Chapter 9a Pronominal Suffixes Introduction

Transcription

1 Chapter 9a Pronominal Suffixes Introduction 1. Pronominal suffixes are pronouns that are suffixed to nouns, prepositions or the definite direct object marker (and verbs to be studied later). 2. Pronominal suffixes can be either possessive (my, your, his, her, our, their) or objective (me, you, him, her, us, them). 3. When appearing on nouns, pronominal suffixes are possessive (as in his book or her wisdom ). When appearing on prepositions or the definite direct object marker (and verbs), they are objective (as in to them or them ). 4. All pronominal suffixes have person (first, second, third), gender (masculine, feminine, common) and number (singular, plural). 5. In Hebrew, there are two sets of pronominal suffixes: Type 1 and Type 2. The suffixes of each set have the same possessive and objective translation values. In general, Type 1 suffixes occur with singular nouns and the definite direct object marker. Type 2 suffixes occur with plural nouns. Prepositions may take either type of suffix.

2 Chapter 9b Pronominal Suffixes Translating Pronominal Suffixes 1. When attached to nouns, pronominal suffixes are possessive as these two examples with סוּס (horse) illustrate. your (ms) horse סוּס ך your (ms) horses סוּס. י ך 2. When attached to prepositions, pronominal suffixes are objective as these two examples with ל (to) illustrate. (ms) to you ל ך (mp) to you ל כ ם 3. When attached to the definite direct object marker objective. pronominal suffixes are,(א ת/א ת ) him א תוֹ (mp) them א ת ם

3 Chapter 9c Pronominal Suffixes Type 1 and Type 2 Type 1 Type 2 Translation Suffixes Suffixes Possessive/Objective 1cs י י my/me 2ms ך.י ך 2fs ך.י ך your/you your/you 3ms יו וֹ his/him.יה הּ 3fs her/her 1cp נוּ. ינוּ our/us 2mp כ ם יכ ם your/you 2fp כ ן יכ ן your/you 3mp ה ם יה ם their/them 3fp ה ן יה ן their/them

4 Chapter 9d Pronominal Suffixes Alternate Type 1 Suffixes Type 1 Suffix Alternate Form 1cs י נ י 3ms וֹ הוּ 3fs הּ ה 3mp ה ם ם 3fp ה ן ן

5 Chapter 9e Pronominal Suffixes Distinguishing Between Type 1 and Type 2 There are many similarities between Type 1 and Type 2 י suffixes. Note, however, that all Type 2 suffixes have (Yod) as part of their spelling. The presence of this י will enable you to distinguish between the two types. Type 1 Type 2 סוּס. ינוּ סוּס. נוּ our horse our horses סוּס יכ ם סוּס כ ם your (mp) horse your (mp) horses

6 Chapter 9f Pronominal Suffixes Masculine Nouns Type 1 Suffixes Noun ms Type 2 Suffixes Noun mp 1cs סוּס י my horse סוּס י my horses 2ms סוּס ך your horse סוּס. י ך your horses 2fs סוּס ך your horse סוּס. י ך your horses 3ms סוּסוֹ his horse סוּס יו his horses 3fs סוּס הּ her horse סוּס. יה her horses 1cp סוּס. נוּ our horse סוּס. ינוּ our horses 2mp סוּס כ ם your horse סוּס יכ ם your horses 2fp סוּס כ ן your horse סוּס יכ ן your horses 3mp סוּס ם their horse סוּס יה ם their horses 3fp סוּס ן their horse סוּס יה ן their horses Note: When pronominal suffixes are added to masculine plural nouns, the masculine plural ending (ז ים) is dropped. With the absence of this ending, a masculine noun is recognizable as plural only by the use of Type 2 pronominal suffixes.

