WATER REUSE IN CANADA. Troy D. Vassos, PhD FEC PEng
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1 WATER REUSE IN CANADA Troy D. Vassos, PhD FEC PEng
2 Outline Integrated Water Management Water Quality Standards Case Studies
3 Integrated Urban Water Management
4 Water Conservation & Reuse Municipal Potable Water Supply LANDSCAPE Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Municipal Sanitary Sewer
5 Domestic Water Use in Canada Water Conservation (~40%) 150 L/day per capita Shower/Bath 53 L per day Flushing 45 L per day Laundry 30 L per day Kitchen 15 L per day Cleaning 7 L per day
6 Potable Water Demands Municipal Potable Water Supply - Kitchen - Shower Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater LANDSCAPE Municipal Sanitary Sewer
7 Rainwater Harvesting Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater LANDSCAPE Municipal Sanitary Sewer
8 Potable Water Supplementation Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Makeup Water LANDSCAPE Municipal Sanitary Sewer
9 Stormwater Management Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Makeup Water LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment Municipal Sanitary Sewer
10 Reclaimed Water Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Makeup Water Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION STP Class A Recyled Water - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Landscape Irrigation - Fire Suppression - Cooling Municipal Sanitary Sewer
11 Excess Non-Potable Water Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Makeup Water Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Class A Recyled Water - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Landscape Irrigation - Fire Suppression - Cooling Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment STP Excess Municipal Sanitary Sewer
12 Economic Opportunities Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Makeup Water Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Class A Recyled Water - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Landscape Irrigation - Fire Suppression - Cooling Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment STP Offsite Non-Potable Use Excess Municipal Sanitary Sewer
13 Sewer Mining Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Makeup Water Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Class A Recyled Water - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Landscape Irrigation - Fire Suppression - Cooling Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment Sewer Mining STP Offsite Non-Potable Use Excess Municipal Sanitary Sewer
14 Groundwater Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Makeup Water Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Groundwater Class A Recyled Water - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Landscape Irrigation - Fire Suppression - Cooling Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment Sewer Mining STP Offsite Non-Potable Use Excess Municipal Sanitary Sewer
15 Integrated Water Management Municipal Potable Water Supply - Fire - Toilet - Cooling - Laundry Makeup Water Rainwater - Kitchen - Shower LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION Commercial or Residential Building - Wastewater Class A Recyled Water - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Landscape Irrigation - Fire Suppression - Cooling Excess Stormwater Collection & Treatment STP Excess Municipal Sanitary Sewer
16 IUWM Benefits Lower Water Resource Demands Lower Water Treatment Costs Reduced Water Flows = Increased Capacity Higher Population Density Support Reduced Stormwater Impacts Reduced Wastewater = Increased Capacity Lower Wastewater Treatment Costs Fewer Contaminants Entering Environment
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18 Canadian Water Reuse Standards
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20 Canadian National Guidelines Health Canada Reuse Guideline PARAMETER UNITS MEDIAN TOILET FLUSHING MAXIMUM BOD mg/l < 10 < 20 TSS mg/l < 10 < 20 TURBIDITY NTU < 2 (TSS Altern.) < 5 (TSS Altern.) FECAL COLIFORMS CFU/100 ml < 0 < 200 E. coli CFU/100 ml < 0 < 200 Cl Residual mg/l 0.1 to 1.0* Note: * Recommended that chlorination be used at least as a secondary means of disinfection to maintain a chlorine residual within the distribution system.
