Reading: The road not taken

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1 Rap sheet 5 for Rap point 2 Reading: The road not taken The following activities presume you are familiar with Robert Frost s famous poem, and have studied it in class. In these activities you will draw on the knowledge you have of the poem and how it is written in order to read it according to its narrative structure, and to analyse the ideology of its representation of journey. a. What do you already understand about the poem? Identify which of the following statements about the poem you believe to be true and which false. Be prepared to support your answer. Statement True? False? This is a poem about important issues in life: about the nature of choice, of decisions, of how to go in one direction rather than another and how to feel about the direction you took and the direction you did not take. The poem can be read as an assertion of a philosophy of individualism. Its message is that we determine the direction of our own lives through our choices and actions. The poem puts forward an argument for seeing our identity as the sum total of the choices we make and the spirit with which we make them. We see from the poem that life can be metaphorically related to a physical journey filled with many twists and turns. Throughout this journey there are instances where choices between alternate paths have to be made - the best route to take is not always easy to determine. The fork in the road represents the fact that the persona has to choose from two paths a direction that will affect him for the rest of his life. 1

2 Frost presents our inability to explore life s different possibilities. The narrator sighs at the end of the poem because he is both gratified with his choice to take the uncommon road, yet regretful because he may have missed something down the other road. Making all the difference by taking the road less traveled, the speaker becomes a product of his decision: a true individual. b. In a paragraph explain what The road not taken has revealed to you about the concept of the journey, and the relevance this has to your life. c. Identify the narrative structure of The road not taken, and analyse how language is used to convey meaning within that structure, by completing the following table. An example has been done for you. Narrative stages 1.a state of equilibrium at the start 2. a disruption of the equilibrium by some action Quote to illustrate narrative stage Two roads diverged in a yellow wood Explanation The rhythm of the walk and the thoughts it has given rise to are interrupted by a choice which is to be made: equilibrium is implied as having existed before this choice arose. Language analysis Diction is important. The word yellow suggests autumn, but it also symbolises cheerfulness and happiness. There is a suggestion of the walker having been contented before they had to make a choice. 2

3 3. a recognition that there has been a disruption 4. an attempt to repair the disruption 5. a reinstatement of the equilibrium d. Considering The road not taken as a narrative, changes the reading context. Consequently it becomes possible to identify alternative understandings of the poem and how it represents the concept of journey to those identified by you in activities a and b. Read the following response to The road not taken and complete the activities that follow. Life as we live it, rather than think and write about it, is not a coherent journey. It is something more haphazard. It is full of coincidence and happenstance. The persona in The road not taken does come across two roads. However, if he had not walked so far that morning he would not have come across the fork in the path. If he had happened to be walking down the road with a friend, he might well have been led down a particular path by his friend and consequently not have had to choose which road to take. In both cases any meaning or significance that might be attributed to what was, after all, just a walk in the woods, would be very different. 3

4 It is because of the element of chance in life and its randomness that elements of a journey which suggest order and attribute meaning to our experiences (e.g. a sense of coherence and purpose, the movement forward, significant choices and instructive complications from which we might learn) only become obvious to us in retrospect. We can only create meaning in our lives when we look back on what we have done. Narrative is a significant and common way in which we create meaning and purpose in our lives. We look back on events and start to string them together as part of the story of who we are and how we became the person we believe ourselves to be. Events, experiences and people from the past take on a significance in retrospect that we could not have realised at the time. Thinking about how experience is structured as a narrative in The road not taken allows us to see how significance is given to events that are essentially meaningless on their own. In other words, these events become important because of both their individual function in the poem s narrative structure and the way the narrative connects them together. For example, it is a commonly held idea that the poem is about the need for us all to understand that we have the power to determine our own futures through the choices we make. This idea is said to be seen through the extended metaphor of the road symbolising life, with the fork in the road representing significant decisions and choices we have to make. Frost s persona is often held up as an example of a self-actualising individual, who deliberately makes conscious choices for themselves and, as a consequence, creates their own future. However, seeing the fork in the road as a narrative complication, that is something that helps Frost tell something we might call a story, suggests that he is playing with the conventions of narrative. What is interesting about the thoughts and words Frost provides for his persona as he deals with this complication of the diverging roads is the emphasis that is placed on the irrational. Frost seems to go so far as to suggest that the irrational is a significant force in our decision making, and that we are not as free to follow our own path in life through the deliberate choices we make as we might wish. The following lines are significant because they suggest great ambiguity in the poem: 4