7 Chapter 9g Pronominal Suffixes Distinguishing Between Type 1 and Type 2 1cs Suffixes Be careful to note the important distinction between the 1cs suffixes on singular and plural nouns. The 1cs suffix is spelled as a Hireq Yod in Type 1 with singular nouns and as a Pathach Yod in Type 2 with plural nouns. סוּס י סוּס י my horse my horses

8 Chapter 9h Pronominal Suffixes Feminine Nouns Type 1 Suffixes Noun fs Type 2 Suffixes Noun fp 1cs תּוֹ רת י my law תּוֹרוֹת י my laws 2ms תּוֹר,ת ך your law תּוֹרוֹת.י ך your laws 2fs תּוֹ רת ך your law תּוֹרוֹת. י ך your laws 3ms תּוֹ רתוֹ his law תּוֹרוֹת יו his laws 3fs תּוֹ רת הּ her law תּוֹרוֹת. יה her laws 1cp תּוֹ רת. נוּ our law תּוֹרוֹת.ינוּ our laws 2mp תּוֹ רת כ ם your law תּוֹרוֹת יכ ם your laws 2fp תּוֹ רת כ ן your law תּוֹרוֹת יכ ן your laws 3mp תּוֹ רת ם their law תּוֹרוֹת יה ם their laws 3fp תּוֹ רת ן their law תּוֹרוֹת יה ן their laws Note: When a feminine singular noun ending in as )ב ה in ת is replaced by ה receives a pronominal suffix, the (תּוֹ רה suffix. ) before the תּוֹ רת becomes תּוֹ רה)

9 Chapter 9i Pronominal Suffixes Identifying a Noun as Feminine Plural תּוֹרוֹת.י ך your (ms) laws This noun (תּוֹ רה) is easy to identify as a plural. Unlike masculine plural nouns which drop the diagnostic plural ending (ב ים) with the addition of a pronominal suffix, feminine nouns retain the plural ending (וֹת) before a suffix. Additionally, the.י ך ending is a Type 2 suffix which further identifies the noun as plural.

10 Chapter 9j Pronominal Suffixes Spelling Changes in Nouns Most nouns will experience vowel changes with the addition of pronominal suffixes. Lexical Nouns with Form Suffixes Translation דּ ב ר ד ב רי my word דּ ב ר ד ב ריה ן their (fp) words בּ. י ת בּ ית ך your (ms) house מ. ו ת מוֹתוֹ his death Despite these vowel changes, you should be able to identify most nouns with suffixes if you: (1) memorize all Type 1 and Type 2 suffixes; (2) build a frequency vocabulary; and (3) become familiar with the use of a standard lexicon and the format of noun and preposition entries.

11 Chapter 9k Pronominal Suffixes Monosyllabic Nouns Type 1 Suffixes Noun ms Type 2 Suffixes Noun mp 1cs א ח י my brother א ח י my brothers 2ms א ח. י ך your brother א ח. י ך your brothers 2fs א ח. י ך your brother א ח. י ך your brothers 3ms א ח יו his brother א ח יו his brothers 3fs א ח. יה her brother א ח.יה her brothers 1cp א ח. ינוּ our brother א ח. ינוּ our brothers 2mp א ח יכ ם your brother א ח יכ ם your brothers 2fp א ח יכ ן your brother א ח יכ ן your brothers 3mp א ח יה ם their brother א ח יה ם their brothers 3fp א ח יה ן their brother א ח יה ן their brothers Note: Certain singular monosyllabic nouns add י to their stem before a pronominal suffix. The addition of this י to singular nouns with Type 1 suffixes may cause them to be confused with plural nouns having Type 2 suffixes. The singular noun paradigm has Hireq Yod,א ח. י ך) your brother). The plural noun paradigm varies its vowel but it is never Hireq Yod,א ח. י ך) your brothers).

12 Chapter 9l Pronominal Suffixes Studying Prepositions with Pronominal Suffixes 1. When prepositions take pronominal suffixes, they are objective rather than possessive. In other words, they usually function as the object of the preposition as in with her or to them. 2. Some prepositions take Type 1 suffixes and others take Type 2 suffixes. ע ל Type 2 with ל Type 1 with ע ל. י ך ל ך to you (ms) on you (ms) 3. Don t be concerned with a preposition s preference for Type 1 or Type 2 suffixes. On prepositions, the translation value is the same for both types. ע ל Type 2 with ל Type 1 with ע ל יו לוֹ to him on him

