HYDROPOWER IN THE WATER INDUSTRY

Transcription

1 2 November 2011 HYDROPOWER IN THE WATER INDUSTRY ROGER MIDDLETON CHIEF MECHANICAL ENGINEER & SUSTAINABILITY LEADER

2 AGENDA Water industry energy background, Likely places for hydropower, Examples from UKWIR study, UK and overseas, Possible opportunities for development. 2

3 INTRO TO BLACK & VEATCH B&V is a leading global engineering, consulting & construction company. We specialise in infrastructure development in the field of energy, water & information. We provide complete engineering, construction, financial and management consulting services. Our clients include private companies, national and local government, multinational development organisations etc. B&V has c. 9,000 employees in 100 offices worldwide. 3

4 UK WATER INDUSTRY BACKGROUND 14 water only companies, 12 water & sewage companies, Energy usage about 3% of national demand, Industry financially regulated by WSRA, Ofwat, Runs in 5 year cycles AMPs, Commitments on reducing energy and carbon, Division between regulated and non regulated business. The Environment Agency monitors water use and pollution and has assets of it s own... 4

5 THE WATER UTILITY CHALLENGE The energy challenge for water companies to focus upon best whole life cost outcome for future asset development and an investment that provides mitigation of: 4 key risk factors affecting operating costs Energy Cost Inflation Climate Change Regulation & Carbon Reporting Capital Cost Strategic Resources and Resource Recovery Energy accounts for c.10 % of a water utilities operating cost

6 UKWIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY STUDY One year project to study &report; A Compendium of Best Practice; Technical appraisal: current state; Reinforced by examples and case studies, no pilot plant; Development potential; Low hanging fruit and longer term projects. Sources of case studies Africa (3) UK (45) Australia (21) & Singapore (6) Europe (24) North America (24) INDUSTRY UKWIR LIMITED UK WATER R E SE ARCH 6

7 RISING COST OF ENERGY 1 ST RESPONSE REDUCE DEMAND Energy usage by service component and interventions with greatest potential 32% 10% 6% Waste Water 24% 28% Clean Water Abstraction & Treatment Pumping gains: 10-20% Renewables: Turbines Water Distribution Sewerage Pumping gains: 5-10% Renewables: PM turbines Pumping gains % Renewables: Turbines Sewage Treatment Pumping gains: 5-10% Aeration gains; up to 50% Sludge Treatment & Disposal Pumping gains: 5-10% Renewables - CHP Source: B&V UKWIR Energy Efficiency Compendium

8 HOLISTIC CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT Climate Change Impacts More extreme peak rainfall events??? Erosion & loss of soil & carbon on high ground M: land use More extreme flood events overload drains Higher siltation loads in lower reaches more dredging etc M: wetland design More impacts on coastal towns and treatment works - both sorts M: separate systems A logical outcome of the WFD and RBMPs, This will require us to re think how much water is available for different priorities, where we put sustainable new developments, and in what order we re use our water resources, but should also bring hydropower opportunities.

9 HYDRO POWER OPPORTUNITIES PRIME LOCATIONS IN EXISTING UTILITY SYSTEMS IDEAL CONDITIONS Existing pressure reduction facilities; Locations with significant hydraulic grade drop; Predictable flow rate; Relief in the system (changes in elevation); Area available for turbine. 9

10 UK OPPORTUNITIES Asset location within companies: between raw water reservoirs and works, between works and customers, at outfalls and tidal assets, at pressure control valves. Geographically: mainly in the North and West, environmentally conscientious, will work with all stakeholders, prefer internal company resources. Environment Agency: Gauging stations, sluices and pumping stations. Local knowledge + technical expertise = viability 10

11 AND WHEN EFFICIENCY IS NOT ENOUGH? Logic follows the energy hierarchy: switch it off, use it more efficiently, use renewable energy, fossil fuel with clean up, business as usual. Renewable energy: Combined heat & power (CHP) from biogas, Wind and solar, Hydropower. Energy efficiency will get 5 to 15%, Beyond that we need to think outside the box... 11

