Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller in C and Assembly

Transcription

1 Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller in C and Assembly Sencer Yeralan, P.E., Ph.D. Helen Emery Rigel Press, a Division of Rigel Corporation

2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... IX PREFACE... XI CHAPTER 1 ARCHITECTURE MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER FAMILY ARCHITECTURE On-Chip Memory Using the On-Chip Facilities...12 CHAPTER 2 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING BACKGROUND DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS The Immediate Addressing Mode The Direct Addressing Mode The Register Addressing Mode The Register-Specific Addressing Mode The Register Indirect Addressing Mode The Register Indexed Addressing Mode Stack-Oriented Data Transfer Exchange Instructions Bit-Oriented Data Transfer DATA PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Arithmetic Instructions Logic Instructions PROGRAM FLOW CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS Unconditional Jump Instructions Conditional Jump Instructions Call and Return Instructions Subroutines and Interrupt Service Routines ENHANCED MEMBERS OF THE 8051 FAMILY Fast Microcontrollers Enhanced Memory Options Additional Data Pointers The Multiply and Divide Unit of the 80C Bit Analog-to-Digital Conversion The I 2 C Bus Support...89

3 ARCNET Token Bus Network Support Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus Support Universal Serial Bus (USB) Support System-On-Chip 8051 s Migrating to 16-Bit Architectures Information Sources CHAPTER 3 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION DATA BLOCK TRANSFER ROUTINES TABLE LOOK UP PROCEDURES ASCII CONVERSION ROUTINES JUMP TABLES N-WAY BRANCHING SIGNED ARITHMETIC ROUTINES Two's Complement Conversion Routines Bit Signed Addition and Subtraction Bit Signed Multiplication and Division BIT UNSIGNED ARITHMETIC ROUTINES Bit Addition and Subtraction Bit Unsigned Multiplication and Division BIT SIGNED ARITHMETIC ROUTINES Bit Signed Addition and Subtraction Bit Signed Multiplication and Division FLOATING-POINT ARITHMETIC ROUTINES Floating-Point Multiplication and Division PSEUDO-RANDOM NUMBERS STRING MANIPULATION ROUTINES SOFTWARE TIMING ROUTINES RE-ENTRANT ROUTINES SOFTWARE STACKS MACRO DEFINITIONS, PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES, AND CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTORY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE EXPERIMENTS INPUT/OUTPUT OPERATIONS A SUBROUTINE FOR DRIVING SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAYS SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES Using an Interrupt Vector Table to Redirect the Interrupts Using Multiple Interrupts COUNTER OPERATIONS TIMER OPERATIONS iv

4 4.7. USING THE PTRA UNIT COMPARE AND CAPTURE FUNCTIONS Pulse Train Generation with the PTRA Unit Pulse Width Modulation Pulse Width and Period Measurement Software Timers Using the PTRA Unit ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Interrupt-Driven Timer and Analog-to-Digital Conversion Operation Bit Resolution with the Analog-to-Digital Conversion SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS CHAPTER 5 C LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING C FOR MICROCONTROLLERS In-Line Assembly C Extensions The Reads51 SmallC-Compatible Compiler Mixed C / Assembly Module Projects INTRODUCTORY C LANGUAGE EXPERIMENTS Input/Output Operations A C Function for Driving Seven-Segment Displays Serial Communications Interrupt Service Routines Timer and Counter Operations Analog-to-Digital Conversion MULTITASKING AND MULTITHREADING A Real-Time Multitasking Utility: RTMT Using the RTMT Utility Inter-Task Synchronization CHAPTER 6 HARDWARE EXPERIMENTS IMPLEMENTING SIMPLE BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS Combinational Logic Sequential Logic SCANNING A KEYPAD STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL A FREQUENCY GENERATOR WITH TIMERS MEASURING TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY WITH AN ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION Pulse Width Modulation Using Digital-to-Analog Converter Chips DC MOTOR SPEED REGULATION WITH A FEEDBACK SYSTEM INTELLIGENT PERIPHERALS - INTERFACING WITH LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS IMPLEMENTING A MULTI-DROP RS-485 NETWORK v

5 A Simple Network Protocol CHAPTER 7 BUILDING AN 8051-BASED MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM HARDWARE An 8051-Based System Based System Bill of Materials An 80C515-Based System C515-Based System Bill of Materials INTERFACING THE MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM FIRMWARE MINMON - A Minimal 8051 Monitor Program Setting Up an Interrupt Vector Table USING THE MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM TO RUN THE EXAMPLE PROGRAMS CHAPTER 8 DEVELOPING MICROCONTROLLER APPLICATIONS SUGGESTED APPLICATIONS THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX A READS51 SOFTWARE APPENDIX B A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE B.1 C LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY B.1.1 Ingredients of a C Program B.1.2 Code Appearance and Style B.2 FUNCTIONS B.3 VARIABLES B.3.1 Scalars B.3.2 Pointers B.3.3 Arrays B.4 CONSTANTS B.4.1 Compiler Directives B.5 STATEMENTS B.5.1 Compound Statements B.5.2 Expressions B.5.3 Conditions B.5.4 Iteration Statements B.5.5 Selection Statements B.6 COMMENTS B.7 STANDARD (RUN TIME) LIBRARIES vi

6 B.8 REFERENCES APPENDIX C NUMBER SYSTEMS C.1 BINARY NUMBERS C.2 HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS C.3 BINARY-CODED DECIMAL NUMBERS C.4 TWO S-COMPLEMENT CONVENTION FOR SIGNED NUMBERS APPENDIX D 8051 TOOLS AND INFORMATION SOURCES D.1. DIRECTORIES AND PERIODICALS D.2. CHIP MANUFACTURERS D.3. SOFTWARE VENDORS D.4. HARDWARE VENDORS D.4.1. Single-Board Computers D.4.2. Parts Suppliers INDEX vii