SEED Workshop Outline

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1 SEED Workshop Outline Viscosity of Liquids Main Idea This outline is for a one-to two-hour workshop designed to help students learn about viscosity. They will explore the viscosity of different liquids and how the viscosity varies with temperature. The outline provides instructions for leading two class activities, with options for further exploration of the topic. The viscosity workshop can be conducted with a minimum of preparation and setup by a Schlumberger volunteer with students and teachers in a school setting. Preparation Review the information in the SEED School Workshop Guidebook. Select a school for the workshop. Find out how many students are expected to participate. This is to make sure there are enough materials for the activity. Purchase needed materials or order one Viscosity SEEDKIT for each group of two or three students. If you want to use a computer, check if the school has Internet access in the classroom. Materials for Liquid Viscosity Exploration Water Baby oil, or some other easily obtainable light oil Clear or light-colored shampoo For each group of two or three students: Three clear plastic 500-ml (16-oz) bottles* Three glass marbles* One stopwatch* One small plastic container (for elevating bottles)* One ruler* A chart to record your results. Copies of the liquid viscosity activity PDF for each student Materials for Investigation of Viscosity and Temperature Hot water (hot water from a faucet is fine)

2 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 2 of 8 Cold water Ice cubes Clear or light-colored shampoo Paper towels Thermometer (optional) For each group of two or three students: One clear plastic 500-ml (16-oz) bottle* One glass marble* One stopwatch* One tray or basin approximately 22 cm x 11.5 cm x 6.5 cm (8.5 in x 4.5 in x 2.5 in), to hold a 500-ml (16-oz) bottle and enough water to cover it* One ruler* A chart to record your results Copies of the liquid viscosity and temperature activity PDF for each student Materials for Extensions Different liquids Objects of different shapes Flat plates or cookie sheets * These items can be found in the Viscosity SEEDKIT available through SWPS or the SEEDSTORE. Workshop Procedures I. Introduction A. Introduce yourself and tell a little about your work at Schlumberger. B. Introduce the topic of viscosity. 1. Think about the last time you poured a liquid. If it was water, it poured easily. But have you ever poured a thicker liquid such as oil or honey? You might have noticed that it poured more slowly than water. This is because of a property of liquids called viscosity. (Perhaps show video 2. What about other liquids? Which of them seem thick, or more viscous, than water? The list may include milk, coffee, tea, salad dressing, syrup, molasses, mud, and the like. 3. A liquid s ability to pour more or less easily is one of its interesting properties. Would you be interested in learning more about the viscosity of liquids? C. State the goals of the workshop. 1. To learn about the viscosity of liquids.

3 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 3 of 8 2. To learn how to compare the viscosity of different liquids and how viscosity changes with temperature. II. Liquid Viscosity Exploration Organize the students into groups of two or three for this activity. Lead students through a viscosity exploration by following the steps in the Web page at Give each student group a copy of the PDF activity printout. If a projector is available, show the Web page sections as you go along. Note: If this link does not work, connect your computer securely to Schlumberger and try again. Discuss the results with the students and ask if they have questions. This is often a good time to teach them more about viscosity. Make sure they understand how to compare the viscosities of two different liquids. Invite a few student groups to make brief presentations on the procedures they used and to demonstrate their results. III. Investigation of Viscosity and Temperature Organize the students into groups of two or three for this activity. Lead students through a viscosity and temperature exploration by following the steps in the Web page at Give each student group a copy of the PDF activity printout. If a projector is available, show the Web page sections as you go along. These Web page sections correspond closely to the steps in the printout. Note: If this link does not work, connect your computer securely to Schlumberger and try again. Discuss the results with the students and respond to their questions. Make sure they understand the effect of temperature on the viscosity of the shampoo. Invite a few student groups to make brief presentations on the procedures they used and to demonstrate their results. IV. Virtual Viscosity Exploration You will need to have a computer with Internet connection available to each student group for this activity. Demonstrate the Viscosity Explorer to the students, at They will use the animation to carry out their investigations.

4 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 4 of 8 Discuss with students the best ways to organize the class into research teams to investigate in a systematic way the relative viscosity of various liquids. Here is one example. Divide students into teams that will each focus on a different liquid, but have two or three teams work with the same liquids. Assign honey to three groups who are not seated next to each other. Then assign olive oil to another three groups and corn syrup to three others. By having groups replicate the work, you demonstrate how scientists take multiple measurements and also invite others to reproduce their results. For this example, we will investigate the effect of temperature on viscosity. Set up the Viscosity Explorer animation with the same liquid in both containers, but vary the temperature. Using the stopwatch, measure the time from the release of the balls to the moment they hit bottom. As with the earlier activity, we recommend that students measure the time for the same event multiple times and take the average. Since they are measuring an event on the computer screen, it will be a bit more convenient than using actual bottles and balls. Students can record these results in a lab book, but we recommend that they use a spreadsheet instead. With a column for temperature and a column for the measured time, they can easily create a data table that can be graphed. Here is what a graph for honey might look like. Honey Falling Time vs Temperature Falling Time s Temperature deg C

