The MPEG-21 Standard. The MPEG standards
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1 INF5081 Multimedia Coding and Applications Vårsemester 2007, Ifi, UiO The MPEG-21 Standard Wolfgang Leister Goran Karabeg Halldór Matthías Sigurðsson The MPEG standards MPEG MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 Video coding standards Static Objects MPEG-7 MPEG-21 Content Management Generate Description Pay DRM Lifecycle Consume
2 Standardization MPEG-21 Standardization Generation MPEG Consumption The MPEG standards are open on two sides Methods for generation and consumption are not defined by the standards MPEG Conclusion Rights Holder Process Author Publish Deliver Playback End User Visual Content VIDEO 2D 3D SEMANTICS CONTENTS METADATA CONTENT MANAGEMENT DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT SUBSCRIBER MANAGEMENT SATELLITE PC SET-TOP BOX ANIMATION Audio Content DIALOG TEXT SOUND EFFECTS SOUNDTRACK MPEG-4 MPEG-7 SECURE MPEG-21 WIRELESS CABLE DVD PLAYER GAME CONSOLE Scene Information MUSIC LAYOUT INTERACTION PULL PUSH UNIVERSAL MM ACCESS TARGETED INTEGRATED AD SERVING ECOMMERCE ACCOUNTING & BILLING DSL CD/DVD INTERNET DEVICE PDA CELLPHONE
3 MPEG-21 ISO/IEC (18034) Goal: Define the technology needed to support Users to exchange, access, consume, trade and otherwise manipulate Digital Items in an efficient, transparent and interoperable way The parts of MPEG Vision, technologies and strategies 2. Digital Item Declaration 3. Digital Item Identification 4. Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) 5. Rights Expression Language 6. Rights Data Dictionary 7. Digital Item Adaptation 8. Reference Software 9. File Format
4 MPEG-21Part 1 Vision Define a multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices 1. Provide a vision 2. Facilitate integration and harmonization of technologies 3. Strategy for achieving a framework through collaboration Digital Item MPEG-21 What A Digital Item is a structured digital object with a standard representation, identification and metadata within the MPEG-21 framework. Who A User is any entity that interacts in the MPEG-21 environment or makes use of a Digital Item. User A Transaction/Use/Relationship Digital Item Authorization/Value Exchange User B Source: Source: Chiariglione.org/mpeg
5 Multimedia Framework Example: Unique Resource Identifiers Content Descriptors Digital Item Declaration Example: Container, Item, Resource Digital Item Identification and Description Content Management and usage Example: Storage Management Content Personalization Example: Encryption Authentication Watermarking Examples: Natural and Synthetic Scalability User A Transaction/Use/Relationship Digital Item Authorization/Value Exchange Intellectual Property management and Protection Terminals & Networks Content Representation Event Reporting User B Example: Resource Abstraction Resource Management (QoS) Service & state reference mechanisms Support for usage tracking MPEG-21 Part 2 Digital Item Declaration (DID) Index a Digital Item Purpose: describe a set of abstract terms and concepts to form a useful model for defining Digital Items Three normative sections: Model set of abstract terms and concepts Representation normative description of syntax & semantics of DID elements Schema normative XML schema comprising the entire grammar of DID
6 Digital Item Declaration in detail MPEG-21 Part 3 Digital Item Identification The scope of the Digital Item Identification (DII) Specification includes, how to... Uniquely identify Digital Items and parts thereof (including resources) Uniquely identify IP related to the Digital Items (and parts thereof), e.g., abstractions Uniquely identify Description Schemes Use identifiers to link Digital Items with related information e.g., descriptive metadata Identify different types if Digital Items
7 DII example: MPEG-21 music album MPEG-21 Part 4 IPMP Improvements over MPEG-4 IPMP: Internetworking IPMP tool retrieval & authentication Integration of Rights Expressions (RDD & REL) Intellectual Property Management and Protection involves the enforcement of REL permissions IPMP shall consult REL before any actions are taken in the User s system REL: What is protected? What rights apply? IPMP: How is it protected?