21 Canadian National Standard Applicable to: Single-family homes Multi-unit residential or commercial buildings Cluster systems Cluster systems serving multiple properties under different ownership Installed according to CSA Standards B /B /B
22 BC Reuse Water Quality Standard Earliest Canadian Water Reuse Regulation (1999) No longer have Permitting process Registration Verifying treatment & reuse complies with Regulation
23 Alberta Water Reuse Standard
24 Codes & Performance Standards B Design & Installation of Non-Potable Water Systems B Maintenance and Testing of Non-Potable Water Systems B Performance of Non-Potable Water Treatment Systems o Mixed Wastewater o Bath/Shower o Laundry o Combined Greywater
25 Codes & Performance Standards NSF 350 Z1207 Onsite Residential & Commercial Water Reuse Treatment Systems Performance Standard (mixed wastewater & greywater sources) International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) Greywater Recycling (no treatment)
26 Case Studies
27 Conservation Coop - Ottawa 84 Unit Facility CMHC Project ( Light Grey) Showers & Bathtubs Toilet Flushing 8 Unit Experiment
28 Conservation Coop - Ottawa Water Septic BOD 130 mg/l
29 Toronto Healthy House Residential Duplex Rainwater Potable Use Mixed Wastewater Reuse - Toilet Flushing - Laundry & Bath/Shower - Irrigation
30 Toronto Healthy House
31 Toronto Healthy House CHLORINE
32 Yellowknife Micro-Systems 5 Residential Homes Expensive Trucked Water Supply Reuse for Toilet Flushing $8,000/yr Water Savings
33 Yellowknife Residential Housing RECIRCULATION BACKWASH Recirculation Zone Primary Treatment Biofilter Storage Ultra Violet Disinfection Ozonation 2 Stage Filtration
34 Quayside Village, North Vancouver Greywater Reuse Low Technology Treatment Resident Operated (19 units) - Toilet Flushing (30 % saving) Rainwater Harvesting
35 Quayside Village, North Vancouver CHLORINE
36 Alberta Sustainable Home Greywater Reuse Slow sand filtration, soil box, garden wall, UV Rainwater Harvesting Roof, rain barrels, underground cisterns and underground pipes for potable water Treatment with slow sand filtration and ultraviolet disinfection Kitchen, dishwasher & one bathroom sink
37 Dockside Green, Victoria BC Conservation & Reclaimed 65 % Water Reduction Landscape Irrigation Toilet & Urinal Flushing Canadian MBR Technology
38 Vancouver Convention Centre Reclaimed Mixed Wastewater - Green Roof Irrigation - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Indirect Fire Suppression $12,000/mo savings in water GE/Zenon MBR Technology
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40 UBC Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS) Sustainability Research Focus Rainwater - Potable Use Reclaimed Non-Potable Use - Landscape Irrigation - Toilet & Urinal Flushing - Green Roof Irrigation
41 UBC CIRS Building - Rainwater
42 UBC CIRS Building - Reuse
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45 BC Indirect Potable Reuse District of Sechelt Veolia Organica Greenhouse Process (SBR) Filtration + GAC Meets BC Indirect Potable Reuse Standard: < 5 mg/l BOD & < 5 mg/l TSS < 1 NTU Turbidity < 1 CFU/100 ml
46 BC Industrial Reuse Dawson Creek Reclaimed Lagoon Effluent Shell Canada Oil and gas activities was consuming 20% of City s potable water Lagoon wastewater treatment + post treatment reclaimed water facility produces 4 ML/d Used for deep well injection, road dust control, and mud preparation
47 Alberta Industrial Reuse Gold Bar Tertiary WWTP (Edmonton) Onsite washdowns & polymer mixing Suncor Refinery - 15 ML/d for hydrogen and steam production, & cooling Snowmaking & Crop Irrigation Bonnybrook Tertiary WWTP (Calgary) Enamx Shepard Energy Centre natural gasfuelled power facility - 14 ML/d for cooling
48 Oil Sands Alberta Industrial Reuse On average mining requires 3.1 barrels of water per barrel of bitumen produced Oil sands fresh water use in 2012 was about 187 million m3 40% of the City of Toronto s annual water consumption. Oil sands recycle 80-95% of the water used (AER 2013)
49 Canada Transport Canada Pollution Prevention Guidelines for the Operation of Cruise Ships under Canadian Jurisdiction (2013) 17.1 Fresh water management techniques.. reclamation and reuse of water for non-potable purposes, should include: the use of technical water (for example: air conditioning condensate) where possible; the use of water recovery systems (for example: filtering and reuse of laundry water last rinse use for first wash); reclamation and reuse as technical water (flushing toilets, laundry, open deck washing) of properly treated and filtered wastewaters;
50 Reuse in Other Provinces Saskatchewan Agricultural Irrigation Swift Current (1973) 338 ha Moose Jaw (1983) 1194 ha Lloydminster (1983) 28 smaller communities Manitoba Roblin (1996) 40 acre wetland & 20 acres poplar plantation Ontario Guleph greywater recycling and rainwater harvesting rebate programs
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52 Thank you! Troy D. Vassos, PhD FEC PEng Direct:
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