5 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 5 of 8 Ask each group to present their results and respond to questions from other students. Groups investigating the same liquid should compare their results. Scroll down to the bottom of the web page at the following link to find a similar graph. rown_melis/materialproperties.htm V. Extensions These further activities are designed to help students learn even more about viscosity. Select from among the following. A. Other liquids. Bring a selection of other liquids besides shampoo and water, for example molasses and fruit juice. Ask the students to investigate their relative viscosities and report their results. Discuss. B. Slippery slope. Ask students to investigate relative viscosity by timing how long it takes a drop of liquid to ooze down a cookie sheet ramp set at a fixed angle. Compare times to see if they correspond to relative viscosities established earlier. C. Other angles. Repeat the investigation above, but vary the angle for the same liquid. By now, students might be comfortable predicting what they expect to happen. Then they could perform the investigation to confirm or refute their predictions. Discuss the results and any surprises. D. Dropping different marbles. Ask students to perform the liquid viscosity activity using marbles of different sizes. Will large marbles take more, less, or the same amount of time to fall through the various liquids? E. Dropping matching marbles. Ask students drop pairs of same-sized marbles into the various liquids and observe the distance between the marbles as they fall. Do they remain the same distance apart, come closer together, or move farther apart as they move through the liquid? F. Changing shapes. What happens if a student drops a cube shape into a liquid instead of a round one? What will happen with a disc-shaped object? A cylindrical object? Students can investigate the effect of shape on the time it takes for an object to fall through a certain distance in a liquid. G. Viscosity parfait. Fill a container up halfway with a highly viscous fluid, such as molasses, and then fill the remainder with a less viscous fluid, such as honey or syrup. Ask students to predict what will happen if they drop a marble down through the liquid. If they have already performed a number of investigations, they may even be able to predict the total falling time. H. Pour it in. How quickly can a student pour all of the liquid out of a container? Try this for liquids of different viscosities. I. Mystery liquids. Provide unmarked bottles of liquids for students to investigate. Ask them to rank them in the order of increasing viscosity.

6 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 6 of 8 J. More and more. Ask students for additional extension ideas. For example, they can suggest other liquids to explore, or other investigation methods to use as they learn more about viscosity. VI. Optional Demonstration: Other Viscous Liquids Show examples of less common liquids and how their pouring rates vary. These can include different weights of motor oil, different grades of drilling mud if available, as well as other less common liquids. (Note: If you use drilling mud, maybe consider demonstrating some of its thixotropic behavior as a teaser for the workshop on Non-Newtonian liquids.) VII. Summary A. Not all liquids flow easily. Viscosity refers to how readily a liquid will flow. Liquids that flow more slowly than others are more viscous, and seem to be thicker and slower-moving. B. The viscosity of a heated liquid is lower than that of the same liquid when it is cooled. VIII. Follow-up Activity Ideas A. Search the Internet for more information about viscosity, and make a presentation for the class. B. Use Scratch ( or a similar program to develop an animated simulation of the viscosity of various liquids. C. Develop a song or a skit about viscosity. D. Think of an activity that could be used for a collaborative project with another school related to viscosity. For example, students could explore the relative viscosity of different liquids, exchange their results, and discuss reasons for any differences. Contact your SEED country coordinator for assistance. E. Create a report, animation, or video of the skit or presentation for publication on the SEED Web site. Contact your SEED country coordinator for assistance. SEED and Schlumberger Web Resources Viscosity of Liquids Viscosity and Temperature Viscosity and Temperature II Viscosity of Liquids

7 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 7 of 8 Liquids: Thick and Thin 2 Oilfield Glossary: Viscosity Property: Viscosity Viscosity - Speedia The link below is for an online presentation about viscosity for younger children. We suggest that you view it first to evaluate it before using it in a workshop. x.html Note: If these links do not work, connect your computer securely to Schlumberger and try again. Additional Web Resources This is a different activity for students to investigate the effect of temperature on the viscosity of honey. The same procedure could be used for other liquids as well. The instructions are not clear at all times, but you can get the main idea from watching the video. The Physics Hypertextbook provides a good general scientific treatment of viscosity. This web site features an experiment that was started in Heated pitch was poured into a plugged funnel and allowed to cool. Three years later, the funnel was unplugged so that the solidified pitch was free to flow out. Since then, only nine drops have fallen from the funnel! This is an interesting example of a material that is brittle to the touch but has the ability to flow very slowly. It has a quite high viscosity!

8 SEED Workshop Outline: Viscosity of Liquids Page 8 of 8 For something completely different, send your students to the Viscosity Web site. This is a freeform art site where they can create their own modern art pieces. Although the site is named Viscosity, it doesn t seem to have a direct connection to our viscosity activities. Perhaps the students can create a piece of art that demonstrates their feelings about the viscosity activities.

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