Architectural CAD Project

Transcription

1 Architectural CAD Project Detailing in Masonry Images from Masonry Institute of Iowa 2003 & 2005 Spring Seminars Unless noted

2 Terminology

3 Three Basic Wall Types Single-Wythe Barrier Cavity - Rain Screen

4 Single Wythe Wall Architectural Graphic Standards

5 Collar joint between wythes acts a barrier to moisture along with the thickness of the wall Examples Brick and Block Composite Wall Barrier Wall

6 Must be filled solid with mortar or grout or voids allow water penetration Barrier Wall

7 Drainage Wall

8 Drainage Wall Water travels down back side of outer wythe, collected on flashing, and channeled to exterior through weep holes Examples: Cavity walls Brick veneer walls Rain screen walls

9 Rain Screen Wall Equalizes pressure within cavity Vents at top and bottom of wall or panel Flashing and weep holes Compartmentalized Allows for ventilation and evaporation

10 Water Penetration Resistance Rain Vapor

11 Best Performance Is Achieved By Redundancy Vapor Barriers Level of Defense Defense Mechanism Surface Protection Mortar Joints Sealants /Coatings Internal Protection Integral Water Repellants Drainage Flashing, weeps and vents

12 Drainage Wall Detailing Mortar Joints Air Space Flashing Details Expansion/Control Joint Locations Good Construction Practices

13 1 to 4 ½ inch clear cavity 2 min.for SS framing (BIA) 2 min. for cavity walls (BIA) Flashing and weep holes to channel out excessive water Drainage Walls Requirements

14 Typical Drainage Wall 3 5/ Min. Space 7 5/8 Brick or Masonry 1 Minimum Clearance Insulation Dampproofing Reinforcing (if required) CMU

15 Mortar

16 Mortar Joint Profiles Concave, Vee and Grapevine joints are most water resistant because mortar is compressed tight against unit edges CONCAVE V GRAPEVINE WEATHERED BEADED STRUCK FLUSH RAKED EXTRUDED

17 Flashing 2003 IBC Requirements Flashing. Flashing shall be installed in such a manner so as to prevent moisture from entering the top and sides of: exterior window and door openings intersection of chimneys or other masonry construction at wall and roof intersection

18 Flashing Locations base of wall sills heads of windows at shelf angles copings lower wall/ higher roof intersection other discontinuities in air space

19 Flashing Materials Sheet Metal Composites Plastic and Rubber Compounds

20

21 Flashing at Wall Base Must include weep holes Extend beyond wall face and turn down to form a drip Locate high enough so they re not covered by future landscaping Grout solid and waterproof below flashing

22 Good Flashing Detail Poor Flashing Detail

23 Flashing Extension BIA recommends flashing extend beyond wall face and turn down to form a drip Helps to ensure water collected on flashing exits the wall

24 Flashing at Foundation Wall 1) Min. 1 air space 2) Flashing 3a) Metal Drip Edge Option 3b b) If Metal Drip Edge not used then extend flashing flush with brick face 4) Weep Holes (open head joints) 3a

25 Drip Edge in Place

26 Flashing Window Sills

27 Flashing at Window Sill

28 End Dams

29 Flashing Jack Arches

30 Flashing Semi-Circular Arches

31 Flashing Long Span Arches

32 Step Flashing

33 Drainage Devices Can be helpful in keeping cavity clear Must rely on experience or testing for evaluation

34 Weeps Weep Hole Weep Vent Rope Wick Facilitate faster drainage 24 spacing recommended for open joints, vents 16 spacing recommended for tubes, rope wicks Weep Tube

35 Colorless Coatings and Paints Used for a variety of reasons Often to reduce water penetration Questionable for Brick Masonry

36 Differential Movement Movements Overview Temperature Movement Moisture Movement Elastic Deformation Movement Joints Design Placement Info on differential movement and expansion joints in TN 18 series

37 Cumulative Movement 100 ft length 1 in. expansion Brick 12 ft height 1/8 in. expansion Concrete Masonry 100 ft length 1/2 in. shrinkage Concrete Metals Wood 12 ft height 1/8 in. shrinkage 12 ft height 1/16 in. shrinkage 12 ft height 1/4 in. shrinkage Based on normal loading and exposure conditions

38 Types of Movement Joints Expansion Joint - Brick Masonry Brick wants to expand Control Joint - Concrete Masonry CMU s want to contract

39 Brick

40 Lack of Expansion Joints

41 Expansion Joint Provides room for expansion of brick by compressing as brick expands Prevents cracking by separating brick into sections

42 Types of Expansion Joints (Details)

43 Expansion Joint

44 Typical Spacing and Locations of Expansion Joints Long Walls Corners Setbacks and Offsets Parapet walls Beneath shelf angles Different Height Walls/Intersections

45 Wall Section Expansion Vertically from its support Horizontally from its centerline Support provides some restraint to horizontal expansion

46 Corners

47 Expansion Joints at Corners

48 Expansion Joints and Openings Reinforcement can also be added above or below windows to help prevent cracking

49 Expansion Joints and Windows

50 Window Expansion Joint Provide expansion space between brick and ends of lintel Use sealant in front of lintel as mortar can t accommodate movement