13 Chapter 9m Pronominal Suffixes ע ל and ל Prepositions Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes 1cs ל י to me ע ל י on me 2ms ל ך to you ע ל. י ך on you 2fs ל ך to you ע ל. י ך on you 3ms לוֹ to him ע ל יו on him 3fs ל הּ to her ע ל.יה on her 1cp ל. נוּ to us ע ל.ינוּ on us 2mp ל כ ם to you ע ל יכ ם on you 2fp ל כ ן to you ע ל יכ ן on you 3mp ל ה ם to them ע ל יה ם on them 3fp ל ה ן to them ע ל יה ן on them Note: The prepositions ל (to, for), בּ (in, on), ע ם (with) and (with) all take Type 1 suffixes. Prepositions that take א ת תּ. ח ת for), (to, א ל upon), (on, ע ל include: Type 2 suffixes (under) and א ח רי (after).

14 Chapter 9n Pronominal Suffixes מ ן and כּ Prepositions מ ן כּ 1cs כּ מ.וֹנ י like me מ מּ. נּ י from me 2ms כּ מ.וֹ ך like you מ מּ ך from you 2fs כּ מוֹ ך like you מ מּ ך from you 3ms כּ מ.וֹהוּ like him מ מּ. נּוּ from him 3fs כּ מ.וֹה like her מ מּ.נּ ה from her 1cp כּ מ.וֹנוּ like us מ מּ.נּוּ from us 2mp כּ כ ם like you מ כּ ם from you 2fp כּ כ ן like you מ כּ ן from you 3mp כּ ה ם like them מ ה ם from them 3fp כּ ה ן like them מ ה ן from them Note: With the preposition,כּ the forms with singular and 1cp suffixes exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the preposition.(כּ מ.וֹ) With the preposition,מ ן forms with singular and 1cp suffixes also exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the preposition.

15 Chapter 9o Pronominal Suffixes א ת/א ת The Definite Direct Object Marker The object marker א ת/א ת takes Type 1 pronominal suffixes and it is translated as a personal pronoun in the objective or accusative case. ז כ ר א ת ם He remembered them

16 Chapter 9p Pronominal Suffixes Distinguishing Between the Definite Direct Object Marker and the Preposition א ת/א ת with Suffixes Object Marker Preposition 1cs א ת י me א תּ י with me 2ms א ת ך you א תּ ך with you 2fs א ת ך you א תּ ך with you 3ms א תוֹ him א תּוֹ with him 3fs א ת הּ her א תּ הּ with her 1cp א ת. נוּ us א תּ. נוּ with us 2mp א ת כ ם you א תּ כ ם with you 2fp א ת כ ן you א תּ כ ן with you 3mp א ת ם them א תּ ם with them 3fp א ת ן them א תּ ן with them Note: The object marker is distinguished by a Holem over the initial consonant.(א ת י) It is Seghol in the 2mp and 2fp forms.(א ת כ ם) The preposition is distinguished by Hireq ת under the initial consonant and Daghesh Forte in the.(א תּ י)

17 Chapter 9q Pronominal Suffixes ע ם and the Noun ע ם The Preposition ע ם ע ם 1cs ע מּ י with me ע מּ י my people 2ms ע מּ ך with you ע מּ ך your people 2fs ע מּ ך with you ע מּ ך your people 3ms ע מּוֹ with him ע מּוֹ his people 3fs ע מּ הּ with her ע מּ הּ her people 1cp ע מּ.נוּ with us ע מּ. נוּ our people 2mp ע מּ כ ם with you ע מּ כ ם your people 2fp ע מּ כ ן with you ע מּ כ ן your people 3mp ע מּ ם with them ע מּ ם their people 3fp ע מּ ן with them ע מּ ן their people Note: The preposition has Hireq,ע מּ י) with me) and the noun has Pathach,ע מּ י) my people). Both words take a Daghesh Forte in the מ when pronominal suffixes are added.

18 Chapter 9r Pronominal Suffixes Summary Chart Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Translation Suffixes Alternate Suffixes Possesive/Objective 1cs י נ י י my/me 2ms ך.י ך 2fs ך.י ך your/you your/you 3ms וֹ הוּ יו his/him 3fs ב הּ ה.יה her/her 1cp נוּ. ינוּ our/us 2mp כ ם יכ ם your/you 2fp כ ן יכ ן your/you 3mp ה ם ב ם יה ם their/them 3fp ה ן ב ן יה ן their/them