5 Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same. The qualifying phrase, as for that the passing there / Had worn them really about the same, is supported by connections created through the rhyme. Essentially, as the rhyme indicates, the roads are indistinguishable. Each road is as fair as the other, and the degree of wear each has experienced is the same. The claim each has the persona is therefore the same. His choice is, in effect a non-choice as there is no discernible difference between the roads; there is nothing about either road to recommend it over the other. Reading these lines in this way, which gives lie to the idea that there is a perceptible difference in the roads upon which a rational choice can be based, suggests in turn that Frost is highlighting that control in life is a self-delusion: we find ways to justify our irrational or arbitrary choices, through the narratives we create the stories we tell ourselves and others. We do this, he seems to suggest, as part of a search for coherence, purpose, and meaning where there is none. Keep in mind the lines: And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Given there is no physical difference in the roads which is discernible to the eye, the fact the persona chooses one over the other cannot be described as a rational choice. He provides the following justification for what is, given its arbitrariness, really a whim: I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Knowing that both roads were worn the same and one was not less traveled by, the reader might well ask of Frost what difference has in fact been made? The idea that the decision to travel down the chosen road has any deep significance in the persona s life is shown to be illusory, as the narrative Frost has constructed demands that his persona move on. 5

6 Narrative conventions demand that a character acts. A decision on the persona part to stay standing one the one spot would not be acceptable to readers, and neither would a decision to turn back and return along the path which has already been traveled as it was too hard to make a choice. For both of these choices would deny the walk in the woods significance. By convention, narrative ascribes meaning to a character s life: there will be the expectation on the reader s part that each incident a character is involved in is part of them being transformed in some way, e.g. growing wiser and more mature. The choice of a particular road, then, was compelled by the need to give the reader a sense of action, a sense of something happening which is significant and worth reading about. Frost seems to be playfully pointing this out to us. The way his persona draws the reader s attention to the inconsistencies in his own thinking and the arbitrariness of what he ends up doing might be read as a commentary on how the conventions and structures of narrative demand that certain things happen, and compel the reader to look for certain underlying meanings in what they are reading. Further, the ambiguous, even contradictory nature of the poem makes problematic the insistence of some on reading the poem as being about an independent, autonomous self navigating life s journey. The moral weight and overt didacticism of the last lines is further undercut by the enigmatic nature of the first line of last stanza: I shall be telling this with a sigh Might sigh not be read as a sense of weary, if honest self realisation that our capacity to create a journey narrative for our life ascribes to it a sense of meaning and connections (of people, places, events) it does not really posses? That is, an acknowledgement that we mythologise our lives through the narratives we tell of ourselves. We cling to significance despite our individual insignificance in the face of time and history? To meaning in the face of the randomness, even harshness of life? 1.In pairs, explain to your partner what you think the text is about. Help each other to understand unfamiliar words. Try to work out their meaning from the context. You may need to read the text again. 6

7 2.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Be prepared to justify your responses. Statement T / F We all have a true purpose in life. We are what we make ourselves through our choices. Narrative helps us to understand the world. Life is random and meaningless. We are free to exercise our free will. The poem is more about how narrative conventions shape meaning than anything else. The road not taken is a deep and meaningful poem of enduring relevance to all of us. We must always strive to be individuals Rational thought is a powerful thing. 3. Respond to the reading of the poem by listing: (a) what you agree with (b) what you disagree with (c) what you would like more information about. 7

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