12 ESHOLT STW TURBINE, Bradford 0.018kWh/m3 520,000 Pe now 580,000 Pe 2020 Archimedean screw type on raw sewage! Probably not viable unless civil works are needed anyway. Only recently installed so no feedback on performance. 12

13 LITTLEHEMPSTONE WTW Totnes, Devon South West Water Flows about 100Ml/d From Burrator reservoir, Turbine replaced a PRV, Energy is used on site, Generates at 400v, Rated >500kW, PRV is in bypass, Bump less control, No spills allowed to River Dart, Cost 470,000 funded by SWW, Payback 4 years. 13

14 EWDEN WTW WTW Inlet, 40Ml/d flow, 250kW turbine. Turbine is on the raw water feed from reservoir. 14

15 FRANCE Super Rimiez Southern France, mountainous country, raw water and treatment works much higher than customers, 3 units on micro works within a clean water network: 0.5m3/s 40m head 120kW 0.3m3/s 120m head 291kW 0.4m3/s 52m head 171kW 1.3m, 4.5GWh/year, 6 year payback, Preferential feed in tariffs, High priority on regular maintenance. 15

16 FRANCE Suburban Paris Seine Aval WWTP STW high quality effluent to River Seine, 2.1M m3/d but only 8m head, 2 x 417kW Kaplan turbines, Mean flow rate 4m3/s, Output 6GWh/year, Reported 87% efficient Photos show about 2m diameter turbines so Capex would be high a problem for high flow & low head. 16

17 AUSTRALIA Melbourne s water sources are high in the Yarra Mountains, Main reservoirs feed service reservoirs which have excess head over their distribution systems. Turbines have replaced pressure control / reduction valves. Site Max Flow (ML/d) Plant Size (kw) Average Annual Generation (MWh) Preston 270 2,000 12,129 Notting Hill ,993 Mt View ,102 Olinda 270 1,000 5,800 Upper Yarra ,412 Silvan ,099 Looking at further sites as electricity prices rise... 17

18 ADELAIDE Water is pumped to a tank from the River Murray hence no $ incentives, as in the UK, Flows between 1,400 and 200 l/s of filtered water, Output between 1,700 and 200kW, Unit is a 6 jet vertical pelton wheel, 11kV electrics, Generates 5,000MWh/year on average, Cost $3m Aus, payback depends on electricity prices. 18

19 USA City of San Diego, Ca: Point Loma WWTP Flows 662,000m3/d, 1.35MW turbine in 12 (3.6m) main effluent pipe, cost $332k, electricity is $0.82/kWh, sell rate $0.03/kWh, payback 3 years 19

20 BACK TO THE UK WALES Environment Agency, Wales: Carbon Reduction Study Started with over 60 possible sites, Desk study to reduce to a long list of 18, Site surveys in parallel with planning checks, Local staff have excellent catchment knowledge, Suitable sites in all three areas identified, Choice of one site agreed with local EA staff, Recommendation on design, plant selection, construction, including full economic analysis. Run of river sites need special consideration and turbines, Most current machinery is unsuitable. 20

21 RISK MANAGEMENT Check surge impacts on existing system if the power fails mitigation and costs? Check local and site specific environmental issues even if you are doing it on your own patch, Environment Agency Pre Application meeting is a good starter, Check all the stakeholder interests before planning, Check all of the efficiencies, not just the hydraulics, Consider long term electricity price forecasts not today s prices! 21

22 POTENTIAL Where a utility or an agency owns an area of the catchment, Where there are any pressure control valves, Zoned areas of drinking water distribution, Possibilities on older membrane plant in head recovery from the waste stream. 22

23 THANKS FOR LISTENING Q & A Roger Middleton Chief Engineer E:mail:middletonr1@bv.com Tel:

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