Health education first trimester (1 3 month )

Transcription

1 Health education first trimester (1 3 month ) Nutrition Good nitration is essential all during pregnancy. The quality of food more important than quantity. The pregnant women should eat to provide all essential nutrients while avoiding weight gain. Selecting foods of high nutritive value and avoiding empty calories and junk food. Weight gain in pregnancy should not exceed 12 kg. Foods rich in protein, iron, and essential nutrients are recommended to be eaten on a daily basis. During the first two trimesters of pregnancy, iron is transferred to the fetus in moderate amounts, but during the last trimester when the fetus builds its reserve, the amount transferred is accelerated ten times. Travelling Travel can be especially trying in the first 14 weeks and during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy, avoid it in the first trimester if there is history of abortion. If travel by car, frequent stops should be provide with opportunity and using the rest room. Using seatbelts, they should not too tight against the neck and abdomen Sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse in moderation usually dose no harm Stress that sexual intercourse is contraindicated once the membranes are ruptured or if bleeding is present. Avoid intercourse if there is history of abortion or premature labor. 1

2 Environment factor Drug The first trimester is particulars, susceptible time Ingestion of drug at any time during pregnancy holds potential for fetal damage. Drug have tetrogenle effects on the fetus, causing anomalies as bone and limb deformities, deafness, cardiac defects, prematurity and metabolic abnormalities. Avoid use of self-medication and prescription medication. Drug with or suspected toxicity should be avoided. When doctors prescribe a drug for necessary to the smallest dosage for short time. Caffeine Pregnant women of common sources of caffeine including coffee, tea, colas and chocolate use it in moderate or limiting intake. Daily large caffeine intake will cause elevated the blood pressure. Caffeine causes an increase production of adrenaline and noradrenaline these hormone construct peripheral blood vessels, including those of the uterus, ibis restriction can result in temporary decrease of oxygen available to the fetus. Smoking Women who are smoke during pregnancy should stop smoking, or if she can't must be reduces their smoking. Specific mechanism of smoking effect on the fetus is not known. Smoking appears to decrease placental blood flow and plasma volume. 2

3 Next visit Smoking may interfere with maternal absorption or metabolism of calcium, vitamins A, B6, B12, and vitamin C. Mother who smokes has an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, placenta previa, low birth weight, anemic baby, addict baby to cigarette. Regular return visits during pregnancy to provide continuing monitoring of maternal and fetal status. In 1 st trimester returns every 4 weeks. Warning sings and symptoms Women should be immediately report of any of following sings and symptoms to the doctor in the 1 st trimester: Vaginal bleeding, no matter how slight it is. Pain in the abdomen and back. Persistent nausea or vomiting. Persistent loss of appetite. Painful. Burning sensation on urination. Dizziness. Hygiene Health education second trimester ( 4 6 months) Daily hygiene routine is maintained. Skin glands are more active and frequent baths are necessary. If there is increased in vaginal discharge, which means local cleansing are essential. Wipe from front to back to prevent contamination. Wear cotton underwear for good ventilated. Avoid douching except by advice of doctor. 3

4 Dental care Dental examination should be done early in pregnancy. Regular visit to the dentist as ordered. An adequate diet and care of the gums. Consult doctor before any dental work is done. Breast care Cleanse daily with warm water, omitting soap, which causes drying and cracking of the nipple and areola area. Rub nipples gently apply cream for dryness. If nipples are flat or inverted, grasp gently and pull out ward for a few second several times a day. Clothing Clothing in 2 nd trimester should be practical, attractive and nonconstricting. Avoid stocking with elastic tops. Low heeled shoes are more practical and safer. A well fitting bra is recommended. Vaccination All women of childbearing age need to be fully aware of the risk of receiving specific immunization if pregnancy is possible. Tetanus toxic 1 st and 2 nd dose in 2 nd trimester, 1 month between each. Next visit Returns every 4 weeks. Warning sings and symptoms Vaginal bleeding. Sever continuous headache. Swelling of the face and hand. Chills and fever over (37.8 ). Dizziness. 4

