Sumter County Schools June 25, 2011 Eighth Grade Unit 2: Georgia Geography and The Prehistoric Period

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1 Sumter County Schools June 25, 2011 Eighth Grade Unit 2: Georgia Geography and The Prehistoric Period This unit will focus on the relationship between human activities and natural forces and physical features. It will show that development that occurred among prehistoric cultures happened in direct relation to changes in their environment whether by migration or natural phenomena. Additionally, it will lead to an understanding of the importance of location and physical features to the development of an area and its culture. Standards/Elements SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. a. Locate Georgia in relation to region, nation, continent, and hemispheres. b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain. c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier islands. d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia's development. SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods. Vocabulary: evaluate, development, cultures, impact, exploration, evolution, region, nation, continent, hemispheres, physical features, geographic regions, climate, good and services, and historical period People, Place, and Events (PPE): Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian, Europeans, Native American, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain, Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier islands I Can Statements: 1) I can evaluate the development of Native American cultures. 2) I can evaluate the impact of Europeans exploration and contact on the Native American cultures in Georgia. 3) I can describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. 4) I can describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. 5) I can locate Georgia in relation to region, nation, continent, and hemispheres. Ndjmax 11 Page 1

2 6) I can describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain 7) I can locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier islands. 8) I can evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia's development. 9) I can will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods. Essential Questions : The student will understand that the movement and migration of people and ideas affects all societies involved How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian Period? (H1a, E1) What impact did environment have on the development of the prehistoric Native American cultures?(h1a, E1) The student will understand that location affects a society s economy, culture and development. Where is Georgia in terms of hemisphere, continent, nation, region and global position? (G1a) Which North American physiographic regions are found in Georgia and what are some distinguishing characteristics of each? (G1b) What is the relative location of these physiographic regions within the boundaries of the State? (G1b) The student will understand how particular physical and cultural features and climate have affected development of Georgia. What are the significant physical features of Georgia that have impacted its development? (G1c) How is the impact of these features manifested? (G1c) How has climate played a role in development? (G1d) *Balanced Assessment Plan NOTE: The balanced assessment plan included in this unit is presented as a series of suggested activities. It is not expected that the teacher complete all assessments for a successful unit. Description of Assessment Standard/ Element Type of Assessment 1) Demonstrate the changes in prehistoric SS8H1a,b Constructed response, Ndjmax 11 Page 2

3 Native American cultures using artifacts, models and/or traditions/practices. Include how changes in environment played a role also. This could be done in chart or graphic organizer form. 2) Pretend you are a tour guide on a tour of the universe. Using a map or globe as a prop, present a short narrative explaining the location of Georgia to your passengers. Identify Georgia in terms of hemisphere, continent, country, region, latitude and longitude. 3) Using materials of your choice (paper maché, colored pencils, clay, etc.) create a topographic map of the eastern US label those regions which extend into Georgia. 4) Given an outline map. Locate and label the physical features listed in the standard. For each, include how these features might benefit the people of Georgia.. 5) Students should complete a multiple choice, matching, or fill in the blank assessment covering the reasons for, impact of, and people behind the settlement of Georgia. SS8E1 SS8G1a SS8G1b SS8G1b & c SS8G1a - c SS8E1 SS8H1a,b Self Assessment Selected Response, Dialogue Constructed Response Constructed Response Dialogue Constructed response Selected response Sample Performance Task Enduring Understanding: The student will understand that location affects a society s economy, culture, and development. You have been hired by the Georgia tourism board to create an informational poster that will be displayed at all rest stops along Georgia s interstate system. The objective of this advertising is to attract more people to Georgia s workforce by explaining the relationship of the region and it s economy, culture, and development. The format will consist of a collage of pictures which represent the selected physiographic regions of Georgia. You must first research the regions and find information regarding landforms, natural resources, economic activity, population, climate and physical features. Sources for your research are listed below. As you do this research, collect pictures representative of the criteria for the region to use in your collage. Of course you will not be able to find pictures to represent all of the criteria for the Ndjmax 11 Page 3

4 region so your research will be very important. Create a display of the information you gather in your research. Remember to address each of the topics listed. You should think of a slogan for the region which relates geography to the main economic activities. For example, historically, the New England colonies were also called the fish basket. Their location and climate dictated the primary economic activities: fishing and ship building. Come up with a similar slogan or term for your selected Georgia s regions. People will want to know they can make a living there if they relocate. Finally, prepare a short narrative explaining the relationship between geographic factors (such as those studied) and economic activity of an area (SS8G1, SS8E1) Map and Globe Skills: 4. compare and contrast the categories of natural, cultural, and political features found on maps 12. compare maps with data sets (charts, tables, graphs) and /or readings to draw conclusions and make generalizations. Information Processing Skills: 1. compare similarities and differences 2. organize items chronologically 9. construct charts and tables 11. draw conclusions and make generalizations Note concerning rubrics: Each performance task is accompanied by two rubrics: a content rubric and a product rubric. The content rubric (with bolded borders) is designed to measure how well a student can use the standards to demonstrate the enduring understanding(s). The second rubric focuses on the product of the performance task. This is where students are scored on items involving grammar, punctuation, spelling, creativity, presentation, etc. It is intended that the CONTENT rubric is weighed more heavily when assigning a grade to the students. Task Scale Criteria Describes the five geographic regions of Georgia Describe the differences between Regions 1 Does Not Meet Standard Is not able to depict and describe at least 3 of 4 prescribed criteria (Topography, economy, population density, climate) for all regions Is not able to describe at least 3 of 4 prescribed criteria (Topography, Content Rubric for Performance 2 Needs Improvement Is able to correctly describe 3 of 4 prescribed criteria (Topography, economy, population density, climate) for all regions Is able to correctly describe 3 of 4 prescribed criteria (Topography, 3 Meets Standard Accurately describes how each of the regions are alike in terms of topography, economy, population density and climate Accurately identifies major differences between regions:, population density, 4 Exceeds Standard All of 3 and additional Accurate information ie: current events, political issues, etc. All of 3 and additional accurate information ie: current events, Ndjmax 11 Page 4

