Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery Section 1: The Renaissance In Italy ( ) By Dallin F. Hardy

Transcription

1 Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery Section 1: The Renaissance In Italy ( ) By Dallin F. Hardy

2 Renaissance 15 th -16 th centuries Rebirth in French Transition Medieval to Modern

3 Medieval Europe Before 12 th century Characteristics Feudal society Dominated By Church

4 Renaissance Europe After 14 th century Characteristics National consciousness Political centralization

5 Italian Renaissance

6 Sacking of Rome 1527 End of Italian Renaissance

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8 The Italian City-State Italian Merchant Cities Birthplace of Renaissance

9 Italian Trading Cities Traded with East Included Venice Genoa Pisa

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11 Italian Merchants Mastered Business skills

12 Italian City-States 13 th -14 th centuries Became Powerful

13 Growth of City-States Rival Factions Guelf Pro-papal Ghibelline Pro-imperial Papal-Imperial Warfare Assisted in Growth of Italian city-states

14 Five Major City States Milan Florence Venice Papal States Naples

15 Despotic City-States Evolved due to Social strife Competition for Became Political power Despotic

16 Florence Four Social groups Nobles and merchants New merchant class Middle-burgher Lower economic class

17 Ciompi Revolt 1378 Florence Resulted from Poor conditions brought on by Black Death

18 Cosimo de Medici 1434 Established Stability in Florence

19 Florentine Government Governed by Signoria

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22 Lorenzo the Magnificent Ruled Florence

23 Assassination of Giuliano 1478 Giuliano de Medici By Brother of Lorenzo Pazzi family

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26 Podesta Hired strongman

27 City-State Diplomacy 15 th century Established Embassies Ambassadors

28 Center of Italian Renaissance Florence Due to City-states Trade Free market Humanism Wealth Responsible for cultural development in Renaissance Italy

29 Humanism Humanism Study of Classics Latin Greek Church fathers Promoted Rebirth of Ancient Norms Values

30 Studia Humanitatis Liberal arts program

31 Leonardo Bruni Humanist scholar

32 First Humanists Included Orators Poets

33 Recovery of Ancient Manuscripts By Humanist scholars

34 Petrarch Father of Humanism Wrote Letters to the Ancient Dead Africa Lives of Illustrious Men

35 Dante Alighieri Wrote La Vita Nuova Divine Comedy Cornerstone of Italian literature

36 Giovanni Boccaccio Wrote Decameron 1348 Takes place In Country retreat During Black Death

37 Decameron, painting by Sandro Botticelli from 1487.

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40 Humanist Education Ennobles & creates Well rounded individuals

41 Pietro Paolo Vergerio Wrote On the Morals That Befit a Free Man

42 We call those studies liberal which are worthy of a free man; those studies by which we attain and practice virtue and wisdom; that education which calls forth, trains and develops those highest gifts of body and of mind which ennoble men, and which are rightly judged to rank next in dignity to virtue only. For to a vulgar temper gain and pleasure are the one aim of existence, to a lofty nature, moral worth and fame. Pietro Paolo Vergerio

43 Education of the Orator 1416 Discovered Classical guide for Humanist curriculum

44 Baldassare Castiglione Wrote Book of the Courtier Examined Renaissance Court life Conduct

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47 Christine de Pisan Wrote The Treasure of the City of Ladies

48 Revival of Greek Philosophy 15 th century Greek Studies Most important intellectual recovery during Italian Renaissance

49 Manuel Chrysoloras Byzantine scholar Introduced Greek scholarship to Italian humanists

50 Council of Ferrara-Florence 1439 Negotiated Reunion of Churches

51 Fall of Constantinople 1453

52 Greek Scholars Fled to Florence Brought Greek manuscripts

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57 Florentine Academy Devoted to the works of Plato Neoplatonists

58 Platonism Philosophy Flattering view of Human nature

59 Pico della Mirandola Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man 1486

60 with freedom of choice and with honor, as though the maker and molder of thyself, thou mayest fashion thyself in whatever shape thou shalt prefer. Thou shalt have the power to degenerate into the lower forms of life, which are brutish. Thou shalt have the power, out of thy soul s judgment, to be reborn into the higher forms, which are divine. Oration on the Dignity of Man Picco della Mirandola

61 Lorenzo Valla Defended Doctrine of Predestination Wrote Elegances of the Latin Language 1444

62 Donation of Constantine Lorenzo Valla Proved the document to be Fraudulent

63 Declamatio by Lorenzo Valla

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66 Civic Humanism Promoted Individual virtue Public service Coalescence of Humanism Civic reform

67 Renaissance Art Laity in Renaissance Italy 14 th & 15 th Centuries Assumed Leading role

68 High Renaissance Art & sculpture Reached Full maturity

69 Renaissance Art Embraced Natural world Human emotions Rational/mathematical order Symmetry & proportion Blended Classical Christian

70 Artistic Techniques Chiaroscuro Linear Perspective Proportion

71 Giotto Father of Renaissance Painting

72 Masaccio Florentine Painter

73 Masters of High Renaissance Donatello Leonardo Raphael Michelangelo

74 Donatello Florentine Sculptor

75 Tomb of Antipope John XXIII

76 Statue of Habacuc

77 Statue of St. George in Orsanmichele, Florence

78 Statue of St. John the Baptist in the Duomo di Siena.

79 Leonardo da Vinci Renaissance man Painter Sculptor Architect

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81 The Baptism of Christ ( ) Uffizi, by Verrocchio and Leonardo

82 The Adoration of the Magi, (1481) Uffizi, Florence, Italy. This important commission

83 Salai as John the Baptist (c. 1514) Louvre

84 Annunciation ( ) Uffizi, is thought to be Leonardo's earliest complete work

85 Virgin of the Rocks, National Gallery, London, possibly , demonstrates Leonardo's interest in nature.

86 Vitruvian Man 1485 By Leonardo da Vinci Depicts Perfect man

87 Mona Lisa Da Vinci s Most famous painting

88 The Last Supper 1498

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91 Raphael Italian Painter

92 Saint George and the Dragon, a small work (29 x 21 cm) for the court of Urbino.

93 The Wedding of the Virgin, Raphael's most sophisticated altarpiece of this period

94 The Coronation of the Virgin

95 The Mond Crucifixion, , very much in the style of Perugino

96 Portrait of Pope Julius II, ca. 1512

97 School of Athens

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100 Michelangelo Florentine Sculptor

101 Pietà 1499

102 Statue of David Perfect example of Renaissance Devotion to harmony Symmetry Proportion

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105 Sistine Chapel Commissioned by Pope Julius II

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112 Mannerism Late 16 th century Characterized by Distortion of Scale Perspective

113 Tintoretto Italian Painter

114 The Last Supper (1594).

115 El Greco Greek Painter

116 The Burial of Count Orgaz

117 The Disrobing of Christ