SFL/METU October 2016 DBE Writing Handout 1 BEGINNER-B GROUP (Student s Copy) A NOUN names a person, an animal, a place, a thing or an idea.

Transcription

1 SFL/METU October 2016 DBE Writing Handout 1 BEGINNER-B GROUP (Student s Copy) I. INPUT A. THE WORD A word is a small part of a sentence, and we use words to make sentences. Words have different uses or functions in a sentence. These are called parts of speech. PARTS OF SPEECH A NOUN names a person, an animal, a place, a thing or an idea. A PRONOUN is used in the place of a noun. Subject Pronouns: Object Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them Possessive Adjective: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs A PREPOSITION usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. A VERB tells us about the action or state in the sentence. An ADJECTIVE describes a noun. It answers the question: What kind of? OR Which? An ADVERB describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It answers the questions: Where, When, How, How long, How often and Why? EXAMPLES Tokyo, Peter, beach, weather * I am from Turkey. * Rio is a big city. Thousands of people visit it every year. * Jason lives in Indonesia, but his sister lives in Spain. * Jakarta is in the west of Indonesia. * It is very cold in Siberia. * Many people visit Indonesia in December. * Venice is a small city. * The weather is hot all year. * The weather affects the life of people negatively. * It is usually foggy in my city. 1

2 EXERCISE 1. Read the paragraph below. Focus on the underlined words and fill in the box below with these bold words. Cambridge is a famous university in the UK. It is in the east of England. It is a small city with a population of 124,000. Cambridge is a beautiful old city, and it is very green. It has many parks and gardens. There are 31 colleges in the University of Cambridge King s and Trinity are two famous colleges. Nearly 18,000 students study at the university. They really like their school. There are also a lot of English language schools in the city. NOUN PRONOUN PREPOSITION VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB B. THE SENTENCE (Part I) A simple sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A simple sentence generally includes a SUBJECT and a VERB. The subject is the person or the thing that performs the action of the verb. It can be a noun (Jason, classroom, students), a noun phrase (my friends, a black dog, her husband s two cousins) or a subject pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it). The verb usually expresses the action (work, sleep) of the sentence or a condition (is, are, was). The Verb TO BE In NLL Unit 1, you studied the verb to be. You can use it with these structures: 1. be + noun * Jos and Marco are pilots. * New York isn t a capital city. * Today is Tuesday. 2. be + prepositional phrase * İstanbul is in the north-west of Turkey. * Ankara and Konya aren t by the sea. 3. be + adjective + (noun) * These cities are crowded and noisy. * Ankara is cold in the winter. * Xavier is an expensive restaurant. 4. There + be * There are nice restaurants in İstanbul. * There is a modern metro system in London. 2

3 Connecting Ideas I: AND (a) Read the sentences below. What two things are connected with and? (b) Look at the sentences again. When do we use a comma with and? 1. * İstanbul and Ankara are crowded cities. * There is an opera house and a harbour in Sydney. * The bookshop is between the bank and the school. * There are a lot of museums, theatres (,) and restaurants in New York. 2. * Sydney is large and noisy. * Venice is a small and beautiful city. 3. * There are historical sights in the city center and around the city. 4. * You can swim and ski in Antalya. * People go to souvenir shops and buy presents for their friends. 5. * Mumbai is a big city, and its population is nearly 10 million. * The waiters are friendly, and they speak good English. EXERCISE 2. Join the following pairs of sentences using and. Write the sentences in the blanks. 1. London is a big city. London is an expensive city. 2. In the winter, London is cold. In the winter, London is rainy. 3. There is a big opera house in London. There is a beautiful bridge in London. 4. London has very big shopping centers. London has very modern shopping centers. 5. There is a metro station next to the shopping center. There is a metro station opposite the school. 3

4 II. WRITING A. PRE-WRITING TASK Study the model text on Toronto. Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the box. they are not there are there are it is there is there are it is Toronto is a modern and beautiful city in Ontario. (1) in the south-east of Canada, on Lake Ontario. (2) a big city, and (3) more than 2,6 million people there. The climate in Toronto is mild. In the summer, it is warm, and in the winter, it is not very cold. Toronto is an important center for cultural events. (4) a lot of museums, theatres, galleries, festivals and public events. The food service is also good in the city. The restaurants are very good, and (5) expensive. Toronto is famous for tourist attractions. China Town and the CN Tower are busy with tourists every year. In China Town, (6) a lot of restaurants and Chinese shops, and in the CN Tower, (7) a restaurant and a theatre. Fill in the table with the information in the text. Do not write long sentences. Take notes only. City Country Location Population Climate Toronto: modern / / big, on Lake Ontario mild Summer: Winter: Cultural events museums, theatres, galleries, festivals and public events Food service Major tourist attractions Restaurants: 4

5 B. WRITING TASK In about 6-10 sentences, write a description of your hometown. While writing, you can revisit the sections in your book New Language Leader Elementary UNIT 1 and this handout for the appropriate language structures and vocabulary. First, you should plan your writing. You may want to use the following mind map. Fill in the mind map with notes about your city and use these notes to write about it. Population Location Climate Name of the City Other info Transportation Attractions/ Social life 5

6 My hometown is. 6