Can be made from renewables and provides renewable energy storage Rapid response electrolysis provides grid balancing services Can be made on-site at a lower cost than petrol Provides fuel security

54 ENERGY STORAGE: THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN I-SEE, BATH 13 TH NOV 2012