51 Relief Angle Detail 1) Optional Drainage Net 2) Flashing 1 3) Drip Edge Option 4) Weep Holes 5) Sealant & Backer Rod ) Minimum 1/8 space w/ compressible filler (preferred 3/8 ) 5 6

52 Lipped Brick Accommodates support angles while retaining typical joint profile Depth/height of lip no less than ¾ in. to prevent breakage

53 Expansion Joints at Shelf Angles

54 Relief Angle with Lipped Brick ) Optional Drainage Net 2) Flashing 3) Drip Edge Option 4) Weep Holes 5) Sealant & Backer Rod 6) Minimum 1/8 space w/ compressible filler (preferred 3/8 ) 7) Grout Below Flashing

55 Relief Angle with Inverted Lip Brick 1) Optional Drainage Net 1 2) Flashing 3) Drip Edge Option 4) Weep Holes 5) Sealant & Backer Rod ) Minimum 1/8 space w/ compressible filler (preferred 3/8 ) 5 6

56 Offsets need Expansion Joints

57 Hiding Expansion Joints

58 CMU

59 Causes of Concrete Masonry Cracks 1. Excessive deflection 2. Differential settlement 3. Structural overload 4. Shrinkage TEK 10-1A

60 Shrinkage Cracking Restraint at bottom only

61 Shrinkage Cracking Restraint at top and bottom

62 Goal of Crack Control Provisions Restraint at top and bottom Limit crack widths to less than 0.02 in (0.5 mm) able to be bridged by most coatings prevents water penetration TEK 10-3

63 Impact of mortar strength Weak mortar Strong mortar

64 Control Joint Spacing Recommendations h 25 feet maximum 1.5 h maximum So, for h = 8 ft, spacing < 12 feet for h = 20 ft, spacing < 30 feet 25 feet

65 Types of Control Joints Pre-formed gasket Formed paper Special shape units Used to: Relieve horizontal tensile stresses Reduce restraint and permit longitudinal movement Separate dissimilar materials

66 Control Joint Spacing Recommendations Control joint spacings are based on the use of horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area of less than in 2 / ft of height to keep unplanned cracks closed. Sum of steel area height

67 Control Joint Spacing Recommendations Control joint spacings are based on the use of horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area of less than in 2 / ft of height to keep unplanned cracks closed. 9 gage joint reinforcement every other course (16 in.)

68 Control Joint Spacing Recommendations Control joint spacings are based on the use of horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area of less than in 2 / ft of height to keep unplanned cracks closed. Or, by use of. #3 bars at 48 in. (4 ft.) #4 bars at 96 in. (8 ft.) #5 bars at 144 in. (12 ft.)

69 Joint Reinforcement Consists of two or more longitudinal wires connected with cross wires forming a truss or ladder configuration Ladder Type Truss Type TEK 12-2A

70 The role of reinforcement in controlling shrinkage cracking: Without joint reinforcement With joint reinforcement TEK 10-2B

71 Control Joints Backer rod Sealant - polysulfide, urethane, silicone or epoxy. Avoid oil-based caulks or other materials that dry out rapidly or do not bond effectively to masonry.

72 Control Joint Locations

73 Control Joints at Openings Openings less than 6 feet Openings more than 6 feet TEK 10-2B

74 Used to separate bands of different masonry types Bond Breaks

75 Bond Breaks Can be flashing or other membrane Use joint reinforcement in CMU

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77 Brick and Block Together One wants to expand and the other wants to shrink

78 Brick and Block Together Align Expansion Joints and Control Joints

79 Copings and Caps

80 Coping and Parapet Detail Horizontal Reinforcing Water Repellant Ad-Mixture 16 o.c. Bond Beam Drip Rake & Caulk Drip Wall Flashing Solid Sealant Reglet Throughwall Flashing Insulation Solid Insulation Vapor Barrier Standard Wall Finish

81 Thermal Performance of Masonry External Insulation Strategies

82 Sound Transmission Standard Method for Determining the Sound Transmission Class Rating for Masonry Walls (TMS )

83 When does sound become Reflected sound Transmitted sound Dissipated / Absorbed sound noise?

84 Grouting Reinforced Concrete Masonry Grout is a high slump concrete used to fill voids in the masonry assemblage to bind together the masonry units, mortar, and existing reinforcement into a single composite assemblage.

85 Grout Slump: 8 to 11 in. ASTM C 143

86 ASTM C1019 Compression Testing of Masonry Grout

87 Specifying Masonry Mortar C 270 Mortars Portland / Lime Mortar Masonry Cement Mortar Mortar Cement Mortar Mortar Types M S N O Strength C 270 Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry Do not specify higher strength mortar than needed. Do not substitute higher strength mortar than that specified without approval.

88 A great site with AutoCAD and SketchUp details and even construction sequencing can be found here:

89 Another great site is at: bs.php

90 Brick Industry Association Technical Notes and other resources online at and