What Is Given? You know the mass of the magnesium sulfate solute: 120 g You know the mass of the solvent: 3.00 kg
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1 12. Practice Problem (page 375) A physiotherapist makes a footbath solution by dissolving 120 g of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), MgSO 4 (s), in 3.00 kg of water. Calculate the percent (m/m) of magnesium sulfate in the solution. (Hint: Remember to use the mass of solution.) You need to determine the percent (m/m) concentration of a magnesium sulfate solution. You know the mass of the magnesium sulfate solute: 120 g You know the mass of the solvent: 3.00 kg Convert the mass from kilograms to grams: 1 kg = g Determine the by adding the to the mass of solvent. Substitute the data into the expression to calculate the concentration. Mass conversion: mass of solvent 3.00 kg 3000 g g/ kg mass of solvent g 120 g 3120 g Percent (m/m) concentration: percent (m/m) 120 g 3120 g 3.846% 3.85% The concentration of the solution is 3.85% (m/m) Chapter 8SolutionsandTheirProperties MHR 17
2 Chapter 8SolutionsandTheirProperties MHR 18 Rounding off and estimating, the concentration in percent (m/m) is about 4% and the is about 3000 g. Four percent of 3000 is about 120 g. The estimate is close to the calculated value and seems reasonable. The calculated answer correctly shows three significant digits. 13. Practice Problem (page 375) How much chromium, nickel, and iron would you need to make a 500 kg batch of 18/8 stainless steel, which is steel made with 18% (m/m) chromium and 8% (m/m) nickel in iron? You need to determine the mass of chromium, iron, and nickel needed to make stainless steel. You know the mass of the solution: 500 kg You know the percent (m/m) of the component elements: 18% chromium 8% nickel 74% iron (the difference between the concentration of the solution (100%) and the sum of the concentrations of chromium and nickel) Rearrange the formula to solve for the. Substitute the data into the expression and solve for the mass of each solute, m. Formula for percent (m/m) concentration: percent (m/m) Rearranged formula to solve for the : percent (m/m) percent (m/m) percent (m/m) 100% Substitution to calculate the mass of the chromium solute, m Cr : 18 % 500 kg mcr 100 % 90 kg
3 Chapter 8SolutionsandTheirProperties MHR 21 Using rounded-off values, and working backward to estimate the mass of solute CCl 4 (): 15% (m/m) 85 g solution = g This estimated answer agrees with the given, CCl 4 (). The calculated answer is reasonable and correctly shows three significant digits. 16. Practice Problem (page 375) Since pure gold is quite soft, gold jewellery is usually made with an alloy. An 18 karat gold alloy contains 75% (m/m) gold. How much of this alloy can a jeweller make with 8.00 g of pure gold? You must determine the mass of a solution of gold alloy. You know the mass of gold solute: 8.00 g: You know the percent (m/m) concentration of the solution: 75% Rearrange the formula to solve for the. Substitute the data into the expression and calculate the mass of the alloy, m. Formula for percent (m/m) concentration: percent (m/m) Rearranged formula to solve for the : percent (m/m) percent (m/m) Substitution to calculate the mass of the gold alloy, m: 8.00 g 100 % m 75 % g 11 g The mass of the gold alloy is 11 g.
4 Using rounded values, and working backward to estimate the : 8 g [solute ] 100% = 73% 11g [solution] This estimated answer agrees closely with the given percent (m/m) concentration. The calculated answer is reasonable and correctly shows two significant digits. 17. Practice Problem (page 375) Surgical steel is an iron alloy that is easy to clean and sterilize. It contains 12 to 14% (m/m) chromium. Calculate the minimum mass of chromium in a 40 g instrument made from surgical steel. You need to determine the minimum mass of chromium in stainless steel. You know the mass of the stainless steel solution: 40 g You know the minimum percent (m/m) of the chromium solute: 12% Rearrange the equation to solve for the. Substitute the given data into the expression to calculate the minimum mass of the chromium solute, m. Formula for percent (m/m) concentration: percent (m/m) Rearranged formula to solve for the : percent (m/m) percent (m/m) 100% Substitution to calculate the mass of the chromium solute: 12 % 40 g m 100 % 4.8 g Chapter 8SolutionsandTheirProperties MHR 22
5 Using rounded values, and working backward to estimate the : % m/m g g or about 1 mg This estimated answer approximates the given. The calculated answer is reasonable and correctly shows three significant digits. 20. Practice Problem (page 375) A mining company in Sudbury reported mining t of ore, from which it extracted t of nickel, t of copper, and 1.6 t of platinum. What is the percent (m/m) concentration of each metal in the ore? You need to calculate the percent (m/m) concentrations of nickel, copper, and platinum in an ore. You know the mass of each metal in the ore: t of nickel t of copper 1.6 t of platinum You know the mass of the ore (solution): t Substitute the data into the expression to calculate the concentration of each metal. concentration of nickel percent (m/m) t t % 0.243% The concentration of nickel in the ore is 0.243% (m/m) Chapter 8SolutionsandTheirProperties MHR 25
6 concentration of copper percent (m/m) t t 2.315% 2.3% The concentration of copper in the ore is 2.3% (m/m). concentration of platinum percent (m/m) 1.6 t t % % Chapter 8SolutionsandTheirProperties MHR 26 The concentration of nickel in the ore is % (m/m). The amounts of each metal differ approximately by a number of powers of ten. The percent (m/m) concentrations differ by the same powers of ten. The calculated answers seem reasonable and are expressed to the correct number of significant digits. Section 8.3 Concentrations of Solutions Solutions for Practice Problems Student Edition page Practice Problem (page 376) The rubbing alcohol that is sold in pharmacies is usually a 70% (v/v) aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol. What volume of isopropyl alcohol is present in a 500 ml bottle of this solution? You need to determine the volume of isopropyl alcohol (solute) in a bottle of rubbing alcohol.
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AP Chem Summer Assignment Worksheet #1 Atomic Structure 1. a) For the ion 39 K +, state how many electrons, how many protons, and how many 19 neutrons are present? b) Which of these particles has the smallest
Molecules, Atoms, Grams and Mole Calculation Practice
Molecules, Atoms, Grams and Mole Calculation Practice Helpful HINTS: In these problems look for two things: 1) From what unit to what unit? 2) Does the object stay the same, or does the object change?
To measure the solubility of a salt in water over a range of temperatures and to construct a graph representing the salt solubility.
THE SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 2007, 1995, 1991 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included. OBJECTIVE To measure