8 MPEG-21 Part 5 REL The Rights Expression Language consists of licenses and grants that give specific permissions to Users to perform certain actions on certain resources, given that certain conditions are met Grants can also allow Users to delegate authority to others User s system shall parse and validate the RE User s system shall check permissions before any further action is done DID parser is responsible for discovering and identifying where to gather licenses REL licenses are wrapped in Digital Items Rights Expression Language REL is seen as a machine-readable language that can declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Directory (RDD) The principal to whom the grant is issued The right that the grant specifies The resource to which the right in the grant applies The condition that must be met before the right can be exercised REL is supported by Rights Data Directory (RDD)
9 MPEG-21 Part 6 Rights Data Dictionary Set of clear, consistent, structured, integrated and uniquely identified Terms to support REL Specification of dictionary structure and methodology to create dictionary Dictionary is prescriptive, inclusive, and has audit provisions Legal definitions are mapped from other Authorities Supports mapping & transformation of metadata from terminology of one namespace (or Authority) into that of another namespace in automated or partially automated way Dictionary is based on a logical model, the Context Model, which is the basis of the dictionary ontology MPEG-21 Part 7 Digital Item Adaptation Goal: achieve transparent interoperable access to distributed multimedia content Enable ad hoc formation of User communities in which contents is shared with agreed or contracted Quality Reliability Flexibility Diversity Guaranteed user experience
10 Concept of Digital Item Adaptation Relation between DIA and other MPEG-21 parts
11 MPEG-21 Part 8 Reference Software Success of a standard depends on the availability of reference software Plan to use the software developed in Core Experiments (CE) as a basis Platform independence Future repository (requires membership) Temporary repository Current main issue: parsing DID Digital Item Processing and Terminology Digital Items act as a structure for organizing resources and its descriptions Need a mechanism for defining a set of operations by which a terminal can process a DI or DID Currently considering to specify a set of operations that can be used to process DIs: Digital Item Method A DIM defines an intended method for configuring, manipulating and/or validating a DI Interoperability of Digital Items means that terminals must handle the DIs in a consistent manner Digital Item Methods provide a way to specify a selection of preferred procedures by which the DI should be handled at the DI level a menu of user interaction possibilities Digital Item Processing encompasses all aspects of processing a DI from an application perspective Applications build DIP environments around a fundamental DIME CDI Content Digital Item a DID containing the actual content DIBO Digital Item Base Operation DIM Digital Item Method method that can by applied to a DID DIME DIM Engine part of the terminal responsible for executing the DIM DIML DIM Language DIP Digital Item Processing MI Method Item PI Processing Item XDI Context Digital Item
12 Digital Item Processing MPEG-21 Part 9 File Format Purpose: storing MPEG-21 Digital Items all components of the DI within a single file Inherits several concepts from MPEG-4 (make multi-purpose files possible)
13 Special focus: Digital Rights Management MPEG-21 Is MPEG trying to tame the hackers? DRM is a necessity, not only for industry support, but for a global market DRM will refer to the general issue of digital rights management, while Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) will denote MPEG specifics MPEG-21 explains the basic concepts of a machineinterpretable language for expressing the rights of users and content Does not provide specifications for security in trusted systems, pose specific applications, or describe the details of the accounting systems required. It does describe the language s syntax and semantics IPMP using hooks approach IPMP in MPEG 2 and 4 (version 1) used the hooks approach Plug-in a proprietary IPMP system Embed information into content streams that informs the terminal which proprietary IPMP system to use Reason: cost/benefit trade-off, one size did not fit all (e.g. TV and PDA) Downside: Limits interoperability, heavier terminal environment, risk many similar MPEG devices being built without inter-working
14 New IPMP approach More generalized architecture Provider lists authentication methods, recipient selects one Terminal can get IPMP Tools embedded in content or by downloading it Still based on hooking but uses Message Routing Service to simplify Audit agencies can provide Trust and Security metadata MPEG-21 Digital Rights Management
15 Conclusion MPEG-21 Open standard-based framework for multimedia delivery and consumption? Enables the use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices Consists of Users that interact with Digital Items No technical distinction between providers and consumers Glues all kinds of multimedia content together Digital Rights Management infrastructure End of Lecture Thank you for your attention!
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