5 economy, population density, climate) for all regions economy, population density, climate) for all regions economy and climate political issues, etc. Describes main economic activity using a created slogan Analyzes the impact of location on the selected region. Is not able to identify a term which relates economic activity to geography for at least 4 regions Is unable to make a connection between economic activity and geography Uses a term which relates geography to main economic activity for less 4 of the regions Has some idea that a relationship exists but is unable to explain how geography impacts economic activities of an area Uses a term which correctly relates main economic activity with geography of all regions Student accurately explains the impact of geographic traits on economic activity of an area Uses a term of phrase which correctly relates the main economic activities with the geography Student accurately explains the impact of geographic traits on economic activity of an area including accurate historical and current examples. Product Rubric Scale Criteria Collage of pictures is neat and presentable Information presented in table with at least 6 categories Narrative follows correct grammar and mechanics Does Not Meet Expectation Pictures are too small or unclear. Most of the surface area is visible. Pictures are ripped or wrinkled and glue or tape is visible all around pictures. Information is not presented in a table. Numerous spelling/grammar errors. Paragraph is less than 3 sentences. Needs Improvement Some pictures are too small to see from a couple of feet away. Pictures do not cover most of surface area. Some glue and or tape is visible. Table is structured appropriately but is missing information. Several spelling/grammar errors. Paragraph is too brief at 3-4 sentences. Meets Expectations Pictures are big enough to be seen from several feet away and cover most of surface. No glue or tape is visible. Table is structured appropriately and all information is included. Few, if any, spelling errors. Written in paragraph form with 5 or more sentences. Exceeds Expectation n/a n/a n/ Resources for Unit Map of Georgia Regions To accurately locate regions and replicate for collage : Georgia archives site for maps of Georgia in different time periods. Newspapers, Magazines, Pictures and Photographs from across Georgia.(Georgia Magazine, Flint Electric Publications, tourism pamphlets, Georgia Forestry magazines, photos from family vacations. Resource to do research on Regions. Includes photos Resource to do research on Regions includes photos Eighth Grade Social Studies Program for Georgia: Georgia and the American Experience: History Highlights ( Lessons 1-5 ) Ndjmax 11 Page 5

6 Georgia Stories: Video clips which provide information on the topic. The link is to the Georgia Studies website however, these videos are available on united streaming. Thesaurus: may be helpful in creating slogans for the regions. Ndjmax 11 Page 6

7 Unit 2 Test SS8G1a-d and SS8H1a 1. Prehistoric Indians made permanent settlements in order to A. cultivate plants. B. search for large game. C. band together for protection. D. follow herds of large animals. 2. Which statement BEST describes the physiographic (geographic) regions of Georgia? A. Three of the regions have a combined land area smaller than that of the Piedmont Plateau. B. The Coastal Plain is more than twice the size of the other four regions combined. C. All the geographic regions contain good farmland. D. The smallest area in land is the Blue Ridge region. 3. Which of Georgia s regions has been described as the smallest region, the only source of coal, and the location of Lookout Mountain? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Blue Ridge C. Piedmont D. Ridge and Valley 4. Which characteristic does NOT define a region? A. climate B. education C. landforms D. population 5. What two features must a political region have? A. Boundary line and population B. Legal government and a rural area C. Highways and road signs D. Legal boundary and a government system 6. In which region is the Okefenokee Swamp, the largest swamp in North America, located? A. Blue Ridge B. Coastal Plain C. Piedmont Plateau D. Ridge and Valley 7. Which statement does NOT describe a characteristic of the barrier islands? A. They serve as a wilderness sanctuary. B. They protect the beaches from erosion. C. They are frequently a target of hurricanes. Ndjmax 11 Page 7