5 Increase weight gain Increase in B.P Travelling Health education third trimester ( 7 9 months) Avoid it if there is history of bleeding, premature labor, pregnancy induce hypertension, or if multiple births are anticipated. Don't travel without consult your doctors. Mother must be surd there is a hospitals or emergency center in a place, which went to it Sexual inter course Women in third trimester should be avoid sexual intercourse during the last 6 8 week of premature ruptnre of membranes & pre mature labor S & S of labor The onset of labor is signald by one or more of following symptoms 1. The irregular contractions of pregnancy give way to regular uterine contractions every min 2. The show a small amount of blood mixed with mucus is passed 3. The membranes may ruptunc Omther 2 hold be go to the hospital any time she fell one or more of these symptoms Place of delivery When the mother to be in labor is admit to the hospital Avoid stay at home if mother feel symptoms of labor to prevent complication 5

6 Vaccination The important topic that is interrelated with travel is that of immunization & vaccination protection for pregnant woman Virus vaccinations are contrincticated (measles, mumps, and rubella) Warning S & S Vaginal bleeding Edema Sever headache Visual disturbance Absence of fetal movement V. discharge & changing in normality ( colour, amount, odors, itching) Nutrition In 3 rd trimester iron or folic acid intake in food Increase Ca intake (milk & milk products). Adequate intake of fluid to prevent dehydration. Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation Avoid fluid contain sodium bicarbonate. Next visit From 7 th to 8 th month the visit every two weeks. The 9 th month will be every one week. Differentiate between true and false labor False labor pain True labor pain Site abdomen Abdomen and back may be upper thigh Walking It will gone It will increase Enema It will gone It will increase Discharge No discharge Show Cervical diltation No dilatation There is dilatation Pattern of pain Irregular Start irregular then become regular 6

7 Exercising During Pregnancy Exercise is safe and encouraged during a normal healthy pregnancy. If you exercised before you became pregnant, you can continue exercising at the same level. If you are just starting an exercise program, talk to your doctor and start slowly. Do not push yourself too hard. Talk to your doctor about what kind of exercises to do.there are some health conditions that may limit your exercise. General Guidelines Drink plenty of water and eat a healthy snack before exercising. Wear clothing that is comfortable. It is best to exercise for 30 to 45 minutes 3 to 5 times each week. You should be able to carry on a conversation during exercise. Avoid getting overheated. Do not exercise on very hot or very cold days. Avoid any type of exercise that can cause even mild trauma to your stomach. You may need to change the type of exercise you do as your stomach gets bigger and your balance changes. It is common to feel some mild cramping during exercise. Drink plenty of water and the cramping should stop after you are done exercising. Exercise Safely Warm up and cool down with each exercise session. Start slowly. Listen to your body. Do not try to push yourself too hard. Stop exercising when you get tired. Do not exercise to the point of exhaustion. If you have pain or any unusual signs, stop exercising right away. Rest and call your doctor if these signs do not go away Keep one foot on the floor during all standing exercises, do not over reach and do not do quick, jerky movements. This may throw off your balance. Never hold your breath. Your joints are softer so do not over extend or bend the joints such as deep knee bends or deep squats. Do not do bouncing stretches. Use a longer slow stretch. 7

8 Types of Exercise to Do Walking is a great exercise. If you were not active before pregnancy, walking may be a good way to start. You may use light weights. Swimming is a great exercise but do not dive. Jog or play tennis only if you did these before your pregnancy. Exercises to Avoid Do not do any exercise where you lie flat on your back after the first 3 months of pregnancy. Do not use ankle weights, do double leg lifts or do full sit ups. This strains your back. Do not do any activity that may cause jerking, bouncing or high impact movements. Do not water ski, snow ski or scuba dive. 8