8 D. They attract thousands of tourists each year. 8. Which statement BEST explains why there are so few Paleo sites in Georgia? A. Remains from the Old Stone Age have been destroyed by natural forces. B. The nomadic Paleo Indians did not leave many artifacts in one place. C. Paleo sites were often looted by cultural groups that came after them. D. Paleo Indians lived primarily in western states, not in Georgia. 9. Which statement LEAST explains why Georgia s water resources have attracted business and industry to the state? A. Georgia has water resources that provide hydroelectric power. B. Georgia has a large number of natural lakes. C. Georgia has two major seaports on the Atlantic Ocean. D. Georgia has abundant water-related recreational facilities. 10. Which region is known for its carpet manufacturing? A. Piedmont C. Blue Ridge B. Ridge and Valley D. Plateau 11. Which is NOT a theme of geography? A. economics C. movement B. location D. place 12. Which river forms the border between Georgia and South Carolina? A. Chattahoochee C. Flint B. Oconee D. Savannah 13. Which region receives the most rainfall? A. Blue Ridge C. Coastal Plain B. Plateau D. Piedmont 14. Which is an example of a secondary source? A. diaries C. textbook B. speeches D. eye-witness account 15. How many counties are in Georgia? A. 149 C. 169 B. 159 D Which region has the largest population? A. Plateau C. Blue Ridge B. Ridge and Valley D. Piedmont 17. Which statement describes the Okefenokee Swamp? Ndjmax 11 Page 8

9 A. It has the highest recorded level of precipitation in Georgia. B. It has the potential to produce hydroelectric power. C. It is the largest freshwater marsh in Georgia. D. It is located in the Piedmont region. 18. What is the highest peak in Georgia? A. Amicalola Falls B. Brasstown Bald C. Cloudland Canyon D. Tallulah Gorge 19. What two regions are separated by the Fall Line? A. Appalachian Plateau and Blue Ridge B. Blue Ridge and Piedmont Plateau C. Coastal Plain and Blue Ridge D. Coastal Plain and Piedmont Plateau 20. Which statement explains why archaeologists think that prehistoric Indians believed in some form of life after death? A. Tribal centers had churches and other symbols of worship. B. Pictographs and cave drawings depicted a spiritual afterlife. C. Legends of an afterlife were passed down from generation to generation. D. Burial mounds contained items such as tools, tobacco pipes, and weapons 21. How many physiographic (geographic) regions does Georgia have? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D What is the largest physiographic (geographic) area in Georgia? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Coastal Plains C. Piedmont Plateau D. Ridge and Valley 23. What is the oldest prehistoric Indian civilization found in Georgia? A. Archaic B. Mississippian C. Paleo D. Woodland 24. Of what material were most of the tools of the Paleo people made? A. copper B. flint Ndjmax 11 Page 9

10 C. stone D. wood 25. Why have few Paleo artifacts been found in any one place? A. Few people lived during that time B. People did not leave any artifacts C. Artifacts disappeared over time D. People moved frequently 26. Why did the Archaic people move frequently? A. To find secure shelter B. To locate farmland C. To trade with others D. To find enough food 27. Which people were the first to live in tribes? A. Archaic B. Mississippian C. Paleo D. Woodland 28. During which prehistoric period did the bow and arrow come into use? A. Archaic B. Mississippian C. Paleo D. Woodland 29. Who were the first people to use burial mounds? A. Archaic B. Mississippian C. Paleo D. Woodland 30. Which factor resulted in prehistoric Indians making permanent settlements? A. The Indians had abundant large game. B. The Indians began to cultivate plants. C. The Indians followed herds of large animals. D. The Indians wanted to band together for protection. 31. What are the names of the states that border Georgia? A. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, and South Carolina B. Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, South Carolina, and Florida C. Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and North Carolina D. Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida, and North Carolina Ndjmax 11 Page 10

11 Unit 2 Test Study Guide SS8G1a-d and SS8H1a 1. Why there are so few Paleo sites in Georgia? 2. Which statement LEAST explains why Georgia s water resources have attracted business and industry to the state? 3. Why the Prehistoric Indians did made permanent settlements? 4. Describes the physiographic (geographic) regions of Georgia. 5. Which of Georgia s regions has been described as the smallest region, the only source of coal, and the location of Lookout Mountain? 6. Which characteristic does NOT define a region? 7. Which region receives the most rainfall? 8. What two features must a political region have? 9. In which region is the Okefenokee Swamp, the largest swamp in North America, located? 10. During which prehistoric period did the bow and arrow come into use? 11. Which statement does NOT describe a characteristic of the barrier islands? 12. What is the oldest prehistoric Indian civilization found in Georgia? 13. Which region is known for its carpet manufacturing? 14. Which is NOT a theme of geography? 15. What is the highest peak in Georgia? 16. Which river forms the border between Georgia and South Carolina? 17. Why have few Paleo artifacts been found in any one place? 18. Which factor resulted in prehistoric Indians making permanent settlements? 19. Why did the Archaic people move frequently? 20. Which people were the first to live in tribes? 21. How many physiographic (geographic) regions does Georgia have? 22. Which is an example of a secondary source? 23. How many counties are in Georgia? 24. Which region has the largest population? 25. Describes the Okefenokee Swamp. 26. What two regions are separated by the Fall Line? 27. What is the largest physiographic (geographic) area in Georgia? 28. Who were the first people to use burial mounds? 29. Which statement explains why archaeologists think that prehistoric Indians believed in some form of life after death? 30. What are the names of the states that border Georgia? Ndjmax 11 Page 11